Handbook of plasticizers / George Wypych, editor.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Wypych, George, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Plasticizers--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (871 pages) : illustrations, tables

Edition:

Third edition.

Place of Publication:

Toronto, Ontario : ChemTec Publishing, 2017.

Summary:

Handbook of Plasticizers, Third Edition, is an essential professional reference, providing information that enables R&D scientists, production chemists, and engineers the information they need to use plasticizers more effectively, and to avoid certain plasticizers in applications where they may cause health or material durability problems. Plasticizers are vital to the plastics industry, particularly in improving the properties of materials such as PVC. Plasticizers are commonly added to complex mixtures containing a variety of materials, so successful incorporation requires a broad understanding of the mechanisms of plasticizer action, and compatibility with different materials and blends. There is a large selection of commercial plasticizers, and various environmental issues which impact on selection decisions. The book discusses new and historical approaches to the use of plasticizers, explaining mechanisms of plasticizers' action and their behavior in plasticized systems. It goes into detail on the use of plasticizers in a range of specific polymers, polymer blends, and other industrial products. This includes coverage of the impact of plasticizers on processing. George Wypych provides the data and know-how from the most recent sources and updated information required by engineers and scientists working in the plastics industry and the many industry sectors that use plastics in their products. The book covers the uses, advantages, and disadvantages of plasticizers, historical and theoretical background, their effects on process conditions, and health, safety, and environmental issues.

Contents:

Front Cover

Handbook of Plasticizers

Copyright Page

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Introduction

1.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS

1.2 EXPECTATIONS FROM PLASTICIZERS

1.3 DEFINITIONS

1.4 CLASSIFICATION

REFERENCES

Chapter 2. Plasticizer Types

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF INDUSTRIAL PLASTICIZERS

2.3 METHODS OF SYNTHESIS AND THEIR EFFECT ON PROPERTIES OF PLASTICIZERS

2.4 REACTIVE PLASTICIZERS AND INTERNAL PLASTICIZATION

Chapter 3. Typical Methods of Quality Control of Plasticizers

3.1 ABBREVIATIONS, TERMINOLOGY, AND VOCABULARY

3.2 ACID NUMBER

3.3 AGING STUDIES

3.4 ASH

3.5 BRITTLENESS TEMPERATURE

3.6 BROOKFIELD VISCOSITY

3.7 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE

3.8 COLOR

3.9 COMPATIBILITY

3.10 COMPRESSION SET

3.11 CONCRETE ADDITIVES

3.12 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES

3.13 EXTRACTABLE MATTER

3.14 FLASH AND FIRE POINT

3.15 FOGGING

3.16 FUSION

3.17 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

3.18 HARDNESS

3.19 INFRARED ANALYSIS OF PLASTICIZERS

3.20 KINEMATIC VISCOSITY

3.21 MARKING (CLASSIFICATION)

3.22 MELT RHEOLOGY

3.23 MIGRATION

3.24 POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE) − STANDARD SPECIFICATION

3.25 POWDER-MIX TIME

3.26 PURITY

3.27 REFRACTIVE INDEX

3.28 RESIDUAL CONTAMINATION

3.29 SAMPLING

3.30 SAPONIFICATION VALUE

3.31 SAYBOLT VISCOSITY

3.32 SORPTION OF PLASTICIZER

3.33 SPECIFIC GRAVITY

3.34 SPECIFICATION

3.35 STAINING

3.36 STIFFNESS

3.37 TENSILE PROPERTIES

3.38 THERMAL EXPANSION COEFFICIENT

3.39 UNSAPONIFIABLE CONTENTS

3.40 VISCOSITY OF PLASTISOLS AND ORGANOSOLS

3.41 WATER CONCENTRATION

3.42 WEIGHT LOSS

Chapter 4. Transportation and Storage

4.1 TRANSPORTATION

4.2 STORAGE

Chapter 5. Mechanisms of Plasticizers Action

5.1 CLASSICAL THEORIES

5.2 THE FREE VOLUME THEORY.

REFERENCES

Chapter 6. Theories of Compatibility

6.1 COMPATIBILITY CONCEPTS

6.2 SOLUBILITY PARAMETER AND THE COHESIVE ENERGY DENSITY

6.3 METHODS OF PLASTICIZER SELECTION BASED ON PRINCIPLES OF COMPATIBILITY

6.4 PRACTICAL APPROACHES IN USING THEORY OF COMPATIBILITY FOR PLASTICIZERS SELECTION

6.5 EXPERIMENTAL DATA ILLUSTRATING EFFECT OF COMPATIBILITY ON PLASTICIZED

Chapter 7. Plasticizer Motion and Diffusion

7.1 PLASTICIZER DIFFUSION RATE AND THE METHODS OF STUDY

7.2 PLASTICIZER MOTION AND DISTRIBUTION IN MATRIX

7.3 PLASTICIZER MIGRATION

7.4 PLASTICIZER DISTRIBUTION IN MATERIALS IN CONTACT

7.5 ANTIPLASTICIZATION

7.6 EFFECT OF DIFFUSION AND MOBILITY OF PLASTICIZERS ON THEIR SUITABILITY

Chapter 8. Effect of Plasticizers on Other Components of Formulation

8.1 PLASTICIZER CONSUMPTION BY FILLERS

8.2 SOLUBILITY OF ADDITIVES IN PLASTICIZERS

8.3 ADDITIVE MOLECULAR MOBILITY AND TRANSPORT IN THE PRESENCE OF PLASTICIZERS

8.4 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON POLYMERIZATION AND CURING REACTIONS

