Sustainable desalination handbook : plant selection, design and implementation / Veera Gnaneswar Gude.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Gude, Veera Gnaneswar, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Renewable energy sources--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Renewable energy sources.

Saline water conversion.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (571 pages) : illustrations (some color)

Place of Publication:

Oxford, England ; Cambridge, Massachusetts : Butterworth-Heinemann, 2018.

Summary:

Sustainable Desalination Handbook: Plant Selection, Design and Implementation provides the comprehensive knowledge base required for efficient and sustainable process design for existing and new desalination plants around the world. This valuable resource for understanding and utilizing the most recent developments in desalination technologies and methods addresses the necessary components, including process design and implementation, operational strategies, and novel discoveries that minimize environmental impacts. In addition, the book features essential illustrations, operational details, issues and potential solutions and sustainable management strategies for present and future desalination plants.- Explains plant design and process selection criteria for each desalination process- Presents international regulations and permitting for intake and discharge locations, design and disposal- Provides energy recovery schemes, optimization and process controls- Covers renewable energy sources, such as nuclear, geothermal, solar and wind powered desalination, energy storage and optimization- Includes case studies of recent desalination projects and process design

Contents:

Front Cover

Sustainable Desalination Handbook: Application and Thermodynamics

Copyright

Dedication

Contents

Contributors

Biography

Preface

Part 1-Desalination Process Selection and Implementation

Part 2-Issues in Sustainable Desalination

Acknowledgments

Part 1: Desalination Process Selection and Implementation

Chapter 1: Membrane Desalination-Process Selection, Design, and Implementation

1.1. Overview

1.1.1. Single- and Multiple-Pass RO Systems

1.1.2. Single and Multiple RO Stage Systems

1.2. NF System Configurations

1.3. BWRO System Configurations

1.4. Seawater System Configurations

1.4.1. Single-Pass SWRO Systems

1.4.2. Two-Pass SWRO Systems

1.4.2.1. Conventional Full-Two-Pass SWRO Systems

1.4.2.2. Split-Partial Two-Pass SWRO Systems

1.4.3. Product Water Quality of Single- and Two-Pass SWRO Systems

1.4.4. Four-Stage SWRO Systems

1.4.5. Two-Stage SWRO Systems

1.4.6. Hybrid SWRO Systems With Multiple Passes and Stages

1.4.7. Three-Center RO System Configuration

References

Chapter 2: Energy Efficiency of Reverse Osmosis

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Energetics of Desalination

2.2.1 Thermodynamic Minimum Energy

2.2.2 Energy Consumption in Reverse Osmosis With Second Law of Thermodynamics Framework

2.3 Reverse Osmosis Energy Consumption

2.3.1 Membrane Energy Consumption

2.3.1.1 The Solution-Diffusion Model

2.3.1.2 Resistance in the Membrane

2.3.1.3 Resistance From Fouling

2.3.1.4 Kinetics and the Flux/Rejection Trade-off

2.3.2 Module Energy Consumption

2.3.2.1 Spiral Wound Modules

Feed Channel Pressure Drop

Feed Channel Concentration Polarization

Permeate Channel Pressure Drop

2.3.2.2 Hollow Fiber Modules

2.3.3 System-Level Energy Consumption and Efficiency of Power Source

2.4 Conclusion and Future Opportunities.

References

Further Reading

Chapter 3: Environmental Impact and Technoeconomic Analysis of Hybrid MSF/RO Desalination: The Case Study of Al Taweelah A2 ...

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Hybrid Desalination Systems

3.2.1 Hybrid RO Desalination Systems

3.2.2 Hybrid FO Desalination Systems

3.2.3 Hybrid MED Desalination Systems

3.2.4 Hybrid MSF Desalination Systems

3.3 Case Study: Technoeconomic Assessment and Environmental Impacts of Hybridization for Al Taweelah A2 MSF Plant in A ...

3.3.1 Al Taweelah A2 Plant Case Study-Methodology

3.3.1.1 Modeling, Economics, and Environmental Impact of MSF

3.3.1.2 Modeling, Economics, and Environmental Impact of RO

3.3.1.3 Modeling, Economics, and Environmental Impact of Hybrid MSF/RO

3.4 Results and Discussion

3.4.1 Energy Consumption of MSF, RO, and Hybrid MSF/RO

3.4.2 Economics and Water Cost of MSF, RO, and Hybrid MSF/RO

3.4.3 Environmental Impacts of MSF, RO, and Hybrid MSF/RO

3.4.4 Sensitivity Analysis in Hybrid MSF/RO-Impact of Feed Seawater Flow Rate

3.5 Future Prospects of Desalination Technologies

3.6 Conclusion

Acknowledgment

Chapter 4: Trigeneration and Polygeneration Configurations for Desalination and Other Beneficial Processes

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 Polygeneration With Solar-Driven Multiple-Effect Desalination (MED)

4.1.2 Concentrating Photovoltaic/Thermal Collectors (CPVT)

4.1.3 Desalination

4.2 Layout of the Systems Investigated

4.2.1 Geothermal Polygeneration Plant (GP)

4.2.2 Biomass Polygeneration Plant (BP)

4.3 Simulation Model

4.3.1 Energy Model (TRNSYS)

4.3.1.1 CPVT

4.3.1.2 MED

First Effect

Generic Effects from 2 to 8

Condenser

4.3.1.3 System Level

Primary Energy Savings

4.3.2 Economic Model

4.3.3 Exergy Model

4.3.3.1 CPVT Collectors

4.3.3.2 MED Unit.

4.3.4 Exergoeconomic Model

4.3.4.1 Submodel 1-"Summer Season"

CPVT

HE1

Diverter 1, D1

Storage Tank TK1

ACH + HE3 + auxiliaries"

