An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI / by Christoph Bartneck, Christoph Lütge, Alan Wagner, Sean Welsh.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Bartneck, Christoph, 1973- Author.

Lütge, Christoph, Author.

Wagner, Alan, Author.

Welsh, Sean, Author.

Series:

SpringerBriefs in Ethics, 2211-811X

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Technology--Moral and ethical aspects.

Technology.

Artificial intelligence.

Robotics.

Psychology.

Ethics of Technology.

Artificial Intelligence.

Behavioral Sciences and Psychology.

Local Subjects:

Ethics of Technology.

Artificial Intelligence.

Robotics.

Behavioral Sciences and Psychology.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (XI, 117 p. 18 illus. in color.)

Edition:

1st ed. 2021.

Place of Publication:

Cham : Springer International Publishing : Imprint: Springer, 2021.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

This open access book introduces the reader to the foundations of AI and ethics. It discusses issues of trust, responsibility, liability, privacy and risk. It focuses on the interaction between people and the AI systems and Robotics they use. Designed to be accessible for a broad audience, reading this book does not require prerequisite technical, legal or philosophical expertise. Throughout, the authors use examples to illustrate the issues at hand and conclude the book with a discussion on the application areas of AI and Robotics, in particular autonomous vehicles, automatic weapon systems and biased algorithms. A list of questions and further readings is also included for students willing to explore the topic further.

Contents:

Intro

Contents

List of Figures

1 About the Book

1.1 Authors

1.2 Structure of the Book

2 What Is AI?

2.1 Introduction to AI

2.1.1 The Turing Test

2.1.2 Strong and Weak AI

2.1.3 Types of AI Systems

2.2 What Is Machine Learning?

2.3 What Is a Robot?

2.3.1 Sense-Plan-Act

2.3.2 System Integration. Necessary but Difficult

2.4 What Is Hard for AI

2.5 Science and Fiction of AI

3 What Is Ethics?

3.1 Descriptive Ethics

3.2 Normative Ethics

3.2.1 Deontological Ethics

3.2.2 Consequentialist Ethics

3.2.3 Virtue Ethics

3.3 Meta-ethics

3.4 Applied Ethics

3.5 Relationship Between Ethics and Law

3.6 Machine Ethics

3.6.1 Machine Ethics Examples

3.6.2 Moral Diversity and Testing

4 Trust and Fairness in AI Systems

4.1 User Acceptance and Trust

4.2 Functional Elements of Trust

4.3 Ethical Principles for Trustworthy and Fair AI

4.3.1 Non-maleficence

4.3.2 Beneficence

4.3.3 Autonomy

4.3.4 Justice

4.3.5 Explicability

4.4 Conclusion

5 Responsibility and Liability in the Case of AI Systems

5.1 Example 1: Crash of an Autonomous Vehicle

5.2 Example 2: Mistargeting by an Autonomous Weapon

5.2.1 Attribution of Responsibility and Liability

5.2.2 Moral Responsibility Versus Liability

5.3 Strict Liability

5.4 Complex Liability: The Problem of Many Hands

5.5 Consequences of Liability: Sanctions

6 Risks in the Business of AI

6.1 General Business Risks

6.1.1 Functional Risk

6.1.2 Systemic Risk

6.1.3 Risk of Fraud

6.1.4 Safety Risk

6.2 Ethical Risks of AI

6.2.1 Reputational Risk

6.2.2 Legal Risk

6.2.3 Environmental Risk

6.2.4 Social Risk

6.3 Managing Risk of AI

6.4 Business Ethics for AI Companies

6.5 Risks of AI to Workers

7 Psychological Aspects of AI

7.1 Problems of Anthropomorphisation.

7.1.1 Misplaced Feelings Towards AI

7.1.2 Misplaced Trust in AI

7.2 Persuasive AI

7.3 Unidirectional Emotional Bonding with AI

8 Privacy Issues of AI

8.1 What Is Privacy?

8.2 Why AI Needs Data

8.3 Private Data Collection and Its Dangers

8.3.1 Persistence Surveillance

8.3.2 Usage of Private Data for Non-intended Purposes

8.3.3 Auto Insurance Discrimination

8.3.4 The Chinese Social Credit System

8.4 Future Perspectives

9 Application Areas of AI

9.1 Ethical Issues Related to AI Enhancement

9.1.1 Restoration Versus Enhancement

9.1.2 Enhancement for the Purpose of Competition

9.2 Ethical Issues Related to Robots and Healthcare

9.3 Robots and Telemedicine

9.3.1 Older Adults and Social Isolation

9.3.2 Nudging

9.3.3 Psychological Care

9.3.4 Exoskeletons

9.3.5 Quality of Care

9.4 Education

9.4.1 AI in Educational Administrative Support

9.4.2 Teaching

9.4.3 Forecasting Students' Performance

9.5 Sex Robots

10 Autonomous Vehicles

10.1 Levels of Autonomous Driving

10.2 Current Situation

10.3 Ethical Benefits of AVs

10.4 Accidents with AVs

10.5 Ethical Guidelines for AVs

10.6 Ethical Questions in AVs

10.6.1 Accountability and Liability

10.6.2 Situations of Unavoidable Accidents

10.6.3 Privacy Issues

10.6.4 Security

10.6.5 Appropriate Design of Human-Machine Interface

10.6.6 Machine Learning

10.6.7 Manually Overruling the System?

10.6.8 Possible Ethical Questions in Future Scenarios

11 Military Uses of AI

11.1 Definitions

11.2 The Use of Autonomous Weapons Systems

11.2.1 Discrimination

11.2.2 Proportionality

11.2.3 Responsibility

11.3 Regulations Governing an AWS

11.4 Ethical Arguments for and Against AI for Military Purposes

11.4.1 Arguments in Favour

11.4.2 Arguments Against

11.5 Conclusion.

12 Ethics in AI and Robotics: A Strategic Challenge

12.1 The Role of Ethics

12.2 International Cooperation

Appendix References

Index.

ISBN:

3-030-51110-3

OCLC:

1243549526

Access Restriction:

Open access Unrestricted online access