The effect of UV light and weather on plastics and elastomers / Laurence W. McKeen.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

McKeen, Laurence W., author.

Series:

PDL handbook series.

Plastics design library

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Plastics--Deterioration.

Plastics.

Elastomers--Deterioration.

Elastomers.

Plastics--Effect of radiation on.

Elastomers--Effect of radiation on.

Ultraviolet radiation.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (465 pages) : illustrations.

Edition:

Fourth edition.

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, MA : Elsevier, [2019]

Summary:

The Effect of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers, Fourth Edition, provides critical data on the effect of UV light and weathering on plastics and elastomers, enabling engineers, designers and R&D professionals to select the right materials when developing plastics products for a range of industries and applications. This information will also support academic researchers and scientists in developing polymeric materials for advanced applications.- Provides vital data on the effects of weather and UV light exposure on plastics and elastomers- Offers practical guidance for engineers and scientists working with plastics for outdoor applications- Expanded revision includes the latest data, polymer classes and newly available materials, including bio-based polymers and plastics for 3D printing

Contents:

Front Cover

The Effect of UV Light and Weather on Plastics and Elastomers

Copyright Page

Contents

Foreword

1 Introduction to Plastics and Polymers

1.1 Polymerization

1.1.1 Addition Polymerization

1.1.2 Condensation Polymerization

1.2 Copolymers

1.3 Linear, Branched, and Crosslinked Polymers

1.4 Polarity

1.5 Unsaturation

1.6 Steric Hindrance

1.7 Isomers

1.7.1 Structural Isomers

1.7.2 Geometric Isomers

1.7.3 Stereoisomers-Syndiotactic, Isotactic, and Atactic

1.8 Inter and Intramolecular Attractions in Polymers

1.8.1 Hydrogen Bonding

1.8.2 van der Waals Forces

1.8.3 Chain Entanglement

1.9 General Classifications

1.9.1 Molecular Weight

1.9.2 Thermosets vs Thermoplastics

1.9.3 Crystalline vs Amorphous

1.10 Plastic Compositions

1.10.1 Fillers, Reinforcement, and Composites

1.10.2 Combustion Modifiers, Fire, Flame Retardants, and Smoke Suppressants

1.10.3 Release Agents

1.10.4 Slip Additives/Internal Lubricants

1.10.5 Antiblock Additives

1.10.6 Catalysts

1.10.7 Impact Modifiers and Tougheners

1.10.8 UV/Radiation Stabilizers

1.10.9 Optical Brighteners

1.10.10 Plasticizers

1.10.11 Pigments, Extenders, Dyes, and Mica

1.10.12 Titanium Dioxide

1.10.13 Carbon Black

1.10.14 Coupling Agents

1.10.15 Thermal Stabilizers

1.10.16 Antistats

1.10.17 Antioxidants

1.10.18 Nucleating Agents/Clarifying Agents

1.10.19 Antimicrobials/Biocides

1.10.20 Oxygen Scavengers

1.10.21 Odor Absorbers

1.10.22 Desiccants

1.11 Polymer Nomenclature

1.12 Summary

References

2 Introduction to the Weathering of Plastics

2.1 Physical Processes of Weathering on Plastic Materials

2.2 Chemical Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Plastic Materials

2.2.1 Ozone

2.2.2 Sulfur Dioxide

2.2.3 Nitrogen Dioxide.

2.2.4 Photodegradation and Photo Oxidation-UV Degradation Processes

2.3 Mechanisms of UV Stabilization

2.4 UV Stabilizers

2.4.1 UV Absorbers

2.4.2 Hindered Amine Stabilizers

2.4.3 Phenolic Antioxidants

2.4.4 Phosphites and Phosphonites

2.4.5 Inorganic Screeners

2.4.6 Thiosynergists

2.4.7 Optical Brighteners

2.4.8 Acid Scavenger

2.4.9 Quencher

2.4.10 Synergistic Mixtures of Stabilizers

2.5 Testing

2.5.1 Indoor Exposure

2.5.2 Outdoor Testing

2.5.3 Conventional Aging

2.5.4 Conventional Aging With Spray

2.5.5 Accelerated Outdoor Tests

2.5.5.1 Equatorial Mount With Mirrors for Acceleration

2.5.5.2 Equatorial Mount With Mirrors for Acceleration Plus Water (EMMAqua)

2.5.5.3 Ultra-Accelerated Exposure Testing

2.5.6 Artificial Accelerated Tests

2.5.6.1 Xenon Arc

2.5.6.2 Fluorescent or QUV

2.5.6.3 Carbon Arc Fade-Ometer

2.5.6.4 SEPAP

2.5.6.5 Ozone Testing

3 Introduction to the Physical, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Plastics and Elastomers

3.1 Appearance Properties

3.1.1 Color

3.1.2 Gloss Measurement

3.1.3 Haze Measurement

3.1.4 Yellowness Index

3.2 Mechanical Property Testing of Plastics

3.2.1 Tensile Properties

3.2.2 Rigidity of Plastics Materials

3.2.3 Shear Properties