Chapter 9. Plasticization Steps

9.1 PLASTICIZATION STEPS

9.2 STUDIES OF PLASTISOL'S BEHAVIOR DURING GELATION AND FUSION

Chapter 10. Effect of Plasticizers on Properties of Plasticized Materials

10.1 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

10.2 OPTICAL PROPERTIES

10.3 SPECTRAL PROPERTIES

10.4 GLOSS

10.5 SOUND

10.6 RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

10.7 MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

10.8 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES

10.9 INFLUENCE OF PLASTICIZERS ON THE GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE OF POLYMERS

10.10 FLAMMABILITY AND SMOKE FORMATION IN THE PRESENCE OF PLASTICIZERS

10.11 THERMAL DEGRADATION

10.12 EFFECT OF UV AND IONIZED RADIATION ON PLASTICIZED MATERIALS

10.13 HYDROLYSIS

10.14 BIODEGRADATION IN THE PRESENCE OF PLASTICIZERS.

10.15 CRYSTALLIZATION, STRUCTURE, AND ORIENTATION OF MACROMOLECULES

10.16 MORPHOLOGY

10.17 PLASTICIZER EFFECT ON CONTACT WITH OTHER MATERIALS

10.18 INFLUENCE OF PLASTICIZERS ON SWELLING OF CROSSLINKED ELASTOMERS

10.19 THE SWELLING OF NANO-HETEROGENEOUS COATINGS IN PLASTICIZERS

10.20 PECULIARITIES OF PLASTICIZATION OF POLYURETHANES BY BINARY PLASTICIZERS

10.21 STABILITY OF PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PLASTICIZED POLYETHERURETHANE IN A HUMID MEDIUM

10.22 FUSIBLE DIURETHANE PLASTICIZERS FOR THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE COMPOSITES

10.23 DETERMINATION OF OSMOTIC PRESSURE OF PLASTICIZER IN POLYMER

10.24 SELF-HEALING

10.25 SHRINKAGE

10.26 SOILING

10.27 FREE VOLUME

10.28 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON OTHER PROPERTIES

Chapter 11. Plasticizers Use and Selection for Specific Polymers

11.1 ABS

11.2 ACRYLICS

11.3 BROMOBUTYL RUBBER

11.4 BUTYL TERPOLYMER

11.5 CELLULOSE ACETATE

11.6 CELLULOSE BUTYRATES AND PROPIONATES

11.7 CELLULOSE NITRATE

11.8 CHITOSAN

11.9 CHLORINATED POLYVINYL CHLORIDE

11.10 CHLOROSULFONATED POLYETHYLENE

11.11 COPOLYMERS

11.12 CYANOACRYLATES

11.13 ETHYLCELLULOSE

11.14 EPOXY RESIN

11.15 ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE-DIENE COPOLYMER, EPDM

