Hack audio : an introduction to computer programming and digital signal processing in MATLAB / Eric Tarr.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Tarr, Eric, author.

Series:

Audio Engineering Society presents.

Audio Engineering Society presents

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

MATLAB.

Computer sound processing.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (619 pages).

Edition:

1st edition

Place of Publication:

London : Routledge, 2018.

System Details:

text file

Summary:

Computers are at the center of almost everything related to audio. Whether for synthesis in music production, recording in the studio, or mixing in live sound, the computer plays an essential part. Audio effects plug-ins and virtual instruments are implemented as software computer code. Music apps are computer programs run on a mobile device. All these tools are created by programming a computer. Hack Audio: An Introduction to Computer Programming and Digital Signal Processing in MATLAB provides an introduction for musicians and audio engineers interested in computer programming. It is intended for a range of readers including those with years of programming experience and those ready to write their first line of code. In the book, computer programming is used to create audio effects using digital signal processing. By the end of the book, readers implement the following effects: signal gain change, digital summing, tremolo, auto-pan, mid/side processing, stereo widening, distortion, echo, filtering, equalization, multi-band processing, vibrato, chorus, flanger, phaser, pitch shifter, auto-wah, convolution and algorithmic reverb, vocoder, transient designer, compressor, expander, and de-esser. Throughout the book, several types of test signals are synthesized, including: sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave, triangle wave, impulse train, white noise, and pink noise. Common visualizations for signals and audio effects are created including: waveform, characteristic curve, goniometer, impulse response, step response, frequency spectrum, and spectrogram. In total, over 200 examples are provided with completed code demonstrations.

Contents:

Cover

Half Title

Series Page

Title Page

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Examples

Acknowledgements

1. Introduction

1.1 Introduction: Computer Programming and Digital Signal Processing

1.2 The Purpose of This Book

1.3 Intended Readers

1.4 Topics Covered

1.5 Additional Content

2. Basics of Programming in MATLAB®

2.1 Introduction: Computer Programming in MATLAB

2.2 Programming Languages

2.3 Executed Commands

2.3.1 Error Statements

2.4 Mathematics

2.4.1 Operators

2.4.2 Variables

Variable Naming Rules and Conventions

2.5 Data Types

2.5.1 Numbers

2.5.2 Characters

2.5.3 Strings

String Concatenation

2.6 Arrays

2.6.1 Basic Array Creation

2.6.2 Plotting Arrays

2.7 Mathematical Functions

2.7.1 Plotting Mathematical Functions

2.8 APPENDIX: Additional Plotting Options

2.8.1 Line Specification

Line Color and Style

Line Width

Stem Plot

2.8.2 Axis Labels

2.8.3 Figure Title

2.8.4 Figure Legend

2.8.5 Axis Scale

2.8.6 Axis Dimensions

2.8.7 Multiple Arrays

Multiple Windows

Identical Dimensions

Figure Hold

Subplot

3. Basics of Audio in MATLAB®

3.1 Introduction: Digital Audio Signals

3.2 MATLAB Audio Functions

3.2.1 audioread

3.2.2 sound

3.2.3 audiowrite

3.2.4 audioinfo

3.3 Working with Audio Signals in Arrays

3.3.1 Indexing Arrays

Audio Edit Signal Splice

3.3.2 Array Reversal

3.3.3 Additional Methods to Create Arrays

3.3.4 Array Transposition

3.3.5 Determining Dimensions of Arrays

3.4 Visualizing the Waveform of an Audio Signal

Bibliography

4. MATLAB® Programming Environment

4.1 Introduction: MATLAB Application

4.1.1 Command Window

Execute Multiple Commands

4.1.2 Workspace

Clear the Workspace.

