Blandy's urology / edited by Omar Aboumarzouk.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Aboumarzouk, Omar M., editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Urinary organs--Diseases.

Urinary organs.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (884 pages)

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2019.

Summary:

Blandy's Urology, 3rd edition is set to become a classic in its field, the latest edition of one of the most well-loved general urology textbooks for urologists and surgeons alike, successfully combining both general urology and urologic surgery. Its key strength is the unique 'Blandy way' of describing urological diseases and their management, consisting of: * clear, straightforward, uncomplicated descriptions of disease/conditions, includinghundreds ofclinical photos * an abundance of outstanding drawn surgical diagrams to illustrate best technique in the operating theatre * a focus on the most commonly seen problems in the clinic * organization of each topic underanatomical headings Especially loved by urology and surgery trainees for its straightforward approach to the speciality and as a preparation for speciality urology exams, consultants and specialists also value it as a handy refresher tool.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Preface

List of Contributors

Part I

Chapter 1 Armaments in Urology

Chapter 1.1 Principles of Urological Technology

1.1.1 Optics in Urology

1.1.1.1 The Rod-Lens System

1.1.1.2 Fibre-optic Flexible Endoscopes

1.1.2 Surgical Energy

1.1.2.1 Diathermy

1.1.2.2 Contact Diathermy

1.1.2.3 Noncontact Cutting

1.1.3 Dangers

1.1.3.1 Electrocution

1.1.3.2 Fire and Explosion

1.1.3.3 Burns

1.1.3.4 Neuromuscular Stimulation: The 'Obturator Twitch'

1.1.3.5 Pacemakers and Diathermy

1.1.4 Urological Diathermy

1.1.4.1 LigaSure Diathermy

1.1.4.2 Harmonic Scalpel

1.1.5 Lasers in Urology

1.1.5.1 Basis of Energy Generation in LASERs

1.1.5.2 Laser Interface with Tissue

1.1.5.3 Clinical Applications

1.1.5.3.1 Lasers in the Management of Urinary

1.1.5.3.2 Lasers in BPE

1.1.6 Catheters

1.1.6.1 Indications

1.1.6.2 Complications of Catheters

1.1.6.2.1 Treatment

1.1.7 Stents

1.1.7.1 Complications

1.1.8 Guidewires

References

Chapter 1.2 Wound Healing in the Urinary Tract

1.2.1 Introduction

1.2.2 Wound-Healing Process

1.2.3 VascularResponse

1.2.4 Cellular Response

1.2.5 Urinary Tract Healing

1.2.6 Different Methods of Making Surgical Incisions

1.2.7 Von Brunn's Nests and Metaplasia

1.2.8 Squamous Metaplasia

1.2.9 Heterotopic Ossification

1.2.10 Regeneration of Smooth Muscle in the Urinary Tract

1.2.11 Particular Effects of Urine

1.2.11.1 The Presence of Urine Modifies the Normal Process of Healing in the Urinary Tract

1.2.12 Suture Materials, Splints, Meshes, and Films

1.2.12.1 Suture Materials

1.2.12.2 Synthetic Absorbable Suture Materials

1.2.12.3 Meshes

1.2.12.4 Injectable Agents

Chapter 1.3 Simulation in Urology

1.3.1 Introduction.

1.3.2 History of Simulationin Medicine

1.3.3 Simulation Modalities

1.3.4 Simulation in Urology

1.3.5 Endourology Simulation

1.3.6 Laparoscopy Simulation

1.3.7 Robotic Surgery Simulation

1.3.8 Nontechnical Skills Simulation

1.3.9 Simulation Training Curriculums

1.3.10 Assessment of Trainees

1.3.11 Future of Simulation

Chapter 2 Principles of Medical Statistics

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Descriptive Statistics

