Urban pollution : science and management / edited by Susanne Charlesworth, Colin Booth.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Charlesworth, Susanne, editor.

Booth, Colin (Colin A.), editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Urban pollution.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (468 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey ; Chichester, West Sussex, England : Wiley Blackwell, 2019.

Summary:

Multidisciplinary treatment of the urgent issues surrounding urban pollution worldwide Written by some of the top experts on the subject in the world, this book presents the diverse, complex and current themes of the urban pollution debate across the built environment, urban development and management continuum. It uniquely combines the science of urban pollution with associated policy that seeks to control it, and includes a comprehensive collection of international case studies showing the status of the problem worldwide. Urban Pollution: Science and Management is a multifaceted collection of chapters that address the contemporary concomitant issues of increasing urban living and associated issues with contamination by offering solutions specifically for the built environment. It covers: the impacts of urban pollution; historical urban pollution; evolution of air quality policy and management in urban areas; ground gases in urban environments; bioaccessibility of trace elements in urban environments; urban wastewater collection, treatment, and disposal; living green roofs; light pollution; river ecology; greywater recycling and reuse; containment of pollution from urban waste disposal sites; bioremediation in urban pollution mitigation; air quality monitoring; urban pollution in China and India; urban planning in sub-Saharan Africa and more. * Deals with both the science and the relevant policy and management issues * Examines the main sources of urban pollution * Covers both first-world and developing world urban pollution issues * Integrates the latest scientific research with practical case studies * Deals with both legacy and emerging pollutants and their effects The integration of physical and environmental sciences, combined with social, economic and political sciences and the use of case studies makes Urban Pollution: Science and Management an incredibly useful resource for policy experts, scientists, engineers and those interested in the subject.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Dedication

Contents

List of Contributors

Chapter 1 Insights and Issues into the Impacts of Urban Pollution

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Examples of Urban Pollution

1.2.1 Air Pollution in London, United Kingdom

1.2.2 Air Pollution in Bhopal, India

1.2.3 Water Pollution in London, United Kingdom

1.2.4 Water Pollution in Minamata, Japan

1.2.5 Soil Pollution in Missouri, United States

1.3 Structure of This Book

1.4 Conclusions

References

Chapter 2 Historical Urban Pollution

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Historical Pollution Monitoring using Environmental Archives

2.3 Ancient Air Pollution

2.4 Industrial Revolution

2.4.1 Case Study: Chemicals in Merseyside, NW England

2.5 Twentieth‐Century Urban Pollution

2.5.1 Coal Consumption and the Rise of Urban Smog

2.5.2 Case Study: London Smog 1952

2.5.3 Post‐1950 Urban Pollution - A Complex Signal

2.6 Industrial Emissions

2.6.1 Metals

2.6.2 Persistent Organic Pollutants

2.7 Transport

2.7.1 Road Transport

2.7.2 Air Transport

2.8 Conclusions

Chapter 3 Evolution of Air Quality Policy and Management in Urban Areas

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Sources of Urban Air Pollution

3.3 Health Implications of Urban Air Pollution

3.4 Historical Context of Air Quality Policy and Management

3.4.1 Towards Modern Air Quality Management in Europe

3.4.2 Towards Modern Air Quality Management in the United Kingdom

3.5 Future Urban Challenges

3.5.1 Current Vehicle Emission Factors

3.5.2 Vehicle Fleet Dynamics

3.5.3 Human Behaviour

3.5.4 Environmental Justice

3.6 Conclusions

Chapter 4 UK and EU Water Policy as an Instrument of Urban Pollution

Acronyms used in This Chapter

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Determining Water Quality

4.3 UK Water Policy.

4.3.1 The EU Water Framework Directive

4.3.2 Drinking Water Standards

4.3.3 Regulations to Protect Groundwater

4.3.4 Road Run‐Off and the Development of Run‐Off Specific Thresholds

4.3.5 Heavily Modified Waterbodies and Artificial Waterbodies

4.4 Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS)