11.16 ETHYLENE-VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER, EVA

11.17 IONOMERS

11.18 NITRILE RUBBER

11.19 PERFLUOROPOLYMERS

11.20 POLYACRYLONITRILE

11.21 POLYAMIDE

11.22 POLYAMINE

11.23 POLYANILINE

11.24 POLYBUTADIENE

11.25 POLYBUTYLENE

11.26 POLY(BUTYL METHACRYLATE)

11.27 POLYCARBONATE

11.28 POLYESTER

11.29 POLYETHERIMIDE

11.30 POLYETHYLACRYLATE

11.31 POLYETHYLENE

11.32 POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE)

11.33 POLY(3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE)

11.34 POLYISOBUTYLENE

11.35 POLYISOPRENE

11.36 POLYIMIDE

11.37 POLYLACTIDE

11.38 POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE

11.39 POLYPROPYLENE

11.40 POLY(PROPYLENE CARBONATE).

11.41 POLY(N-VINYLCARBAZOLE)

11.42 POLY(N-VINYLPYRROLIDONE)

11.43 POLY(PHENYLENE ETHER)

11.44 POLY(PHENYLENE SULFIDE)

11.45 POLYSTYRENE

11.46 POLYSULFIDE

11.47 POLYSULFONE

11.48 POLYURETHANES

11.49 POLYVINYLACETATE

11.50 POLYVINYLALCOHOL

11.51 POLYVINYLBUTYRAL

11.52 POLYVINYLCHLORIDE

11.53 POLYVINYLFLUORIDE

11.54 POLYVINYLIDENEFLUORIDE

11.55 POLYVINYLIDENECHLORIDE

11.56 PROTEINS

11.57 RUBBER, NATURAL

11.58 SILICONE

11.59 STYRENE-BUTADIENE RUBBER

11.60 STYRENE-BUTADIENE-STYRENE RUBBER

11.61 STARCH

Chapter 12. Plasticizers in Polymer Blends

12.1 PLASTICIZER PARTITION BETWEEN COMPONENT POLYMERS

12.2 INTERACTION OF PLASTICIZERS WITH BLEND COMPONENTS

12.3 EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS ON BLEND PROPERTIES

12.4 BLENDING TO REDUCE OR TO REPLACE PLASTICIZERS

Chapter 13. Plasticizers in Various Industrial Products

13.1 ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS

13.2 AEROSPACE

13.3 AGRICULTURE

13.4 AUTOMOTIVE

13.5 CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS

13.6 COATED FABRICS

13.7 COMPOSITES

13.8 COSMETICS

13.9 CULTURAL HERITAGE

13.10 DENTAL MATERIALS

13.11 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

13.12 FIBERS

13.13 FILM

13.14 FOOD

13.15 FLOORING

13.16 FOAMS

13.17 FOOTWEAR

13.18 FUEL CELLS

13.19 GASKETS

13.20 HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS

13.21 INKS, VARNISHES, AND LACQUERS

13.22 MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

13.23 MEMBRANES

13.24 MICROSPHERES

13.25 PAINTS AND COATINGS

13.26 PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS

13.27 PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS

13.28 PIPES

13.29 ROOFING MATERIALS

13.30 TIRES

13.31 TOYS

13.32 TUBING

13.33 WIRE AND CABLE

Chapter 14. Plasticizers in Various Processing Methods

14.1 BLOW MOLDING

14.2 CALENDERING

14.3 COIL COATING

14.4 COMPRESSION MOLDING

14.5 COMPOUNDING (MIXING)

14.6 DIP COATING

14.7 DRY BLENDING

14.8 EXTRUSION.

14.9 INJECTION MOLDING

14.10 POLYMER SYNTHESIS

14.11 ROTATIONAL MOLDING

14.12 RUBBER PROCESSING

14.13 THERMOFORMING

14.14 WEB COATING

14.15 WIRE COATING

Chapter 15. Specialized Analytical Methods in Plasticizer Testing

15.1 PLASTICIZER IDENTIFICATION

15.2 METHODS OF DETERMINATION OF PLASTICIZER CONCENTRATION

15.3 DETERMINATION OF VOLATILITY, MOLECULAR MOTION, DIFFUSION, AND MIGRATION

15.4 METHODS OF STUDY OF PLASTICIZED MATERIALS

Chapter 16. Mathematical Modelling in Application to Plasticizers

16.1 PVC-PLASTICIZER INTERACTION MODEL

16.2 GAS PERMEATION

16.3 MIGRATION

16.4 DRY-BLENDING TIME

16.5 GELATION AND FUSION

16.6 THERMAL DECOMPOSITION

16.7 POTENTIAL HEALTH RISK OF EXPOSURE TO DEHP FROM GLOVES

Chapter 17. Health and Safety Issues with Plasticizers and Plasticized Materials

17.1 ADJUVANT EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS

17.2 THE RODENT HEPATOCARCINOGENIC RESPONSE TO PHTHALATE PLASTICIZERS: BASIC BIOLOGY AND HUMAN EXTRAPOLATION

17.3 THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL NUTRITION ON PHTHALATE TERATOGENICITY

17.4 PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATIONS OF PHTHALATES: A REVIEW OF FINDINGS FROM THE U.S. NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM'S EXPERT PANEL REPORTS

17.5 PLASTICIZERS IN THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENT

ADDENDUM

Chapter 18. The Environmental Fate of Plasticizers

18.1 INTRODUCTION

18.2 PLASTICIZERS IN WATER

18.3 SOIL AND SEDIMENT

18.4 ORGANISMS

18.5 AIR

SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS

Chapter 19. Regulations and Data

19.1 TOXIC SUBSTANCE CONTROL

19.2. CARCINOGENIC EFFECT

19.3 TERATOGENIC AND MUTAGENIC EFFECT

19.4 WORKPLACE EXPOSURE LIMITS

19.5 EXPOSURE FROM CONSUMER PRODUCTS

19.6 PLASTICIZERS IN DRINKING WATER

19.7 FOOD REGULATORY ACTS

19.8 MEDICAL AND OTHER APPLICATIONS

REFERENCES.

Chapter 20. Personal Protection.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed January 30, 2017).

ISBN:

1-5231-0906-8

1-927885-16-7