Co-rotating twin-screw extruders : fundamentals / Klemens Kohlgrüber.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Kohlgrüber, Klemens, author.

Contributor:

Smith, Mark, editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Plastics--Extrusion--History.

Plastics.

Plastics machinery--History.

Plastics machinery.

Computational fluid dynamics.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (430 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Munich, Germany : Hanser Publishers ; Cincinnati, Ohio : Hanser Publications, 2020.

Summary:

Well-founded knowledge of machines, processes, and material behavior is required in order to design and operate twin-screw extruders for economically successful operations. This book provides valuable information on applications from a practical perspective, suitable for both beginners and experienced professional engineers.

Contents:

Intro

Preface

The Authors

Contents

1 Introduction

1.1 Technical and Economic Importance of Extruders

1.1.1 Extruder Types and Terms

1.1.2 Screw Machines and Plastics

1.1.3 Economic Core Function of an Extruder in the Plastics Industry

1.1.4 Extruder Types and Advantages of Closely Intermeshing Co-Rotating Screws

1.1.5 First Closely Intermeshing Co-Rotating Screws

1.1.6 Details of Twin-Screws

1.1.7 Objective of the Book

1.1.8 Summary

1.1.9 Prospects

1.2 Historical Development of Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruders

1.2.1 Preface and Recognition of Bayer Scientists

1.2.2 Historical Development of Co-Rotating Twin-Screw Extruders

1.2.2.1 Early Developments

1.2.2.2 Pioneering Period

1.2.2.3 New High-Viscosity Technology with Co-Rotating Extruders

1.2.2.4 Special Developments from Bayer-Hochviskostechnik (High Viscosity Technology Group)

1.2.2.5 Developments after Licensing

1.2.2.6 Developments after Expiration of the Primary Patents

1.3 General Overview of the Compounding Process: Tasks, Selected Applications, and Process Zones

1.3.1 Compounding Tasks and Requirements

1.3.2 Tasks and Design of the Processing Zones of a Compounding Extruder

1.3.2.1 Intake Zone

1.3.2.2 Plastification Zone

1.3.2.3 Melt Conveying Zone

1.3.2.4 Distributive Mixing Zone

1.3.2.5 Dispersive Mixing Zone

1.3.2.6 Devolatilization Zone

1.3.2.7 Pressure Build-Up Zone

1.3.3 Characteristic Process Parameters

1.3.3.1 Specific Energy Input

1.3.3.2 Residence Time Characteristics

1.3.4 Process Examples

1.3.4.1 Incorporation of Glass Fibers

1.3.4.2 Incorporation of Fillers

1.3.4.3 Production of Masterbatches

1.3.4.4 Coloring

1.4 Process Understanding - Overview and Evaluation of Experiments and Models

1.4.1 Introduction.

1.4.2 Classification of Models and Experiments

1.4.3 Solid Materials

1.4.4 Highly Viscous Liquids

1.4.4.1 One-Dimensional Models

1.4.4.2 Three-Dimensional Models

1.4.5 Summary

1.4.6 Prospects and Proposals

1.4.6.1 Program for Extruder Configuration

1.4.6.2 Further Development of Models

1.4.6.3 New Model Applications - Online

1.4.6.4 Process Characterization of Screw Elements by Key Figures

1.5 Conveying and Power Parameters of Standard Conveying Elements

1.6 Frequently Used Symbols

2 Basics - Screw Elements

2.1 Geometry of Co-Rotating Extruders: Conveying and Kneading Elements, Including Clearance Strategies

2.1.1 Introduction