4.4.1 Run‐Off Destination

4.4.1.1 Discharge into the Ground

4.4.1.2 Discharge to a Surface Waterbody

4.4.1.3 Discharge to a Surface Water Sewer or Local Highway Drain

4.4.1.4 Discharge to a Combined Sewer

4.4.1.5 Effective Treatment

4.4.1.6 Infiltration into the Ground

4.4.1.7 Surface Waterbody

4.4.2 Rainwater Harvesting

4.5 European Policy

4.5.1 The Water Framework Directive

4.5.2 Drinking Water

4.5.3 Groundwater

4.5.4 Treatment of Urban Wastewater

4.6 The Future

4.6.1 Water Quality and Climate Change

4.6.2 Potential Impacts of Brexit: Britain's Exit from the European Union

4.7 Conclusions

Chapter 5 Soil Quality and Policy

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Soil Pollutants and Their Sources

5.3 Consequences of Urban Soil Pollution

5.3.1 Heavy Metals

5.3.1.1 Sources

5.3.1.2 Characterisation

5.3.1.3 Health Risks

5.3.2 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

5.3.2.1 Health Risks

5.3.3 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

5.3.3.1 Health Risk

5.3.4 Dioxins

5.3.4.1 Health Risks

5.3.5 Platinum Group Elements

5.3.6 Rare Earth Elements

5.3.7 Particulate Matter

5.4 Soils Legislation

5.4.1 The European Strategy for Soil Protection

5.4.2 EU Legislation Related to Soil Contamination

5.4.3 UK Soils Legislation

5.4.3.1 Current UK Soils Legislatio

5.4.3.2 Planning Policy

5.5 Conclusions

Chapter 6 Ground Gases in Urban Environments - Sources and Solutions

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 Landfill Gas

6.1.2 Mine Workings.

6.1.3 Minor Sources of Ground Gas

6.2 The Biochemistry of Ground Gas Production

6.2.1 Landfill Gas

6.2.2 Natural Materials Producing Ground Gas

6.2.3 Radon

6.3 Ground Gas Monitoring and Risk Assessment

6.3.1 Desk Top Study

6.3.2 Intrusive Investigation

6.3.2.1 Monitoring Gas in Wells

6.3.2.2 Monitoring Instruments

6.3.3 Risk Assessment Process

6.3.4 Methane and Carbon Dioxide

6.3.4.1 Low‐Rise Housing with Ventilated Underfloor Void (Min 150 mm)

6.3.4.2 All Other Developments

6.5 Other Approaches

6.6 Passive Barriers and Subfloor Ventilation

6.6.1 The Effect of Development on Ground Gases

6.6.2 Primary Receptor Protection - Ventilation Layer

6.6.3 Secondary Protection - Low‐Permeability Membranes

6.7 Practical Examples of Gas Protection Details

6.7.1 Quality Assurance, Verification, and Integrity Testing

6.8 Pathway Interception Systems for Receptor Protection and Control of Historic Sources

6.9 Examples of Other Techniques and Solutions: Biodegradation of Gaseous Pollutants

6.10 Conclusion

Chapter 7 Insights and Issues of Trace Elements Found in Street and Road Dusts

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Sources of Street and Road Dusts

7.2.1 Characteristics of Atmospheric Diffuse Sources

7.2.2 Point Sources of Particulates and Pollutants to Street and Road Dust

7.2.2.1 Sources Associated with Traffic

7.2.2.2 Domestic Heating, Coal, and Oil Combustion

7.2.2.3 Resuspension of Soil and Street Dust Particles

7.2.2.4 Other Urban Sources

7.3 House Dust

7.4 Urban Soil

7.5 Urban Geochemical Cycles

7.6 Conclusions

Chapter 8 Bioaccessibility of Trace Elements in Urban Environments

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Analytical Protocols

8.3 Bioaccessibility and Urban Environments

8.3.1 Bioaccessibility in Urban Soil.

8.3.2 Lung Bioaccessibility

8.4 Bioaccessibility and Human Health Risk Assessment

8.5 Conclusions

Chapter 9 The Necessity for Urban Wastewater Collection, Treatment, and Disposal

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Wastewater Collection in Developed Countries

