The emergence of subjectivity in the ancient and medieval world : an interpretation of western civilization / Jon Stewart.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Stewart, Jon (Jon Bartley), author.

Contributor:

Albert C. Baugh Book Fund.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Subjectivity--History.

Subjectivity.

History.

Self (Philosophy)--History.

Self (Philosophy).

Genre:

History.

Physical Description:

xiv, 399 pages ; 24 cm

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2020.

Contents:

1 The Epic of Gilgamesh p. 19

1.1 The Initial Description of Gilgamesh and Uruk p. 23

1.2 Enkidu and the Story of the Fall p. 25

1.3 The Battle with Humbaba p. 29

1.4 The Death of Enkidu and the Nature of the Gods p. 32

1.5 Gilgamesh's Journey p. 35

1.6 The Flood p. 38

1.7 Immortality Lost p. 41

1.8 The Mesopotamians' Pessimistic World-View p. 43

1.9 Nature, Civilization, and Human Agency p. 44

2 The Hebrew Bible: Genesis and the Book of Job p. 47

2.1 The Creation: The Conception of God p. 51

2.2 The Creation: The Conception of Human Beings p. 55

2.3 The Fall p. 57

2.4 The Flood p. 60

2.5 The Tower of Babel p. 62

2.6 The Problem of Justice in Job p. 65

2.7 The Pessimistic World-View in Job p. 68

2.8 The Legal Metaphor in Job p. 70

2.9 The Incongruities in the Work p. 71

2.10 The Protest against the Gods p. 73

2.11 The Limited Conception of Individuality p. 74

3 Homer's Odyssey p. 77

3.1 The Story and Structure of the Odyssey p. 79

3.2 Odysseus and Kalypso p. 81

3.3 The Lotus-Eaters p. 86

3.4 The Cyclops p. 90

3.5 Circe p. 95

3.6 The Underworld p. 98

3.7 The Sirens p. 104

3.8 The Warrior Ethic p. 106

3.9 The Greek View of Human Nature p. 108

4 Herodotus' Histories p. 110

4.1 Scholarly History Versus Mythology p. 112

4.2 The Story of Gyges p. 116

4.3 Solon and Croesus p. 118

4.4 The Relativity of Values p. 122

4.5 The Story of Polycrates and Nemesis p. 125

4.6 The Debate about the Best Form of Government p. 127

4.7 Xerxes' Plans to Invade Greece p. 130

4.8 Xerxes at the Hellespont p. 132

4.9 Justice as a Matter of Balance p. 135

5 Sophocles' Oedipus the King p. 139

5.1 The Search for Knowledge p. 141

5.2 Self-Knowledge and the Riddle of the Sphinx p. 147

5.3 Natural Law Versus Relativism p. 149

5.4 Human Agency and Culpability p. 152

5.5 The Inevitability of Fate p. 154

5.6 Greek Ethics p. 156

5.7 Judging the Human Condition p. 158

5.8 The Unquestioned Value of Science and Knowledge p. 159

5.9 Fate and the Good Life p. 159

6 Thucydides' History of the Peloponnesian War p. 163

6.1 Thucydides Goal and Method p. 165

6.2 Pericles' Funeral Oration p. 170

6.3 The Plague in Athens p. 175

6.4 The Political Repercussions for Pericles p. 178

6.5 The Revolt in Corcyra p. 180

6.6 The Melian Dialogue p. 183

6.7 Human Nature and Ethics p. 187

7 Plato's Gorgias and Apology p. 189

7.1 The Gorgias: Callicles' Argument p. 191

7.2 Socrates' Refutation of the Arguments of Callicles p. 195

7.3 A Mythological View of Judgment and Life after Death p. 197

7.4 Socrates' Divine Mission p. 201

7.5 Socrates, the Gods, and the Daimon p. 204

7.6 Socrates' Defense of Philosophy p. 206

7.7 Socrates as the Gadfly of Athens p. 209

7.8 Socrates on the Nature of Death and a New Conception of the Self p. 211