2.1.2 The Fully Wiped Profile from Arcs

2.1.3 Geometric Design of Fully Wiped Profiles

2.1.4 Dimensions of Screw Elements with Clearances

2.1.5 Transition between Different Numbers of Threads

2.1.6 Calculation of a Screw Profile for Production According to Planar Offset

2.1.7 Free Cross-Sectional Area

2.1.8 Surface of Barrel and Conveying Elements

2.1.9 Kneading Elements

2.1.10 New Developments with Screw Geometries

2.2 Screw Elements and Their Use

2.2.1 Construction of Screw Elements

2.2.2 Combining Screw Elements

2.2.3 Screw Elements and Their Operating Principles

2.2.3.1 Conveying Elements

2.2.3.2 Kneading Elements

2.2.3.3 Sealing Elements

2.2.3.4 Mixing Elements

2.2.3.5 Special Elements

2.3 Overview of Patented Screw Elements

2.3.1 WO 2009152910, EP 2291277, US 20110110183

2.3.2 WO 2011039016, EP 2483051, US 20120320702

2.3.3 WO 2011069896, EP 2509765, US 20120281001

2.3.4 DE 00813154, US 2670188

2.3.5 DE 19947967, EP 1121238, WO 2000020188

2.3.6 US 1868671

2.3.7 DE 10207145, EP 1476290, US 20050152214

2.3.8 DE 00940109, US 2814472

2.3.9 US 5713209

2.3.10 US 3717330, DE 2128468.

2.3.11 DE 4118530, EP 516936, US 5338112

2.3.12 US 4131371

2.3.13 DE 03412258, US 4824256

2.3.14 DE 1180718, US 3254367

2.3.15 US 3900187

2.3.16 WO 2009153003, EP 2303544, US 20110112255

2.3.17 WO 2009152974, EP 2291279, US 20110180949

2.3.18 US 3216706

2.3.19 WO 2009152968, EP 2303531, US 20110158039

2.3.20 WO 2013045623, EP 2760658

2.3.21 WO 2009152973, EP 2291270, US 20110141843

2.3.22 WO 2009153002, EP 2307182, US 20110096617

2.3.23 EP 0002131, JP 54072265, US 4300839

2.3.24 DE 19718292, EP 0875356, US 6048088

2.3.25 DE 04239220

2.3.26 DE 01529919, US 3288077

2.3.27 EP 0330308, US 5048971

2.3.28 DE 10114727, US 6974243, WO 2002076707

2.3.29 US 6783270, WO 2002009919

2.3.30 WO 2013128463, EP 2747980, US 20140036614

2.3.31 JP 2008183721, DE 102007055764, US 2008181051

2.3.32 DE 4329612, EP 641640, US 5573332

2.3.33 DE 19860256, EP 1013402, US 6179460

2.3.34 DE 04134026, EP 0537450, US 5318358

2.3.35 DE 19706134

2.3.36 JP 2013028055

2.3.37 WO 1998013189, US 6022133, EP 934151

2.3.38 WO 1999025537, EP 1032492

2.3.39 US 6116770, EP 1035960, WO 2000020189

2.3.40 DE 29901899 U1

2.3.41 US 6170975, WO 2000047393

2.3.42 DE 10150006, EP 1434679, US 7080935

2.3.43 DE 4202821, US 5267788, WO 1993014921

2.3.44 DE 03014643, EP 0037984, US 4352568

2.3.45 DE 02611908, US 4162854

2.3.46 WO 1995033608, US 5487602, EP 764074

2.3.47 DE 102004010553

2.3.48 DE 04115591, EP 0513431

2.3.49 WO 2011073181, EP 2512776, US 20120245909

3 Material Properties of Polymers

3.1 Rheological Properties of Polymer Melts

3.1.1 Introduction and Motivation

3.1.2 Classification of Rheological Behavior of Solids and Fluids

3.1.3 Comparison of Viscous Fluid and Viscoelastic Fluid

3.1.3.1 Viscous Fluids

3.1.3.2 Viscoelastic Fluids.

3.1.4 Temperature Dependence of Shear Viscosity

3.1.4.1 Temperature Dependence for Semi-Crystalline Polymers

3.1.4.2 Temperature Dependence for Amorphous Polymers

3.1.5 Influence of Molecular Parameters on Rheological Properties of Polymer Melts

3.1.6 Shear Flows

3.1.6.1 Flow Profiles of Pressure-Driven Pipe Flow

3.1.6.2 Flow Profiles of Simple Drag Flow

3.1.7 Extensional Flows

