The biogeochemical cycle of silicon in the ocean / Bernard Quéguiner.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Quéguiner, Bernard, author.

Series:

FOCUS SERIES.

FOCUS SERIES, 2051-249x

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biogeochemical cycles.

Silicon--Environmental aspects.

Silicon.

Ocean--Environmental aspects.

Ocean.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (150 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

London, [England] ; Hoboken, New Jersey : ISTE : Wiley, 2016.

Summary:

In the biogeochemical dynamics of marine ecosystems, silicon is a major element whose role has, for a long time, been underestimated. It is however indispensable to the activity of several biomineralizing marine organisms, some of which play an essential role in the biological pump of oceanic carbon. This book presents notions indispensable to the knowledge on the silicon biogeochemical cycle in ocean systems, first of all describing the main quantitative analysis techniques and examination of the major organisms involved in the cycle. The author then moves on to study the most up-to-date processes to control the use of silicon and its regeneration in natural conditions, before mentioning the central role played by this original element in the control of all the biogeochemical cycles in the global ocean. The available information finally enables the global biogeochemical budget of silicon in the marine environment to be quantified.

Contents:

Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; Preface; 1: The Chemical Forms of Silicon in the Marine Domain; 1.1. The element "silicon"; 1.2. Orthosilicic acid; 1.3. Particulate silicas; 1.3.1. Lithogenic silica; 1.3.2. Biogenic silica; 2: Techniques for Studying Stocks and Fluxes; 2.1. Techniques for the chemical analysis of silicon; 2.1.1. The sequential digestion method; 2.1.2. The extraction kinetics method; 2.1.3. The correction by aluminum method ; 2.2. Techniques for the analysis of silicon fluxes; 2.2.1. Labeling with radioactive isotopes; 2.2.2. Labeling with stable isotopes

2.3. Silica deposit labeling and cellular imaging2.4. Isotopic fractionation of silicon and utilization of δ30 Si as a tracer in oceanography; 2.4.1. Demonstration of the isotopic fractionation by the diatoms; 2.4.2. Utilization of δ30 Si as a tracer in oceanography; 2.4.3. The interest of analyses of the isotopic ratio of silicon; 3: The Marine Producers of Biogenic Silica; 3.1. Radiolarians; 3.2. Silicoflagellates; 3.3. Diatoms; 3.4. Silicification within the scope of nanoplankton and picoplankton; 3.5. Siliceous sponges; 3.6. The functions of biogenic silica

3.7. The evolution of the siliceous organisms and the oceanic cycle of the silicon3.8. Sedimentary opal deposits; 4: Cellular Mechanisms of Silica Deposition by Diatoms; 4.1. Influence of orthosilicic acid availability on uptake and diatom growth; 4.1.1. General formulations and kinetics information; 4.2. The chemical form of dissolved Si available for diatoms; 4.2.1. The model of Riedel and Nelson [RIE 85]; 4.2.2. The model of Del Amo and Brzezinski; 4.2.3. The membrane transporters; 4.3. Cellular mechanisms of orthosilicic acid uptake

4.4. Intervention of specific proteins in the deposition mechanism4.4.1. The Hecky et al. conceptual model; 4.4.2. Frustulins and silaffins; 4.4.3. Frustule synthesis, a complex physiological process; 4.5. The stoichiometric ratios Si/C/N of diatoms; 4.5.1. Stoichiometry in diatoms and limitation by iron; 4.5.2. The influence of trace metals on the uptake of orthosilicic acid; 5: Dissolution of Biogenic Silica and Orthosilicic Acid Regeneration; 5.1. Reactivity of the particulate silica and dissolution constants; 5.2. Processes of control of the dissolution in aqueous phase

5.2.1. Variation of the solubility of opal with depth5.2.2. Influence of pH; 5.2.3. Role of temperature; 5.2.4. Relationship with bacterial degradation process; 5.2.5. Influence of aluminum concentration; 5.3. The solubility of opal in natural conditions; 6: The Control of Biogeochemistry by Silicon at Global Scale; 6.1. The preservation of calcite in ocean sediments; 6.1.1. Control of alkalinity by organic production; 6.1.2. The CaCO3/Corg ratio (rain ratio); 6.1.3. The distribution of orthosilicic acid in the Global Ocean; 6.2. The central role of the Southern Ocean

6.2.1. Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW)

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed July 8, 2016).

ISBN:

9781119136903

1119136903

9781119136897

111913689X

9781119136880

1119136881

OCLC:

951975643