Soft X-ray optics / Eberhard Spiller.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Spiller, Eberhard, author.

Contributor:

Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Series:

SPIE monograph ; PM15.

SPIE Press monograph ; PM15

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

X-ray optics.

Resolution (Optics).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (x, 278 pages) : illustrations, digital file.

Place of Publication:

Bellingham, Wash. : SPIE, [1994]

System Details:

text file

Summary:

This text describes optics mainly in the 10 to 500 angstrom wavelength region. These wavelengths are 50 to 100 times shorter than those for visible light and 50 to 100 times longer than the wavelengths of medical x rays or x-ray diffraction from natural crystals. There have been substantial advances during the last 20 years, which one can see as an extension of optical technology to shorter wavelengths or as an extension of x-ray diffraction to longer wavelengths. Artificial diffracting structures like zone plates and multilayer mirrors are replacing the natural crystals of x-ray diffraction. Some of these structures can now be fabricated to have diffraction-limited resolution. The new possibilities are described in a simple, tutorial way.

Contents:

Preface

1. Introduction

1.1. References

2. Optical constants

2.1. Refractive index of a free electron gas

2.2. Data for optical constants

2.3. Neutron optics

2.4. References

3. Reflection from a single boundary

3.1. Fresnel equations

3.2. The standing wave generated by a reflector

3.3. Waveguides and whispering gallery mirrors

3.4. A simplified description of reflection

3.5. References

4. Imaging systems for X rays

4.1. Reflecting imaging elements with amplitude addition

4.2. Reflecting imaging elements with intensity addition

4.3. Image field for reflectors. 4.3.1. Stepped mirrors

4.4. X-ray lenses

4.5. References

5. Information capacity of a radiation field

5.1. Modes, coherence conditions, uncertainty relations

5.2. Contrast of interference fringes

5.3. Intensity fluctuations

5.4. Photon statistics

5.5. Image reconstruction in three dimensions

5.6. Image reconstruction in two dimensions

5.7. References

6. Zone plates

6.1. Zone plate geometry

6.2. Wavelength tuning of zone plates

6.3. Zone plate efficiency

6.4. Zone plate fabrication

6.5. Generalized zone plate structures

6.6. References

7. Interference in thin films: theory

7.1. Rigorous theories

7.2. Kinematical theory (vector model) and Fourier transforms

7.3. Imperfect boundaries

7.4. Superlattices

7.4.1. Reflection from tilted planes

7.5. Computer programs

7.6. References.

8. Design of multilayer structures

8.1. Standing waves in a coating

8.2. High-reflectivity

8.2.1. Mirrors with increased bandwidth

8.3. Fabry-Perot resonators and waveguide modes

8.4. Beamsplitters and polarizers

8.5. Multilayer coatings for neutrons

8.6. References

9. Multilayer Fabrication

9.1. Deposition methods

9.2. Material selection

9.3. Performance of multilayer systems

9.4. Substrates

9.5. References

10. Test of multilayer structures

10.1 In-situ monitoring

10.2 Soft x-ray reflectivity

10.3 Hard x-ray reflectivity

10.4 Scattering

10.5 Characterization by microscopy

10.6 References

11. Windows and filters

11.1. References

12. Applications of soft X-Ray optics

12.1. Spectroscopy

12.2. Multilayer gratings

12.3. High-resolution imaging

12.4. Astronomy

12.5. X-ray microscopy

12.6. X-ray lithography

12.7. References

13. Appendix

13.1. Conferences

13.2. Optical constants of elements for A=1.54 A

13.3. Example for the analysis of reflectivity curves

13.4. References

Index.

Notes:

"SPIE digital library."

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9780819481238

OCLC:

606700533

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.