7.9 The New Role of Subjectivity p. 213

8 Aristotle's Politics p. 216

8.1 Introduction to the Politics p. 218

8.2 The Nature of Human Beings and the State p. 220

8.3 The Institution of Slavery p. 223

8.4 The Other Relations of the Household p. 226

8.5 Political Science and the Forms of Government p. 227

8.6 Democracy and Oligarchy p. 228

8.7 The Best Form of Government p. 230

8.8 The Limitations of Empiricism p. 233

8.9 Aristotle's Refutation of the Split between Nature and Law p. 234

9 Virgil's Aeneid p. 236

9.1 The Fall of Troy p. 238

9.2 Dido p. 242

9.3 The Struggle Between Duty and Inclination p. 245

9.4 Tartarus and the Question of Divine Justice p. 248

9.5 Elysium p. 251

9.6 Anchises' Anticipation of Roman History p. 254

9.7 The Shield of Aeneas p. 256

9.8 The Discovery of Inwardness p. 259

10 Seneca's Moral Letters p. 261

10.1 Introduction to Seneca's Moral Letters p. 264

10.2 Living According to Nature p. 266

10.3 The Retreat to the Inward Sphere p. 268

10.4 The Cultivation of the Inward Virtues p. 271

10.5 Stoic Indifference and Self-Sufficiency p. 273

10.6 The Stoic Conception of God and Human Beings p. 277

10.7 Seneca's Conception of Equality p. 278

10.8 Providence and Divine Justice p. 280

10.9 Seneca's Modern Relevance p. 283

11 The New Testament: Matthew p. 286

11.1 Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew p. 289

11.2 Criticism of the Greco-Roman Warrior Ethic p. 292

11.3 The Inversion of Values p. 294

11.4 The Development of Inwardness p. 297

11.5 Christianity and Judaism p. 299

11.6 Jesus' Miracles: The Relation to Nature p. 301

11.7 The Notion of Offense p. 305

11.8 The Messiah and the Kingdom of Heaven p. 307

11.9 Nietzsche's Criticism of Christian Ethics p. 309

12 Augustine's City of God p. 312

12.1 Augustine and Virgil p. 314

12.2 The Fall of Rome and the Gods p. 316

12.3 Augustine's Philosophy of History p. 318

12.4 A New Conception of Ethics and the Expansion of Sinfulness p. 319

12.5 A New Conception of the Origin of Evil p. 320

12.6 Augustine's Theodicy p. 322

12.7 The Prohibition of Suicide p. 324

12.8 Augustine's Critical Evaluation of Roman Decadence p. 325

12.9 The Struggle for Meaning p. 327

13 Dante's Inferno p. 330

13.1 Dante's Hell and the Underworlds of Homer and Virgil p. 333

13.2 The Beginning of the Work p. 334

13.3 Divine Justice p. 337

13.4 Divine Punishment p. 338

13.5 The Changed Role of Pity p. 340

13.6 The Virtuous Pagans p. 342

13.7 The Changed Role of the Body p. 344

13.8 A New Role for Odysseus p. 348

13.9 Understanding the Role of Humans in the Universe p. 350

14 The Dialectic of the Ancient and Modern Principles: Homer and the Internet p. 352

14.1 Content and Form in the Notion of Subjectivity p. 353

14.2 Alienation p. 356

14.3 The Modern Struggle to Establish Self-Identity p. 359

14.4 Narcissism and Overcoming the Limitations of Time and Space p. 361

14.5 The Creation of Illusory Identities and the Erosion of the Other p. 365

14.6 The Rise of Relativism and the Disappearance of Truth p. 368

14.7 The Perceived Threat and the Creation of the Opposite Principle p. 371

14.8 The Need for a Balance p. 373.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Albert C. Baugh Book Fund.

ISBN:

9780198854357

0198854358

OCLC:

1120150882

Publisher Number:

99984970658