Optical design of microscopes / George Seward.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Seward, George, author.

Contributor:

Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

Series:

Tutorial texts in optical engineering ; TT88.

Tutorial texts in optical engineering ; v. TT88

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Microscopes.

Optics.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (xiii, 243 pages) : illustrations, digital file.

Place of Publication:

Bellingham, Wash. : SPIE, 2010.

System Details:

Mode of access: World Wide Web.

text file

Summary:

Knowledge of microscope design is rapidly becoming more important. Microscopes are used in critical applications such as drug development, clinical tests, and genomics. Considerable expertise is required for the evaluation, design, and manufacture of these instruments. Several subsystems must be integrated: the source, the illumination optics, the specimen, the objective lens, the tube optics, and the sensor. The large numerical aperture of a microscope is essential for small spot size and high brightness; however, the large numerical aperture also presents difficult issues in optical design and fabrication. This book provides a foundation for developing design expertise through education, practice, and exploration. It is suitable for lens designers, optical engineers, and students with a basic knowledge of microscope structure.

Contents:

Preface

Chapter 1. Optical design concepts.

1.1. A value proposition

1.2. Specimen model

1.3. Detector parameters

1.4. Numerical aperture

1.5. Wave propagation

1.6. Geometric aberrations

1.7. Image contrast

1.8. Manufacturing

1.9. Assembly

Chapter 2. Basic microscope concepts

2.1. Magnification

2.2. Accommodation

2.3. Finite tube length

2.4. Infinity-corrected objective

2.5. Tube lens

2.6. Ocular lens

2.7. Refractive objects

2.8. Diffractive objects

2.9. Dark field

Chapter 3. Basic geometric optics

3.1. Ray tracing

3.2. Cardinal points

3.3. Stops

3.4. Gaussian lens formula

3.5. Image types

3.6. Optical power

3.7. Paraxial optics

3.8. Relay lens

3.9. Magnifier

Chapter 4. Aberrations.

4.1. Seidel aberrations

4.2. Chromatic aberrations

4.3. Other aberrations

4.4. Aspheric surfaces

Chapter 5. Basic physical optics

5.1. Importance of physical optics

5.2. Wave equation

5.3. Refractive index

5.4. Dispersion

5.5. Refraction and reflection

5.6. Emission

5.7. Absorption

5.8. Evanescent field

5.9. Space-angle product

5.10. Coherence

5.11. Airy pattern

5.12. Gaussian beam propagation

5.13. Transfer functions

5.14. Gaussian estimate of airy pattern

5.15. Scatter

5.16. Interference filters

Chapter 6. Fluorescence

6.1. Absorption Parameters

6.2. Electron States

6.3. Energy Diagrams

6.4. Fluorophores.

Chapter 7. Optical design metrics

7.1. CAD tools

7.2. Wavefront error

7.3. Ray-intercept plot

7.4. Spot diagram

7.5. Point-spread plot

7.6. Encircled-energy plot

7.7. Modulation transfer function

7.8. Edge spread

7.9. Lens report

7.10. Relative illumination

7.11. Surface-form error

7.12. Manufacturing standards

Chapter 8. Image contrast

8.1. Radiometry

8.2. Expression of contrast

8.3. Shot noise

8.4. Emittance patterns

8.5. Angular collection efficiency

8.6. Spatial collection efficiency

8.7. Full-pixel contrast

8.8. Subpixel contrast

8.9. Point-source contrast

8.10. Full-pixel airy contrast

Chapter 9. microlens formats

9.1. 10XR double Gauss

9.2. 10XR microlens

9.3. 2XR microlens

9.4. 1X microlens

9.5. 2XR telecentric spectroscopy lens

Chapter 10. Illumination systems

10.1. Condenser

10.2. Abbe illumination

10.3. Nelson illumination

10.4. Diffusers

10.5. Köhler illumination

10.6. Matched stops

10.7. Light-emitting diodes

10.8. Aspheric plus singlet relay

10.9. Achromatic aspheric plus doublet relay

10.10. Abbe condenser

10.11. Abbe aspheric

10.12. Total internal reflection fluorescence illumination

Chapter 11. Cover strata

11.1. Importance of specimen tolerance

11.2. Perfect 10X for air

11.3. 10X objective with cover glass in place of air

11.4. 10X objective with microscope slide in place of air

11.5. 40X objective with silica cover in place of glass

11.6. 40X objective with tilted cover glass

11.7. 60X objective with silica cover in place of glass

11.8. Strehl ratio versus optical path length.

Chapter 12. Objective lenses

12.1. Formats

12.2. Aplanatic surface

12.3. 10X Plan achromat

12.4. 40X Fluor

12.5. 60X Immersion TIRF

12.6. 100X Aplanat

12.7. 10X Schwarzschild

12.8. 20X Internal parabola

Chapter 13. Tube elements

13.1. Doublet tube lens

13.2. Doublet-pair tube lens

13.3. Filter types

13.4. Filter within a finite conjugate distance

13.5. Warped filter within an infinity correction

Chapter 14. Ocular lenses

14.1. Eyepiece

14.2. Pupils

14.3. Kellner ocular

14.4. Plössl ocular

14.5. Erfle ocular

Chapter 15. Sensors

15.1. CCD sensors

15.2. Active pixel sensors

15.3. Photomultiplier tubes

15.4. Film

Chapter 16. Human vision

16.1. Physiology

16.2. Contrast sensitivity function

16.3. Point spread of a lens

16.4. Lateral inhibition of the retina

16.5. Temporal feedback of photoreceptors

16.6. Saccation point spread

16.7. Vision research

16.8. Temporal contrast sensitivity function.

Chapter 17. Optical materials

17.1. Glass types

17.2. Glass map

17.3. Fluorite

17.4. Short flint

17.5. Anomalous dispersion

17.6. Sellmeier formula

17.7. Environmentally safe glass

17.8. Glass code

17.9. Spectral lines

17.10. Cost of optics

17.11. Structural materials

Chapter 18. Composition and spectra of materials

18.1. Glass structure

18.2. Crown

18.3. Flint

18.4. Long crown

18.5. Short flint

18.6. Short-flint special

18.7. Environmentally safe short flint

18.8. Dense Flint

Chapter 19. Advanced concepts

19.1. Wave equation

19.2. Refractive index

19.3. Relative partial dispersion

19.4. Emission

19.5. Coherence

19.6. Gaussian beam power

19.7. Transfer functions

19.8. Scatter

19.9. Interference filters

19.10. Shot noise

Appendix: Prescriptions

Works consulted

Recommended reading

References

Index.

Notes:

"SPIE digital library."

Includes bibliographical references (pages 229-236) and index.

Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 28, 2010).

ISBN:

9780819480965

OCLC:

646251912

Access Restriction:

Restricted for use by site license.