3.2.4 Flexural Properties

3.2.5 Puncture and Impact Properties

3.2.5.1 High-Speed Puncture Test

3.2.5.2 Drop Dart Impact Test for Plastics Film

3.2.5.3 Izod Impact Strength and Charpy Impact Strength

3.2.5.4 Gardner and Falling Dart Impact Strength

3.2.6 Tear Properties

3.2.6.1 Elmendorf Tear Strength

3.2.6.2 Trouser Tear Resistance

3.2.7 Toughness

3.3 Thermal Property Testing of Plastics

3.3.1 Melt Flow Index

3.3.2 Heat Deflection Temperature

3.3.3 Vicat Softening Temperature

3.3.4 Melting Point (Tm).

3.3.5 Glass Transition Temperature, Tg

3.3.5.1 Mechanical Methods of Estimating Tg

3.3.5.2 Thermal Mechanical Analysis

3.3.5.3 Thermal Methods of Estimating Tg

4 Styrenic Plastics

4.1 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene Copolymer

4.2 Polystyrene

4.2.1 General Purpose Polystyrene

4.2.2 High-Impact Polystyrene

4.2.3 Syndiotactic Polystyrene

4.3 Styrene-Acrylonitrile (SAN) Copolymer

4.4 Acrylonitrile-Styrene-Acrylate

5 Polyesters

5.1 Polycarbonate

5.1.1 Weathering Properties

5.1.2 Stabilization

5.1.3 Polycarbonate Blends

5.1.3.1 Weathering Properties

5.1.3.2 Stabilization

5.2 Polybutylene Terephthalate

5.2.1 Weathering Properties

5.2.1.1 Stabilization

5.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate

5.3.1 Weathering Properties

5.3.1.1 Stabilization

5.4 Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP)

5.4.1 Weathering Properties

5.5 Polyethylene Naphthalate

5.5.1 Weathering

5.6 Copolyesters

6 Polyimides

6.1 Polyetherimide

6.2 Polyamide-Imide

6.3 Polyimide

6.4 Thermoplastic Polyimide

7 Polyamides (Nylons)

7.1 Polyamide 6 (Nylon 6)

7.2 Polyamide 11 (Nylon 11)

7.3 Polyamide 12 (Nylon 12)

7.4 Polyamide 66 (Nylon 66)

7.5 Polyamide 610 (PA610)

7.6 Polyamide 666 (PA666 or 6/66)

7.7 Polyarylamide

7.8 PPA-Polyphthalamide/High-Performance Polyamide

7.9 Amorphous Polyamide (Polyamide Copolymers)

7.10 Polyaramid

8 Polyolefins

8.1 Polyethylene

8.1.1 Linear Low-Density Polyethylene

8.1.2 Low-Density Polyethylene

8.1.3 High-Density Polyethylene

8.1.4 Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene

8.2 Polypropylene

8.3 Cyclic Olefin Copolymer

8.4 Poly-4-methyl-1-pentene

8.5 Plastomer

9 Polyvinyls and Acrylics

9.1 Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer.

9.2 Polyvinyl Chloride

9.3 Polyacrylics

9.4 Ionomers

10 Elastomers and Rubbers

10.1 Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers (TPU)

10.2 Olefinic Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPO)

10.3 Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers (TPE-E or COPE)

10.4 Thermoplastic Polyether Block Polyamide Elastomers (TPA-ET or PEBA)

10.5 Chlorobutyl Rubber (Polychloroprene)

10.6 Butyl Rubber

10.7 Epichlorohydrin Rubber (CO, ECO)

10.8 Ethylene-Propylene Rubbers (EPR, EPDM)

10.9 Fluoroelastomers (FKM)

10.10 Natural Rubber

10.11 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Copolymer (NBR)

10.12 Styrene-Butadiene Rubber

10.13 Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer (EVA)

10.14 Polysulfide Rubber

10.15 Polysiloxane/Silicone Rubber

11 Fluoropolymers

11.1 Polytetrafluoroethylene

11.2 Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene

11.3 Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA)

11.4 Amorphous fluoropolymer-Teflon AF

11.5 Polyvinyl Fluoride

11.6 Polychlorotrifluoroethylene

11.7 Polyvinylidene Fluoride

11.8 Ethylene-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer (ETFE)

11.9 Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene Copolymer (ECTFE)

11.10 Tetrafluoroethylene, Hexafluoropropylene, Vinylidene Fluoride Terpolymer (THV)

12 High-Temperature/High-Performance Polymers

12.1 Polyaryl Ether Ketone

12.2 Polyphenylene Sulfide

12.3 Polysulfone

12.4 Polyphenylsulfone

12.5 Polyethersulfone

12.6 Parylene (Poly(p-Xylylene))

12.7 Polyoxymethylene (POM or Acetal Homopolymer)/Polyoxymethylene Copolymer (POM-Co or Acetal Copolymer)

12.7.1 POM (Homopolymer)

12.7.2 POM-Co (Copolymer)

12.8 Polysiloxane

13 Renewable Resource, Sustainable and Biodegradable Polymers

13.1 Cellulose-Based Materials

13.1.1 Cellophane

13.1.2 Nitrocellulose

13.1.3 Cellulose Acetate

13.1.4 Cellulose Acetate Butyrate.

13.1.5 Ethyl Cellulose

13.2 Polycaprolactone

13.3 Poly(lactic acid)

13.4 Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate

Index

Back Cover.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

0-12-817271-1

0-12-816457-3