Polymeric gels : characterization, properties and biomedical applications / edited by Kunal Pal, Indranil Banerjee.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Pal, Kunal, editor.

Banerjee, Indranil, editor.

Series:

Woodhead Publishing series in biomaterials.

Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Polymer colloids.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (570 pages).

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, Massachusetts : Elsevier, [2018]

Summary:

Polymeric Gels: Characterization, Properties and Biomedical Applications covers the fundamentals and applications of polymeric gels. Particular emphasis is given to their synthesis, properties and characteristics, with topics such as natural, synthetic, and smart polymeric gels, medical applications, and advancements in conductive and magnetic gels presented. The book covers the basics and applications of hydrogels, providing readers with a comprehensive guide on the types of polymeric gels used in the field of biomedical engineering.- Provides guidance for decisions on the suitability and appropriateness of a synthetic route and characterization technique for particular polymeric networks- Analyzes and compares experimental data- Presents in-depth information on the physical properties of polymeric gels using mathematical models- Uses an interdisciplinary approach to discuss potential new applications for both established polymeric gels and recent advances

Contents:

Front Cover

Polymeric Gels

Related titles

Polymeric Gels: Characterization, Properties and Biomedical Applications

Contents

Contributors

One - General introduction

1 - Introduction to polymeric gels

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Polymeric gels and their properties

1.2.1 Polymeric gels

1.2.2 Properties of polymeric gels

1.2.2.1 Swelling

1.2.2.2 Rheological behavior

1.2.2.3 Syneresis

1.2.2.4 Aging

1.2.2.5 Structure

1.2.2.6 Electrostatic potential distribution

1.2.2.7 Electrical oscillation

1.2.2.8 Electrical contraction

1.2.2.9 Mechanoelectric effect

1.2.2.10 Interaction with oppositely charged surfactants

1.3 Classification of polymeric gels

1.3.1 Physical gels

1.3.2 Covalently cross-linked gels

1.3.3 Entanglement network gels

1.4 Hydrogels

1.4.1 Hydrogels: basics and properties

1.4.2 Classification of hydrogels

1.4.2.1 Classification of hydrogels according to the polymeric composition

1.4.2.2 Classification of hydrogels according to the configuration

1.4.2.3 Classification of hydrogels according to the type of cross-linking

1.4.2.4 Classification of hydrogels according to the network electrical charge

1.4.3 Polymers used in the preparation of hydrogels

1.4.4 Smart hydrogels

1.4.5 Superporous hydrogels

1.4.6 Biomedical applications of hydrogels

1.5 Macrogels, microgels, and nanogels

1.6 Organogels

1.7 Bigels

1.8 Emulgels

1.9 Aerogels

1.10 Xerogels

1.11 Cryogels

1.12 Conclusion

References

Two - Polymeric gels: synthesis, properties and characterization

2 - Protein-based gels: preparation, characterizations, applications in drug delivery, and tissue engineering

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Types of protein-based gels

2.2.1 Hydrogels

2.2.2 Microgels

2.2.3 Nanogels

2.3 Preparation of the protein-based gels.

2.3.1 Methods of preparation of hydrogel

2.3.2 Methods of preparation of microgel

2.3.3 Nanogel

2.4 Application of protein-based gels

2.5 Conclusion

3 - Synthetic polymeric gel

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Cross-linking, water uptake, and gel rheology

3.3 Synthetic gels

3.3.1 Polyethylene glycol

3.3.2 Polyvinyl alcohol

3.3.3 Polymethyl methacrylate

3.3.4 Poly hydroxyethyl methacrylate

3.3.5 Polyurethanes

3.3.6 Amino acid and polyamino acids

3.3.7 Polyvinylpyrrolidone

3.4 Biomedical applications of synthetic gels

3.5 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

4 - Semi-IPNs and IPN-based hydrogels

4.1 Semi-IPNs and IPNs gels

4.1.1 Definitions

4.1.2 Historical overview

4.1.3 Classification

4.1.4 Properties

4.1.5 Characterization

4.1.5.1 Morphological characterization

4.1.5.2 Thermal characterization

4.1.5.3 Mechanical characterization

4.1.5.4 Spectroscopic characterization

4.2 Polysaccharide-based IPNs and semi-IPNs gels

4.2.1 Alginate

4.2.1.1 Smart alginate IPNs and semi-IPNs

4.2.1.2 Other alginate-based IPNs and semi-IPNs

4.2.2 Hyaluronic acid

4.2.3 Chitosan

4.2.3.1 Chitosan-based IPNs semi-IPNs hydrogels

4.2.3.2 Chitosan-based semi- and full-IPNs microspheres

4.2.4 Dextran

4.2.5 Gellan gum

4.2.6 Carrageenan

4.2.7 Scleroglucan

4.3 Applications of IPNs and semi-IPNs gels

4.4 Conclusions

5 - Entrapment of essential oils in hydrogels for biomedical applications

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Mechanism of entrapment

5.3 Production of hydrogels

5.4 Types of hydrogels and their biomedical applications

5.4.1 Natural hydrogels

5.4.1.1 Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels

5.4.1.2 Cellulose-based hydrogels

5.4.1.3 Dextran-based hydrogels

5.4.1.4 Chitosan-based hydrogels.

5.4.1.4.1 Drug delivery vehicle

5.4.1.4.2 Injectable hydrogels

5.4.1.4.3 Bone tissue engineering

5.4.1.4.4 Self-healing adhesives

5.4.1.4.5 Ophthalmology

5.4.2 Synthetic hydrogels

5.4.2.1 Polyethylene glycol hydrogels

5.4.2.2 Poloxamer hydrogels

5.4.2.3 Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels

5.5 General biomedical applications of hydrogels

5.5.1 Oral health

5.5.2 Wound management

5.5.3 Skin burn treatment

5.6 Conclusion

6 - Particle-loaded gels

6.1 Introduction to disperse systems and colloids classification

6.2 Control of physical properties

6.2.1 Mechanical property enhancement

6.2.2 Control of optical properties

6.2.3 Antimicrobial properties

6.2.4 Stimuli-responsive properties (pH, temperature, and electroactive)

6.3 Particle-hydrogel interactions

6.4 Biomedical applications of microparticle-loaded gels

6.5 Biomedical applications of nanoparticle-loaded gels

6.6 Conclusions and future perspectives

7 - Smart polymeric gels

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Different approaches for the synthesis of smart polymeric hydrogels

