Second primary cancers and cardiovascular disease after radiation therapy : recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements / [drafted by Scientific Committee 1-17].

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Scientific Committee 1-17.

Contributor:

Yahalom, Joachim MSKCC.

Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC).

Series:

NCRP report ; no. 170.

NCRP report ; no. 170

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cancer--Etiology.

Cancer.

Cardiovascular system--Diseases.

Cardiovascular system.

Radiation carcinogenesis.

Radiotherapy--Complications.

Radiotherapy.

Health risk assessment.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (398 p.)

Place of Publication:

Bethesda, Md. : National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, [2011]

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Advances in cancer therapy, early detection of cancer, and supportive care have contributed to steady gains in the five year relative survival rate for all cancers considered together, reaching 66.1 % between 1999 to 2006. These successes are associated with a tripling of the number of cancer survivors in the United States since 1971, and the numbers are growing by 2 % each year. As of 2007, there were 12 million men and women in the United States with a history of cancer, representing 3.5 % of the population. Radiation remains a cornerstone of successful cancer treatment, with 50 % of all patients estimated to have received radiation therapy for the management of their cancer. For many patients, the gains in survival have come at the price of serious treatment-associated late effects. Second primary cancers (SPCs) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are two of the most frequent and important life-threatening events associated with radiation therapy. Multiple primary cancers now account for approximately one in six of all incident cancers reported each year to the National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program. NCRP Report No. 170, Second Primary Cancers and Cardiovascular Disease After Radiation Therapy, provides a comprehensive and current assessment of the risk of SPC and CVD following radiation therapy among the growing number of cancer survivors worldwide. The Report focuses on the complex epidemiologic and dosimetry issues surrounding past, conventional, and the new radiation therapy modalities and techniques, including intensity-modulated radiation therapy and proton-beam therapy. Major epidemiologic studies are reviewed that have provided estimates of the risk of SPC and CVD following exposure to therapeutic doses of radiation in children, adolescents, and adults. Special attention is given to those cancer sites for which dose-response relationships between radiation dose and SPC or CVD have been pr

Contents:

""Cover""; ""Preface""; ""Contents""; ""1. Executive Summary""; ""1.1 General""; ""1.2 Recommendations""; ""2. Introduction""; ""2.1 Second Primary Cancers""; ""2.1.1 Definition""; ""2.1.2 Etiology""; ""2.1.3 Brief History""; ""2.1.4 General Considerations""; ""2.2 Cardiovascular Disease""; ""2.3 Relevance of Past Studies of Late Effects Following Radiation Therapy""; ""2.4 Organization of this Report""; ""3. Radiobiology and Cancer Biology""; ""3.1 Basic Radiation Quantities and Related Concepts""; ""3.1.1 Absorbed Dose, Dose Rate, and Dose Fractionation""

""3.1.2 Dose and Dose-Rate Effectiveness Factor""""3.1.3 Linear Energy Transfer""; ""3.1.4 Relative Biological Effectiveness""; ""3.2 Radiation Biology Relevant to this Report""; ""3.2.1 Nontargeted and Out-of-Field Effects in Radiation Biology""; ""3.2.2 Additional Evidence for Differences in Biological Response to Low Versus High Radiation Doses""; ""3.2.3 Modification of Radiation-Induced Carcinogenesis""; ""3.3 Postulated Mechanisms for the Induction of Second Primary Cancers and Cardiovascular Disease""; ""3.3.1 Second Primary Cancers""

""3.3.2 Cardiovascular Disease Following High Doses (>2 Gy)""""3.3.3 Cardiovascular Disease Following Low Doses (<2 Gy)""; ""4. Epidemiologic Methods for Evaluating Risks from Radiation Therapy""; ""4.1 Introduction""; ""4.2 Study Designs""; ""4.2.1 Cohort Studies""; ""4.2.2 Case-Control Studies""; ""4.3 Measures of Risk""; ""4.4 Analytic Methods""; ""4.4.1 Cohort Studies Using a General Population Comparison Group""; ""4.4.2 Cohort Studies Using Internal Comparison Groups""; ""4.4.3 Case-Control Studies""; ""4.4.4 Risk Predictions""

""5. Modern Radiation Therapy Modalities and Technologies""""5.1 Evolution of Radiation Therapy Modalities""; ""5.2 Two-Dimensional Radiation Therapy and Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy""; ""5.3 Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy""; ""5.4 Tomotherapy""; ""5.5 Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy""; ""5.5.1 Cobalt-60 Stereotactic Radiosurgery Systems""; ""5.5.2 Linac-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Systems""; ""5.6 Electron-Beam Therapy""; ""5.6.1 Electron-Beam Therapy""

""5.6.2 Total-Skin Irradiation Therapy""""5.6.3 Intraoperative Radiation Therapy""; ""5.7 Proton- and Heavy-Ion Beam Therapies""; ""5.7.1 Proton-Beam Therapy""; ""5.7.2 Heavy-Ion Therapy""; ""5.8 Neutron-Beam Therapy""; ""5.9 Comparative Treatment-Planning Studies for External-Beam Techniques""; ""5.10 Summary""; ""6. Radiation Therapy: Dosimetry Relevant to Second Primary Cancers and Cardiovascular Effects""; ""6.1 Basic Concepts and Terminology""; ""6.1.1 Secondary Radiation Sources in External-Beam Radiation Therapy""; ""6.1.2 Modalities, Radiation Energies, and Dose Ranges""

""6.1.3 Geometry of Secondary Radiation""

Notes:

At head of title: NCRP draft SC 1-17 report.

"May 14, 2011."

Includes bibliographical references.

ISBN:

1-4619-0531-1