The young and the elderly at risk : individual outcomes and contemporary policy challenges in European societies / edited by Ioana Salagean, Catalina Lomos, Anne Hartung.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Salagean, Ioana, editor.

Lomos, Catalina, editor.

Hartung, Anne, editor.

Series:

Social Europe series ; v. 34.

Social Europe series ; v. 34

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Children--Services for--Europe.

Children.

Older people--Services for--Europe.

Older people.

Older people--Services for.

Children--Services for.

Europe--Social policy.

Europe.

Social policy.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xviii, 256 pages) : digital, PDF file(s).

Place of Publication:

Cambridge : Intersentia, 2015.

System Details:

text file

PDF

Summary:

Dedicated to Professor Jos Berghman (1949-2014)The current retrenchment of the welfare states is buffering the growing demographic and economic pressures in European countries at the expense of the young and the elderly, and particular subgroups with intersecting high-risk characteristics. However, both investing in the young, which determines a society's future, and providing public support for the elderly, the most deserving needy group, are seen as musts. This book encompasses selective studies addressing policies and institutional settings, individual outcomes and attitudes towards governmental responsibilities. Focusing on the young in its first part, the present book reveals the contribution of ethnic and social capital to educational outcomes, and the role of national and European policies in the transition from school to work, the duration of unemployment and the minimum income dependency of Europe's youth. The second part of the book focuses on the elderly and discusses intersections with gender and ethnicity in old-age poverty, pension outcomes of mobile (cross-border) workers, the impact of the recent social security reforms and the possible outcomes of including financial assets and housing wealth in old-age income protection. The final chapters address the potential erosion of the solidarity towards the young and the elderly as a challenge for the European welfare states.'Empirical research, as it is presented in this book's contributions, can add much to our understanding of how this social contract, and by extension also others, like the social contracts between the active and inactive, the healthy and the sick, and the rich and the poor, can be sustained, economically, politically, as well as socially.Wim van Oorschot, Professor of Social Policy at KU Leuven and Honorary President of ESPAnet

Contents:

Chapter 1 Does Ethnic Capital Contribute to the Educational Outcomes of Individuals with Turkish Background in Europe? / Sait Bayrakdar Bayrakdar, Sait 9

1 Introduction 9

2 Conceptual framework and hypotheses 11

2.1 Ethnic capital as a resource 11

2.2 A comparative approach to ethnic capital 15

3 Data and methodology 16

3.1 Data source 16

3.2 Operationalisation 17

3.3 Methods 19

4 Results 19

4.1 Descriptive results 19

4.2 Regression results 22

5 Conclusion 25

References 26

Acknowledgements 29

Annex 29

Chapter 2 Young Adults at Risk in Germany: The Impact of Vocational Training on the Ethnic Gap at Labour Market Entry / Anne Hartung Hartung, Anne 33

1 Introduction 34

2 Labour market differences in theory: justifiable or penalties? 36

3 The German "Dual System" of vocational education and training 38

4 Methods 41

4.1 Data, sample and variables 41

4.2 Estimated model 43

5 Successful transition from school to work in Germany? Empirical

Insights 44

6 Concluding remarks 49

Acknowledgements 51

References 51

Annex 55

Chapter 3 Poverty among Elderly Immigrants in Belgium / Line De Witte Witte, Line De, Sofie Vanassche Vanassche, Sofie, Hans Peeters Peeters, Hans 57

1 Introduction 57

2 Immigration history of current elderly immigrants in Belgium 59

3 Determinants of poverty in later life 59

3.1 Belgian pension regulations 60

3.1.1 Previous labour market patterns of elderly immigrants 60

3.1.2 Current marital status of elderly immigrants 61

3.2 Household composition of elderly immigrants 62

4 Present study 62

5 Data and methods 62

5.1 Data 63

5.2 Dependent variable 63

5.3 Independent variables 64

5.4 Analytical strategy 65

6 Results 66

6.1 Descriptive statistics: background characteristics, household composition, labour market trajectories and pension type according to country of origin 66

6.1.1 Demographic characteristics 66

6.1.2 Career type 67

6.1.3 Previous labour market career for employees 71

6.2 Bivariate analyses: poverty risk according to country of origin and gender 71

6.3 Multivariate analyses: poverty risk according to country of origin controlling for labour market career, marital status and household composition 75

7 Discussion and conclusions 77

References 81

Chapter 4 Integrating Life Course and Pension Policy Perspectives: The Case of Poverty Among Elderly Women / Hans Peeters Peeters, Hans, Wouter De Tavernier Tavernier, Wouter De 85