2.2.1 Qualitative or Categorical Data

2.2.2 Quantitative or Numerical Data

2.3 Confidence Intervals

2.4 Significance Tests

2.4.1 What Statistical Test Should Be Used?

2.5 Relationships between Variables

2.5.1 Correlation

2.5.2 Prediction

2.6 Diagnostic Tests

2.7 Study Design

2.7.1 Observational Studies

2.7.2 Experimental Studies

2.7.3 Sample Size

2.8 Number Needed to Treat

2.9 Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis

Chapter 3 Embryology for the Urologist

3.1 Historical Consideration

3.2 Introduction

3.3 Embryology of the Kidneys and Ureters

3.3.1 Relevant Congenital Malformations

3.4 Embryology of the Bladder

3.4.1 Relevant Congenital Malformations

3.5 Embryology of the Indifferent Genital System

3.6 Embryology of the Male Genital System

3.6.1 The Descent of the Testis

3.6.2 Relevant Congenital Malformations

3.7 Embryology of the Prostate

3.8 Embryology of the Penis and Urethra

3.9 Neuter State

3.10 Embryology of the Female Genital System

3.11 Embryology of the Adrenal Gland

Chapter 4 Principles of Urologic Oncology

4.1 The Scope of Urologic Oncology

4.2 Carcinogenesis

4.2.1 Genetics of Cancer

4.2.2 Mitotic Cycle

4.2.3 Genetic Instability of Cancer

4.2.4 Oncogenes and Tumour Suppressor Genes

4.3 Molecular Biology of Cancer Growth

4.3.1 Sustaining Proliferation.

4.3.2 Evading Growth Suppressors

4.3.3 Resisting Cell Death

4.3.4 Enabling Replicative Immortality

4.3.5 Inducing Angiogenesis

4.3.6 Invasion and Metastasis

4.4 Tumour-Promoting Inflammation

4.5 Reprogramming Energy Metabolism

4.6 Evading Immune Destruction

4.7 The Tumour Microenvironment

4.8 The Rate of Cancer Growth

4.9 Principles of Treatment

4.9.1 Diagnosing and Treating Solid Tumours

4.9.2 Estimating Prognosis by Staging, Risk Stratification, and Nomograms

4.9.3 When to Treat and When Not to Treat

4.9.4 Active Surveillance and Watchful Waiting

4.10 Oncologic Surgery

4.10.1 Surgery of the Primary Tumour

4.10.2 General Principles in Tumour Surgery

4.10.3 Regional Lymphadenectomy

4.10.4 Surgery for Metastatic Disease

4.10.5 Radiotherapy

4.10.5.1 Radiosensitivity of the Urogenital Tract

4.10.6 Chemotherapy

4.10.7 Targeted Drugs

4.10.8 Immunotherapy

4.10.9 Radionuclide Treatment

4.10.10 Multimodal Treatment

4.10.11 Interdisciplinary Care and Centralization

Part II

Chapter 5 Kidney and Ureter Anatomy

5.1 Comparative Anatomy

5.1.1 Topographical Anatomy

5.1.2 Anatomical Relations

5.2 Renal Fasciae

5.3 Macroscopic Appearances

5.4 Arterial Supply

5.5 Renal Veins

5.6 Common Vascular and Anatomic Variations

5.7 Lymphatics

5.8 Innervation of the Kidney

5.8.1 The Nephron

5.8.2 The Glomerulus

5.8.3 Renal Papillae, Calyces, and Pelvis

5.8.4 The Ureters

5.8.4.1 The Anatomic Relations of the Ureter

5.8.4.2 The Calibre of the Ureters

5.8.5 Renal Pelvis and Ureteral Blood Supply

5.8.5.1 Ureteral Innervation

5.8.5.2 Renal and Ureteric Pain

Chapter 6 Kidney and Ureter Physiology

6.1 Glomerular Filtration Rate

6.1.1 Disorders of Glomerular Filtration

6.2 Renal Tubules.

6.2.1 Proximal Convoluted Tubules

6.2.2 Loop of Henle

6.2.2.1 The Countercurrent Theory

6.2.3 Distal Convoluted Tubule

6.2.4 Collecting Ducts

6.3 Hormonal Function of the Kidney

6.3.1 Renin

6.3.2 Erythropoietin

6.3.3 Vitamin D

6.4 Special Disorders of Renal Tubules

6.4.1 Hartnup Disease

6.4.2 Fanconi Syndrome