7.3 Types of smart polymeric hydrogels and their governing mechanisms

7.3.1 Temperature-responsive hydrogels

7.3.1.1 Poly(N-alkyl) substituted amides

7.3.1.2 Poly(ethyleneglycol)

7.3.1.3 Other synthetic polymers

7.3.2 pH-responsive hydrogels

7.3.2.1 Anionic hydrogels

7.3.2.2 Cationic hydrogels

7.3.2.3 Amphoteric hydrogels

7.3.3 Light-responsive hydrogels

7.3.3.1 Chemically irreversible cross-linked hydrogels that incorporate photoresponsive molecules

7.3.3.2 Chemically reversible network-forming hydrogels based on photodimerization

7.3.3.3 Physically reversible network-forming hydrogels containing intermolecular interacting side groups that respond to photoisom ...

7.3.3.4 Physically irreversible network-forming hydrogels based on the interactions of photocleavable side groups

7.3.4 Analyte-responsive hydrogels

7.3.4.1 Glucose-responsive hydrogels

7.3.4.2 Hydrogels responsive to other analytes

7.4 Applications

7.4.1 Applications in biomedical field

7.4.1.1 Drug delivery

7.4.1.2 Tissue engineering

7.4.2 Sensors

7.4.3 Actuators

7.4.4 Self-healing

7.5 Conclusions and future perspectives

8 - Oleogels

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Oil structuring

8.3 Types of oleogelators

8.3.1 Low-molecular weight oil gelators

8.3.1.1 n-alkanes

8.3.1.2 Free fatty acids and fatty alcohols

8.3.1.3 Waxes

8.3.1.4 Triacylglycerol derivative

8.3.1.5 Phytosterols

8.3.1.6 Ceramides

8.3.1.7 Surfactants

8.3.1.8 Lecithin

8.3.1.9 Others

8.3.2 High-molecular oil gelators

8.3.2.1 Cellulose derivatives

8.3.2.2 Proteins

8.3.2.3 Water-soluble polysaccharides

8.3.3 Hybrid oleogels

8.4 Utilization of oleogel systems in various applications

8.5 Summary and conclusions

9 - Emulgels

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Considerations for emulgel formulation development

9.3 Preparation of emulgel

9.4 Applications

9.5 Conclusion

10 - Bigels

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Advantages of bigels over organogels and hydrogels

10.3 Types of bigels

10.3.1 Oleogel dispersed in hydrogel system

10.3.2 Hydrogel dispersed in oleogel system

10.3.3 Bicontinuous bigel

10.3.4 Complex bigels

10.4 Methods of preparation

10.4.1 Preparation of aqueous phase (hydrogel)

10.4.2 Preparation of oleaginous phase (oleogel)

10.4.3 Preparation of bigel

10.5 Characterization techniques

10.5.1 Organoleptic evaluation

10.5.2 Stability studies

10.5.3 Accelerated stability study

10.5.4 Long-term stability study.

10.5.5 Optical microscopy

10.5.6 Droplet size distribution

10.5.7 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis

10.5.8 Mechanical properties

10.5.9 Thermal properties

10.5.10 Electric conductivity

10.5.11 In vitro release study

10.5.12 Photostability study

10.5.13 In vitro skin permeation studies of drug-loaded bigels

10.6 Applications

10.7 Conclusion

11 - Synthesis and biomedical applications of filled hydrogels

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Methods of preparation of the filled hydrogels

11.2.1 Preparation of emulsion gels

11.2.2 Preparation of water-in-water type of filled hydrogels

11.3 Applications

11.3.1 Oil-containing filled hydrogels

11.3.2 Bigels

11.3.3 Phase-separated hydrogels

11.3.4 Polymer particle-filled hydrogels

11.4 Conclusion

Three - Applications

12 - Polymeric gels for tissue engineering applications

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Design properties

12.2.1 Physical properties

12.2.1.1 Mechanism of gel formation

12.2.1.2 Mechanical properties

12.2.1.3 Degradation dynamics and behavior

12.2.2 Mass transport properties

12.2.3 Biological properties

12.3 Applications of polymeric gels in tissue engineering

12.3.1 Three-dimensional scaffolds

12.3.2 Injectable scaffolds

12.3.3 Bioactive molecule delivery

12.3.4 Cell delivery

12.3.5 Space filling

12.3.6 Three-dimensional bioprinting

12.4 Future directions and conclusion

13 - Polymeric gels for the controlled drug delivery applications

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Synthesis of stimuli-responsive hydrogels

13.2.1 Thermoresponsive hydrogels

13.2.1.1 Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/Poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer (PNIPAAm-b-PEG)

13.2.1.2 Poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted polyesters

13.2.1.2.1 PLGA-b-PEG.

13.2.1.2.2 PLA-b-PEG.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9780081021804

0081021801

9780081021798

0081021798