1 Introduction 85

2 Incidence of poverty among elderly women 86

3 Family and career from the late 1950s in Belgium 87

4 Belgian pension regulations and the male breadwinner model 88

5 Hypotheses 91

5.1 The direct impact of marital history on old-age poverty risk 91

5.2 The indirect impact of marital and parenthood histories on old-age poverty risk 91

6 Data, operationalisation and method 93

6.1 Data 93

6.2 Operationalisation of variables 94

6.3 Method 95

7 Results 97

7.1 Descriptive statistics 97

7.2 The direct impact of marital history on old-age poverty risk 97

7.3 The indirect impact of family history on old-age poverty risk 99

8 Discussion 101

References 102

Chapter 5 Including Assets in Comparative Old-Age Poverty Research: How does It Change the Picture? / Rika Verpoorten Verpoorten, Rika 107

1 Introduction 107

2 Sources of income for the elderly population 110

3 Including assets in the old-age income package 111

4 Research questions and hypotheses 113

5 Methodology 114

6 Research results 116

7 Conclusion 121

References 122

Annex: Simulation of the potential contribution from assets 126

Chapter 6 The Social and Budgetary Impacts of the Recent Social Security Reform in Belgium / Gijs Dekkers Dekkers, Gijs, Raphaël Desmet Desmet, Raphaël, Nicole Fasquelle Fasquelle, Nicole, Saskia Weemaes Weemaes, Saskia 129

1 Introduction 130

2 The recent social security reform in Belgium 132

3 Simulating the impact of social security reform: a tale of many models 135

4 The budgetary impacts of the structural reform 141

4.1 Labour market and macroeconomic environment 142

4.2 Social expenditures 144

4.2.1 Unemployment, career breaks and conventional early leavers' scheme 145

4.2.2 Pension schemes 146

5 The social impact of social security reform 147

5.1 Impact of pension reform on the poverty risk of the pensioners 148

5.2 The impact of unemployment reform on the poverty risk of the unemployed 152

6 Conclusion 154

References 155

Chapter 7 Cross-Border Social Security Coordination, Mobility of Labour and Pension Outcomes / Irina Burlacu Burlacu, Irina, Cathal O'Donoghue O'Donoghue, Cathal 159

1 Introduction 160

2 Using replacement rates to assess the income smoothing objective of the pension benefits: theoretical insights 162

3 Variation of pension systems in Belgium and Luxembourg and the implications of social security coordination of old-age pensions 164

4 Methodology 169

4.1 Definitions and discussion of pension replacement rates 170

4.2 Assumptions 172

5 Results of the analysis 173

5.1 Short-term replacement rates 173

5.2 Long-term replacement rates 175

6 Conclusions 177

Acknowledgements 178

References 178

Annex 180

Chapter 8 Do Self-Interest, Ideology and National Context Influence Opinions on Government Support for Childcare for Working Parents? A Multilevel Analysis / Wouter De Tavernier Tavernier, Wouter De 181

1 Introduction 182

2 Theoretical framework 182

2.1 Attitudes toward welfare states 182

2.2 Social care regime typologies 185

3 Data and method 186

4 Results 188

5 Conclusion 197

6 Limitations 201

References 202

Chapter 9 Individual Attitudes Towards Welfare States Responsibility for the Elderly / Nathalie Schuerman Schuerman, Nathalie 205

1 Introduction 205

2 Theoretical framework 207

2.1 Individual level 207

2.1.1 Self-interest predictors 208

2.1.2 Ideational variables 209

2.1.3 Perceived living conditions 210

2.2 Country level 211

3 Data, methodology and operationalisation 212

3.1 Data 212

3.2 Variables 212

3.2.1 Dependent variable 213

3.2.2 Explanatory variables 213

3.2.2.1 Individual level 213

3.2.2.2 Country level 213

3.3 Methodology 214

4 Results 215

4.1 Univariate analyses 215

4.2 Multilevel analyses 216

5 Conclusion and discussion 222

6 Future research and policy implications 223

Acknowledgements 223

References 224

Annex 226

Rejoinder: Is Intergenerational Solidarity under Pressure? Comparative Analyses of Age Cleavages in Opinions about Government Support for the Young and the Old / Tim Reeskens Reeskens, Tim, Wim van Oorschot Oorschot, Wim van 229

1 Introduction 230

2 Age and opinions on welfare provision for the young and the old 231

2.1 An "age war" in Europe? 231

2.2 Mechanisms and contexts 232

2.2.1 Individual-level mechanisms 233

2.2.2 National contexts 234

3 Data and methodology 235

3.1 Data 235

3.2 Dependent variables 235

3.3 Independent variable 236

3.4 Individual-level intermediary variables 236

3.5 National-level moderators 238

3.6 Methodology 238

4 Results 239

4.1 Support levels and age cleavages 239

4.2 Mediation analyses 241

4.3 Explaining cross-national differences in age cleavages 245

5 Conclusion 247

References 248

Annex 250.

Notes:

Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Jan 2018).

Other Format:

Print version:

ISBN:

9781780685656

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Restricted for use by site license.