Save and Load Variables in the Workspace

4.1.3 Current Folder

4.2 MATLAB m-Files

4.2.1 Scripts

4.2.2 Commenting Code

4.3 MATLAB Debugging Mode

4.4 MATLAB Help Documentation

5. Logicals and Control Structures in Programming

5.1 Introduction: Controlling the Flow of Execution

5.2 Logical Data Type

5.2.1 Logical Operations

5.2.2 Combining Logical Operators

5.2.3 String Compare

5.3 Types of Control Structures

5.3.1 Conditional Statements

if Statement

else and elseif Statements

switch Statement

Comparison of if and switch Statements

5.3.2 Loops

for Statement

while Statement

Comparison of for and while Statements

5.3.3 Functions

Local Functions

Programmer-Created Documentation

6. Signal Gain and DC Offset

6.1 Introduction: Digital Signal Processing

6.1.1 Element-Wise Processing

6.1.2 Element-Wise Referencing

6.1.3 Block Diagrams

6.2 Scalar Operations with Arrays

6.2.1 Scalar Multiplication: Converting Time Units

6.3 Scalar Multiplication: Signal Gain

6.3.1 Signal Gain Block Diagram

6.3.2 Polarity Inversion

6.3.3 Decibel Scale

Background

Decibel Scale Processing

6.4 Visualizing the Amplitude Change

6.4.1 Input versus Output Characteristic Curve

6.5 Scalar Addition: DC Offset

6.5.1 DC Offset Block Diagram

6.6 Combined Signal Gain and DC Offset

6.7 Amplitude Measurements

6.7.1 Peak Amplitude

6.7.2 Peak-to-Peak Amplitude

6.7.3 Root-Mean-Square Amplitude

RMS Definition

Summation Notation

Full-scale RMS Amplitude

6.7.4 Dynamic Range Crest Factor

6.8 Amplitude Normalization

6.8.1 Peak Normalization

6.8.2 Root-Mean-Square Normalization

Changing the RMS amplitude relative to another signal

7. Introduction to Signal Synthesis

7.1 Introduction: Signal Synthesis.

7.2 Visualizing the Frequency Spectrum of an Audio Signal

7.3 Periodic Signals

7.3.1 Sine Wave

Trigonometric Sine Function

Synthesizing a Sine Wave Signal

Phase Angle of Rotation Over Time

7.3.2 Cosine Function

7.3.3 Square Wave

Square Wave Additive Synthesis

Duty Cycle

7.3.4 Sawtooth Wave

Sawtooth Wave Additive Synthesis

7.3.5 Triangle Wave

Triangle Wave Additive Synthesis

7.3.6 Impulse Train

Impulse Train Additive Synthesis

7.4 Aperiodic Signals

7.4.1 White Noise

8. Digital Summing, Signal Fades, and Amplitude Modulation

8.1 Introduction: Combining Signals

8.1.1 Array Operations with Arrays

8.1.2 Using Array Operations to Combine Signals

8.2 Array Addition: Signal Summing

8.2.1 Addition Block Diagram

8.2.2 Array Subtraction

Subtraction Block Diagram

8.3 Array Multiplication: Ring Modulation

8.4 Array Multiplication: Amplitude Fade

8.4.1 Linear Fade

8.4.2 Exponential Fade

8.4.3 S-Curve Fade

Sine Function S-Curve

8.4.4 Equal-Amplitude and Equal-Power Fades

8.5 Array Multiplication: Amplitude Modulation

8.5.1 Amplitude Modulation Block Diagram

8.5.2 Tremolo

Morphing the LFO from a Triangle Wave to a Square Wave

8.6 Appendix: Transforming Linear Scales

9. Stereo Panning and Mid/Side Processing

9.1 Introduction: Stereo Audio Signals

9.2 Stereo Panning

9.2.1 Panning Functions

Equal-Amplitude and Equal-Power Panning

Functions for -4.5 dB Panning

9.2.2 Rhythmic Auto-Pan Effect

9.3 Mid/Side Processing

9.3.1 Mid/Side Background

9.3.2 Encoding

9.3.3 Decoding

9.3.4 Stereo Image Widening

9.4 Visualizing Stereo Width

9.4.1 Polar Coordinates

9.4.2 Goniometer

10. Distortion, Saturation, and Clipping

10.1 Introduction: Linear and Nonlinear Processing.

10.1.1 Audio Distortion Effects

10.2 Visualizing Nonlinear Processing