6.4.3 Renal Glycosuria

6.4.4 Renal Tubular Acidosis

6.4.5 Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

6.5 Acid-Base Metabolism

6.6 Obstructive Uropathy

6.7 Ureteric Physiology

6.8 Whitaker Test

Chapter 7 Renal Failure

7.1 Acute Kidney Injury

7.1.1 Definition

7.1.2 Stages of AKI

7.1.3 Classification of AKI

7.1.3.1 Prerenal AKI

7.1.3.2 Intrinsic AKI

7.1.3.3 Postrenal or Obstructive AKI

7.1.4 Clinical Assessment

7.1.4.1 Investigations

7.1.5 Management

7.1.5.1 Early Nephrology Consultation

7.1.5.2 Correction of Prerenal States and Maintenance of Haemodynamic Stability

7.1.5.3 Treatment of Complications

7.1.5.4 Medication Management

7.1.5.5 Other Supportive Care

7.1.5.6 Renal Replacement Therapy

7.2 Chronic Kidney Disease

7.2.1 Clinical Assessment

7.2.2 Complications and Their Management

7.2.2.1 Volume Overload

7.2.2.2 Electrolyte and Acid-Base Imbalances

7.2.2.3 Skin Manifestations

7.2.2.4 Anaemia

7.2.2.5 Neurologic Manifestations

7.2.2.6 Hypertension

7.2.2.7 Mineral Bone Disease

7.2.2.8 Amyloidosis

7.2.2.9 Other Uraemic Features

7.2.3 Renal Replacement Therapy

7.3 Dialysis

7.3.1 Peritoneal Dialysis

7.3.1.1 Complications Associated with PD

7.3.2 Haemodialysis

7.3.2.1 Principles

7.3.2.2 Vascular Access

7.3.2.3 Complications of HD

7.3.3 Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies (CRRT)

7.3.4 Conservative Management

Chapter 8 Renal Transplant.

8.1 The Patients and the Kidneys

8.1.1 Organs for Transplantation

8.1.2 Organ Allocation

8.1.3 Waiting Lists and Preparationof the Recipient

8.1.4 Selecting Donors

8.1.5 Kidneys from Living Donors

8.2 Technique of Removal of Donor Kidneys

8.2.1 Cadaver Donor

8.2.2 Living Donor

8.2.2.1 Preservation of the Kidney

8.2.2.2 Inserting the Kidney

8.2.2.3 Postoperative Complications

8.2.2.4 Delayed Graft Function

8.3 Immunology of Organ Transplantation

8.3.1 The Major Histocompatibility Complex

8.3.2 The Human Leucocyte Antigen System

8.3.3 The ABO Blood Group System

8.3.4 HLA-Typing in Renal Transplantation

8.3.5 Cross-Matching and Preformed Antibodies

8.4 Graft Rejection

8.4.1 Reperfusion Injury

8.4.2 Adaptive Immunity

8.4.3 Antigen Presentation

8.4.4 Types of Immune Response

8.4.5 Migration of Activated Cells

8.4.6 Graft Destruction

8.4.7 Clinical Types of Rejection

8.4.8 Hyperacute Rejection

8.4.9 Acute Rejection

8.4.10 Chronic Rejection

8.5 Immunosuppression

8.5.1 Corticosteroids

8.5.2 Azathioprine

8.5.3 Calcineurin Inhibitors: Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus

8.5.3.1 Cyclosporine

8.5.3.2 Tacrolimus

8.5.4 Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF)

8.5.5 mTOR Inhibitors

8.5.6 Antibodies

8.5.7 Belatacept

8.5.8 Side Effects of Immunosuppression

8.5.9 Immunosuppressive Treatment Regimens

8.5.9.1 Induction Treatment

8.5.9.2 Maintenance Treatment

8.5.10 Treatment of Rejection

8.5.11 Pregnancy after Renal Transplantation

8.5.12 Long-Term Treatment of the Recipient after Renal Transplantation

Chapter 9 Kidney and Ureter: Congenital and Acquired Anomalies

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Congenital Abnormalities of the Kidney

9.2.1 Embryology

9.2.2 Anomalies in Number

9.2.2.1 Supernumerary Kidney.

9.2.2.2 Unilateral Renal Agenesis.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781118863367

1118863364

9781118863244

1118863240

9781118863343

1118863348

OCLC:

1057739685