Unmanned aircraft systems / Ella Atkins, Anibal Ollero, Antonios Tsourdos.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Atkins, Ella, author.

Ollero, A., author.

Tsourdos, Antonios, author.

Standardized Title:

Unmanned aircraft systems (John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Drone aircraft--Control systems.

Drone aircraft.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (728 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Chichester, [England] : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016.

Summary:

UNMANNED AIRCRAF T SYSTEMS UNMANNED AIRCRAF T SYSTEMS An unmanned aircraft system (UAS), sometimes called a drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot on board??? instead, the UAS can be controlled by an operator station on the ground or may be autonomous in operation. UAS are capable of addressing a broad range of applications in diverse, complex environments. Traditionally employed in mainly military applications, recent regulatory changes around the world are leading to an explosion of interest and wide-ranging new applications for UAS in civil airspace. Covering the design, development, operation, and mission profiles of unmanned aircraft systems, this single, comprehensive volume forms a complete, stand-alone reference on the topic. The volume integrates with the online Wiley Encyclopedia of Aerospace Engineering, providing many new and updated articles for existing subscribers to that work. The chapters cover the following items: * Airframe configurations and design (launch systems, power generation, propulsion) * Operations (missions, integration issues, and airspace access) * Coordination (multivehicle cooperation and human oversight) With contributions from leading experts, this volume is intended to be a valuable addition, and a useful resource, for aerospace manufacturers and suppliers, governmental and industrial aerospace research establishments, airline and aviation industries, university engineering and science departments, and industry analysts, consultants, and researchers.

Contents:

Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Contents

Contributors

Foreword

Preface

Part 1: Introductory

Chapter 1: UAS Uses, Capabilities, Grand Challenges

1 Introduction

2 Uses - Missions and Applications

2.1 Early evolution

2.2 Dull, dirty, and dangerous

2.3 Emergence of civil and commercial applications

3 Emerging Capabilities And A Look Ahead

3.1 Expanding the design space and operational envelope

3.2 Autonomy

4 Grand Challenges Ahead

4.1 Access to the airspace

4.2 The quest for trust

4.3 Integration

5 Summary

References

Part 2: Missions

Chapter 2: Remote Sensing Methodology for Unmanned Aerial Systems

2 UAS Remote Sensing Methodology

3 Core Concepts in UAS Remote Sensing Applications

3.1 Detection/Counting Applications

3.2 Identification/Localization Applications

3.3 Analysis Applications

4 UAS Imaging Equipment

4.1 Video Systems

4.2 Digital Cameras

4.3 Calibrated Digital Imagers

4.3.1 Digital Cameras as Calibrated Imagers

4.3.2 Multispectral and Hyperspectral Imagers

4.3.3 Spectral Sensitivity

5 Conclusion

Chapter 3: Autonomous Parachute-Based Precision Delivery Systems

2 Concept of Operations and Key Requirements

3 Pads Family and Steady-State Performance

4 Modeling

4.1 Governing equations

4.2 Apparent mass and inertia

4.3 PADS aerodynamics

4.4 Effect of the control inputs

4.5 Linearized models and stability

5 Pads Gnc

5.1 Maneuver-based guidance

5.2 Accounting for the variable winds

5.3 Optimal precision placement guidance

6 Other Developments

6.1 Glide slope angle control

6.2 Reduced cost PADS

7 Conclusion

Chapter 4: Networked Multiple UAS

2 Principles of Radio Links

3 Air-to-Ground Communications.

4 Air-to-Air Communications

5 Antenna Types and Locations

5.1 Omnidirectional Antennae

5.2 Directional Antennae

5.3 Phased Arrays

5.4 Antenna Locations

6 UAS Networks

7 Conclusions

Notation

Abbreviations

Chapter 5: Weapons Integration

2 Issues for System Design and Integration

3 Types of Weapon

4 Ballistic Bombs

4.1 Physical Preparation

4.2 Aircraft Attachment

4.3 Targeting

4.4 Release

5 Smart Bombs

5.1 Physical Preparation

5.2 Aircraft Attachment

5.3 Targeting

5.4 Release and Guidance

6 Complex Air-To-Ground Weapons

7 Air-To-Air Missiles

7.1 Aircraft Attachment

7.2 Targeting

7.3 Release and Guidance

7.4 End-Game

8 Releasing Weapons from Weapon Bays

9 Stores Management Systems

10 Weapon Interface Standards

11 Future Systems

Acknowledgments

Related Article

Further Reading

Part 3: Airframe Configurations

Chapter 6: Classes and Missions of UAVs

Acronyms

1 Overview

2 Examples of UAVs

2.1 Very Small UAVs

2.2 Small UAVs

2.3 Medium UAVs

2.4 Large UAVs

3 Expendable UAVs

4 Classes of UAV Systems

4.1 Classification by Range and Endurance

4.2 The Tier System

4.3 Commercial and Consumer UAVs

5 Missions

5.1 Military versus Civilian Missions

6 Conclusion

Chapter 7: Launch of UAVs

2 Basic Considerations

3 UAV Launch Methods for Fixed-Wing Vehicles

3.1 Rail launchers

3.2 Pneumatic launchers

3.3 Hydraulic/pneumatic launchers

3.4 Zero-length RATO launch of UAVs

4 Vertical Takeoff and Landing UAV Launch

5 Air Launch of UAVs

6 Conclusions

Acknowledgment

Reference

Chapter 8: Recovery of UAVs

2 Conventional Landings

3 Vertical Net Systems.

4 Parachute Recovery

5 VTOL UAVs

6 Mid-air Retrieval

7 Shipboard Recovery

8 Conclusions

Chapter 9: Development of Centimeter-Sized Aerial Vehicles

2 Development of a Fixed-Wing UAV

2.1 Overview of Fixed-Wing UAVs' Configuration

2.2 Fixed-Wing UAV Developed in Japan

3 Development of a Rotary-Wing UAV

3.1 Centimeter-Sized Rotary-wing UAVs Developed All Over The World

4 Controller Design of Centimeter-Sized UAV

4.1 Control Theory

4.2 Equipment

4.3 Flight Control Boards MAVCs 1 and 2

5 Wing Characteristics at a Low Reynolds Number and Flight Stability of a Fixed-Wing MAV

Part 4: UAS Design and Subsystems

10: Overview of UAS Control Stations

2 Terminology and Definition

3 Classification

4 Main Design Characteristics

4.1 Architecture

4.2 Main Functions

4.3 Human Factors

4.4 Environmental Conditions

4.5 Certification and Safety

4.6 Interoperability

4.7 Security

5 Future Trends

11: Propulsion Systems

1.1 Propulsion Variants

1.2 Electrification Propulsion Variants

1.3 Soft Methods - Intelligent Power Management and Energy Conservation

2 Conclusions

Notation and Nomenclature

Chapter 12: Power Generation and Energy Management

2 Onboard Energy Sources and Design Implications

2.1 Combustion Engines

2.2 Battery Electric Power

2.3 Solar Power

2.4 Fuel Cells

3 Flight Planning for Energy Management

3.1 Energy-Optimal Flight Speed

3.2 Energy-Optimal Flight Versus Nominal Cruise Speed Flight

3.3 Routing

4 Harvesting Atmospheric Energy

4.1 Autonomous Static Soaring

4.2 Dynamic Soaring

References.

Chapter 13: Control System Mechanization

1 Control Fundamentals of UAS

1.1 UAS and Control Systems

1.2 Types of FCS

1.3 UAS Control Architecture

1.4 UAS Control System Design Consideration

2 UAS Control System Elements

2.1 Sensors and Its Integration

2.2 Actuators

2.3 Flight Control Computer

3 FCS Development Process

3.1 Control System Design

3.2 Software-in-the-Loop Simulation

3.3 Hardware-in-the-Loop Tests

4 Some Practical Issues

4.1 Fail-Safe Procedures for FCS

4.2 Flight Tests and Communication with Control Station

Part 5: Autonomy

Chapter 14: Relative Navigation in GPS-Degraded Environments

2 Relative Navigation Framework

2.1 Relative Front-End Overview

2.2 Global Back-End Overview

2.3 Motivating Scenarios

3 Relative Front End

3.1 Visual Odometry

3.2 Estimation

3.3 Low-level Path Generation and Following

3.4 Control

4 Global Back End

4.1 Pose Graph

4.2 Place Recognition

4.3 Intermittent GPS Integration

4.4 Map Optimization

4.5 High-Level Path Planning

Chapter 15: Target Detection and Mission Planning Based on Pigeon-Inspired Optimization

1 Introdution

2 Pigeon-Inspired Optimization

2.1 Natural Behavior of Pigeons

2.2 Mathematical Model

2.3 The Procedure of Basic PIO

3 PIO for Target Detection

3.1 Problem Formulation

3.2 The Implementation Procedure of SAPIO-Optimized EPF

3.3 Experimental Results

4 PIO for UAV Path Planning

4.1 Path Planning Using PIO

4.2 PP-PIO-Based Three-Dimensional Path Planning

5 Mission Assignment Based on PIO

5.1 Mission Assignment Problem Formulation

5.2 Experimental Results

6 Summary

Chapter 16: Autonomy Architectures

1 Introduction to Autonomy Architectures for UAS.

1.1 Autonomy Levels for UAS

1.2 Overview of Architectures for Autonomous Systems

2 Autonomy Architecture for UAS

2.1 Low-Level Architecture

2.2 High-Level Architecture

3 Example of Autonomy Architecture: The ARCAS Project

3.1 Low-Level ARCAS Architecture

3.2 High-Level ARCAS Architecture

3.3 Example of ARCAS Complex Mission: Assembly Operations

4 Conclusions

Chapter 17: Obstacle Avoidance: Static Obstacles

2 Avoiding Static Obstacles

2.1 Voronoi Diagram

2.2 Cell Decomposition

2.3 Visibility Graph

2.4 Potential Field and Sampling-Based Methods

3 Research on Obstacle Avoidance

4 Avoidance of Static Obstacles

5 Reactive Planning

Chapter 18: Guided Weapon and UAV Navigation and Path-Planning

1 Problems of GPS and INS for Missiles and UAVs

1.1 Global Positioning System (GPS) Navigation

1.2 Inertial Navigation System (INS)

1.3 Inertial Navigation Algorithm

1.4 GPS/INS Integration

2 Principles and Practice of TERPROM and TERCOM

2.1 Aircraft and UAV Path Planning

3 Tactical Missile Guidance Strategies

3.1 CLOS Guidance and Variations

3.2 Proportional Navigation (PN) Guidance

3.3 Miss Distance (MD)

Nomenclature

Chapter 19: Embedded UAS Autopilot and Sensor Systems

2 Autopilot Architecture

3 Inner-Loop Control Structure

3.1 Lateral Autopilot

3.2 Longitudinal Autopilot

4 On-Board Sensors and Sensor Processing

4.1 Angular Rates, Airspeed, and Altitude

4.2 Roll and Pitch Angles

4.3 Inertial Position and Heading

5 GPS Navigation

5.1 Straight-Line Path Following

5.2 Orbit Following

End Notes

Part 6: Control.

Chapter 20: Modeling and Frequency-Domain Parameter Identification of a Small-Scale Flybarless Unmanned Helicopter.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781118866467

1118866460

OCLC:

962411849