10.2.1 Total Harmonic Distortion Plot

Distortion Test Script

10.3 Infinite Clipping

10.3.1 Sine Wave Analysis

10.4 Rectification

10.4.1 Half-Wave Rectification

10.4.2 Full-Wave Rectification

10.5 Hard Clipping

10.6 Soft Clipping

10.6.1 Cubic Distortion

Sine Wave Analysis

10.6.2 Arctangent Distortion

Power Series Approximation of the Arctangent Function

10.6.3 Additional Clipping Functions

Sine Distortion

Exponential Soft Clipping

Piece-Wise Overdrive

Diode Clipping

10.7 Bit reduction

10.7.1 Bit Depth Background

10.7.2 Bit-Reduction Algorithm

10.7.3 Dither Noise

10.8 Harmonic Analysis of Distortion Effects

10.8.1 Even and Odd Mathematical Functions

10.8.2 Asymmetrical Distortion Functions

Including a DC Offset with a Distortion Function

10.9 Parallel Distortion

11. Echo Effects

11.1 Introduction: Systems with Memory

11.2 Delay

11.2.1 Series Delay

11.2.2 Block Diagram Delay Notation

11.3 Converting Delay Time to Samples

11.3.1 Converting Seconds to Samples

11.3.2 Converting Tempo to Samples

11.4 Categorizing Echo Effects

11.4.1 Perceptual Temporal Fusion

11.5 Feedforward Echo

11.5.1 Difference Equation

11.5.2 Multi-Tap Echo

11.6 Feedback Echo

11.6.1 Feedback Gain Convention

11.6.2 Delayed Repetitions

11.6.3 System Stability

11.6.4 Combined Feedforward and Feedback Echo

Output Gain Convention

11.6.5 Stereo Echo

11.6.6 Ping-Pong Echo

11.7 Impulse Response

11.7.1 Finite Impulse Response Systems

11.7.2 Infinite Impulse Response Systems

11.8 Convolution

11.8.1 MATLAB Convolution Function

11.8.2 Mathematical Equation for Convolution

11.8.3 Convolution Reverberation.

11.9 Necessary Requirements for Modeling a System with an Impulse Response and Convolution

11.9.1 Linearity

Examples of Nonlinear Systems

11.9.2 Time Invariance

Examples of Time-Variant Systems

12. Finite Impulse Response Filters

12.1 Introduction: Spectral Processors

12.1.1 Filter Characteristics

12.1.2 Visualizing the Spectral Response of a Filter

12.1.3 Units of Time Delay

12.2 Basic Feedforward Filters

12.2.1 Low-Pass Filter

Basic LPF Impulse Response

12.2.2 High-Pass Filter

Basic HPF Impulse Response

Filter Order

12.3 Additional Feedforward Filters

12.3.1 Comb Filter

Comb Filter Impulse Response

Additional Comb Filters

12.3.2 Band-Pass Filter

BPF Impulse Response

12.3.3 Feed-forward Comb Filter with Gain = -1

12.4 Changing the Relative Gain of a Filter

12.4.1 Changing the Gain of the Delay Line

Generalized Sine Wave Analysis

12.4.2 Normalizing the Overall System Gain

12.5 Generalized Finite Impulse Response Filters

12.5.1 MATLAB FIR Filter Functions

MATLAB fir1 Function

MATLAB fir2 Function

12.6 Changing the Filter Order

12.7 Processing a Signal Using an FIR Filter

12.7.1 Convolution

12.8 Appendix I: Combining Multiple Filters

12.8.1 Series Filters

Series LPF and HPF

Two Series LPFs

12.8.2 Parallel Filters

12.9 Appendix II: Using an FIR Filter to Synthesize Pink Noise

13. Infinite Impulse Response Filters

13.1 Introduction: Filters with Feedback

13.1.1 Spectral Analysis of Filters with Feedback

13.2 Basic Feedback Filters

13.2.1 Negative Feedback

13.2.2 Inverted Comb Filter

13.3 Combined Feedforward and Feedback Filters

13.3.1 All-Pass Filter

Frequency Response of APF

13.3.2 Bi-Quadratic Filter.

13.4 MATLAB IIR Filter Design Functions.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9781351018456

1351018450

9781351018463

1351018469

9781351018449

1351018442

OCLC:

1052405275