3.2 Material Behavior of Blends - Consideration of Polymer-Filler and Polymer-Polymer Systems

3.2.1 Material Properties of Two-Substance Systems

3.2.1.1 Introduction to Mixed Systems

3.2.1.2 Thermodynamic Material Data of Two-Substance Mixtures

3.2.1.3 Viscosities of Two-Substance Mixtures

3.2.1.4 Compatible Polymer Blends

3.2.1.5 Immiscible (Incompatible) Polymer Blends

3.2.2 Process Behavior during Plasticizing of Two-Substance Polymer Systems

3.2.2.1 Calculation of the Melting Behavior of Two-Substance Systems

3.2.3 Final Remarks for Use in Practice

3.2.4 Conclusion

3.3 Diffusive Mass Transport in Polymers

3.3.1 Mechanisms of Mass Transport

3.3.1.1 Concentration Distribution Near the Phase Interface

3.3.2 Influencing Quantities of the Material Properties

3.4 Influence Factors and Reduction of Degradation during Polymer Processing

3.4.1 Introduction

3.4.2 Chemical Reactions

3.4.2.1 Damage through Thermal Degradation

3.4.2.2 Oxidative Degradation

3.4.2.3 Chemical Degradation Reactions via Residual Water

3.4.2.4 Degradation via Mechanical Stress

3.4.2.5 Influence of Metals on Degradation

3.4.3 Relationship between Polymer Degradation and Properties

3.4.4 Reduction of Polymer Degradation during Processing

3.4.4.1 Extruder Screw Design or Processing Parameters

3.4.4.2 Changes of Melt Flow Behavior via Molecular Weight and Flow Modifiers.

3.4.4.3 Minimization of Reaction Partners

3.4.4.4 Additives for Reduction of Polymer Degradation

3.4.5 Summary

3.5 Calculation Basis for the Flow in Wedge Shaped Shear Gaps and Flow Properties of Filled Polymer Melts

3.5.1 Consideration of Pseudoplastic Flow Behavior of Plastic Melts in the Wedge Gap Flow and Key Numbers for the Evaluation of the Dispersion

3.5.1.1 Introduction - Deformation of Plastic Melts, Shear, and Elongation in the Wedge Gap Flow

3.5.1.2 Calculation of the Wedge Gap Flow for Highly Viscous Fluids

3.5.1.3 Plastic Melts with Different Pseudoplastic Flow Behavior

3.5.1.4 Results of the Simulation

3.5.2 Modeling of the Flow Behavior of Highly Filled Plastics

3.5.2.1 Viscosity of Polymers with Different Filler Contents

3.5.2.2 CARPOW Approach for the Viscosity Function of Highly Filled Polymers

3.5.2.3 Summary

4 Conveying Behavior, Pressure and Performance Behavior

4.1 Introduction of Conveying and Pressure Behavior of Highly Viscous Liquids in Extruders

4.1.1 Throughput and Pressure Behavior, Dimensionless Key Figures

4.1.1.1 Shear Rate and Viscosity

4.1.1.2 Simple Qualitative Consideration on Simple Plane Flow

4.1.1.3 Extruder Key Figures and Pressure Basic Equation for Extruders

4.2 Introduction of the Performance Behavior of Highly Viscous Liquids in Extruders

4.2.1 Throughput Performance Behavior of the Plane Flow between Two Plates

4.2.2 Performance Key Figure for an Annular Gap

4.2.3 Basic Equation of the Performance Characteristic of Extruders

4.3 Dissipation, Pump Efficiency Degree, Temperature Increase, and Heat Transfer

4.3.1 Dissipation

4.3.2 Pump Efficiency Degree

4.3.3 Temperature Increase

4.3.4 Heat Transfer

4.4 Prospect to the Sections 4.1, 4.2, and 4.3

4.5 Pressure Generation and Energy Input in the Melt.

4.5.1 Operating Conditions of Conveying Screw Elements.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9781569907481

156990748X

9781523126842

1523126841

OCLC:

1435753101