9.3 Wastewater Treatment and Disposal in Developed Countries

9.4 Sludge Treatment and Disposal in Developed Countries

9.5 WASH in Developing Countries

9.6 Conclusions

Chapter 10 Living Green Roofs

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Increasing Urbanisation: Urban Growth

10.3 Increasing Urbanisation: Soil, Water, and Air Pollution

10.3.1 Soil Pollution

10.3.2 Water Pollution

10.3.3 Air Pollution

10.4 Urban Heat Islands and Human Health

10.5 Green Roof Options

10.6 Case Study: University of Technology, Sydney, Food‐Producing Roof and Urban Pollution

10.7 Conclusions and Next Steps

Chapter 11 Light Pollution

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Environmental and Health Effects of Light Pollution

11.3 How to Reduce Light Pollution

11.4 The example of the Italian Regional Laws

11.5 Conclusions

Chapter 12 The Role of Forensic Science in the Investigation and Control of Urban Pollution

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Types of Urban Pollutants

12.3 Stages in the Forensic Investigation of Urban Pollution

12.4 Methods Used to Identify Sources of Pollutants

12.5 Conclusions

Chapter 13 River Ecology and Urban Pollution

13.1 Introduction

13.2 History of River Ecology Monitoring

13.2.1 Macroinvertebrates

13.2.2 Macrophytes

13.2.3 Diatoms

13.2.4 Fish

13.3 Success Stories

13.3.1 Case Study: Love Your Rivers Telford

13.3.2 River Wandle, South West London

13.4 Conclusions

Chapter 14 Urban Meadows on Brownfield Land

14.1 Introduction.

14.2 Creating Flower‐Rich Meadows

14.3 Brownfield Soils for Meadow Creation

14.4 Management of Created Meadows

14.5 Opportunities for Urban Meadow Creation

14.6 Conclusions

Chapter 15 Urban Pollution and Ecosystem Services

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Ecosystem Services (ES), the Ecosystem Approach, and Ecosystem Service Valuation

15.3 Urban Impacts on ES

15.4 ES and Urban Pollution in the UK Legislative Context

15.5 Enhancing Urban ES to Mitigate Urban Pollution

15.6 Conclusions

Chapter 16 Greywater Recycling and Reuse

16.1 Introduction

16.2 The Ubiquitous Nature of Pollutants in Wastewater from Baths, Showers, and Handbasins

16.3 The Quality of Untreated Greywater and Its Water Resource Value

16.4 Greywater Terminologies Used in this Chapter

16.5 Pollutants in Untreated Greywater

16.6 Standardising Greywater Treatment Systems: Removing and Minimising Pollutant Concentrations

16.7 Managing the Environmental Characteristics, Applications, and Urban Uses of Treated Greywater

16.8 University of Reading's 2016 Experimental Irrigation of Sedum using Treated Greywater

16.9 Soil Results Evaluated during Irrigation using Greywater Constituents

16.10 Applying the Principles of Controlled Waters to Greywater Discharges for Sustaining Green Infrastructure

16.11 Concluding Comments and Review

Acknowledgements

Chapter 17 Containment of Pollution from Urban Waste Disposal Sites

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Generation of Waste Worldwide

17.3 Waste Management Issues

17.3.1 Sorting, Collection, Reuse, and Recycling

17.3.2 Disposal

17.4 Landfill Liners

17.5 Conclusions

Chapter 18 Mitigating Urban Pollution through Innovative Use of Construction Materials

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Recycled Materials.

18.3 Cement Replacement and Geopolymer‐Based Materials.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781119260509

1119260507

9781119260462

1119260469

9781119260493

1119260493

OCLC:

1041193595