Storage Tank TK2

M1

Auxiliary Heater, AH

Mixer M3

MED

Diverter D3

4.3.4.2 Submodel 2-"Winter Season"

Heat Exchanger HE2

4.4 Results

4.4.1 Thermoeconomic Analysis Results

4.4.1.1 BP System

4.4.1.2 GP System

4.4.2 Exergy Analysis Results

4.4.3 Exergoeconomic Analysis Results

4.4.3.1 Economic Feasibility of the Renewable Polygeneration System

4.5 Conclusion

Chapter 5: Design and Construction of Open Intakes

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Open Intakes

5.2.1 Types and Configurations

5.2.1.1 Onshore Open Intakes

5.2.1.2 Offshore Open Intakes

5.2.1.3 Colocated Intakes

Configuration

Potential Colocation Benefits

Potential Colocation Challenges

5.2.2 Selection of Open Intake Type

5.2.2.1 Onshore versus Offshore Intake

5.2.2.2 Wedgewire Screens vs. Conventional Inlet Structure

5.2.3 Selection of Open Intake Location

5.2.4 Minimization of Impingement and Entrainment Impacts

5.2.5 Design Considerations

5.2.5.1 Onshore Intakes

5.2.5.2 Offshore Intakes

Bathymetric Profile

Geotechnical Survey

Wave and Tide Survey

Underwater Current Survey

Biological (Ecological) Survey

Source Water Quality Profile

5.2.5.3 Offshore Intake Inlet Structure-Design and Construction Considerations

Inlet Depth

Inlet Screens

Inlet Materials

Inlet Configuration

Intake Water Conduit Configuration

Intake Pipeline Materials

5.2.6 Costs of Open Intakes

5.2.6.1 Construction Costs of Onshore Intakes

5.2.6.2 Construction Costs of Offshore Intakes

Chapter 6: Design and Construction of Subsurface Intakes

6.1 Subsurface Intake Systems for Desalination Feedwater Supply.

6.1.1 Vertical Beach Wells

6.1.2 Ranney Collector Wells

6.1.2.1 Ranney Collector Well-Sonoma Type

6.1.3 Horizontal Directional Drilling Wells

6.1.4 Slant Wells

6.1.5 Subsurface Infiltration Galleries

6.1.5.1 Engineered Beach Gallery

6.1.5.2 Offshore Galleries

6.2 Selected Case Histories

6.2.1 Vertical Beach Wells

6.2.1.1 Al-Birk Desalination Plant, Saudi Arabia

6.2.2 Ranney Collector Wells

6.2.2.1 Salina Cruz, Mexico

6.2.3 Horizontal Directionally Drilled Wells

6.2.3.1 San Pedro del Pinatar, Spain

6.2.4 Slant Wells

6.2.4.1 Doheny Ocean Desalination Project-Dana Point California

Silt Density Index

Dissolved Iron and Manganese in Old Marine Groundwater

6.2.4.2 Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project

6.2.5 Subsurface Infiltration Galleries

6.2.5.1 Long Beach Pilot Study, California-Beach Gallery

6.2.5.2 Fukuoka, Japan

6.3 Subsurface Intake Systems-Advantages and Disadvantages

6.3.1 Advantages

6.3.2 Disadvantages

6.4 Summary of Findings

6.4.1 Findings Related to Subsurface Intakes in General

6.4.2 Findings Related to Subsurface Intakes Using Wells

6.4.3 Findings Related to Infiltration Galleries

Chapter 7: Brine Disposal and Management-Planning, Design, and Implementation

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Desalination Technology

7.3 Environmental Considerations and Rules

7.3.1 Siting of Costal Desalinations

7.3.2 Brine Disposal

7.4 Brine Discharge Modeling and Design

7.4.1 Numerical Models

7.4.1.1 Integral Models

7.4.1.2 Computational Fluid Dynamics Models

7.4.2 Experimental Models

7.4.2.1 Single-Port Discharges

7.4.2.2 Multiport Diffuser

7.4.2.3 Discharge in Shallow Water

7.4.2.4 Surface Discharge

7.5 Conclusions

Further Reading.

Chapter 8: Post-Treatment of Desalinated Water-Chemistry, Design, Engineering, and Implementation

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 Considerations Associated With Desalinated Water Quality

8.1.1.1 Interaction of the Water With the Distribution System

8.1.1.2 Public Health

8.1.1.3 Suitability for Irrigation Purposes

8.1.1.4 Possible Detrimental Effects on Downstream Wastewater Treatment Plants

8.1.1.5 Effect on the Quality of Reclaimed Water Used for Agricultural Irrigation

8.1.2 Water Quality Parameters

8.1.3 Chemicals Used for Corrosion Minimization in Water Distribution Systems

8.1.3.1 Post-Treatment Nomenclature

8.1.4 Subjects Not Included in the Scope of this Chapter: Disinfection, Fluoridation, Boron Removal, and Aeration

8.2 Basic Chemical Principles

8.2.1 The Carbonate System

8.2.2 Aqueous-Gaseous Phase Interaction (CO2 Saturation State)

8.2.3 H2CO3*alkalinity

8.2.4 Buffer Capacity

8.2.5 pH

8.2.6 CaCO3 Solubility

8.2.7 Dolomite Solubility

8.2.8 CaCO3 Dissolution Indices

8.2.9 Main Gaps in Knowledge

8.3 Desalination Post-Treatment Methods: State of the Art

8.3.1 Direct Dosage of Chemicals

8.3.1.1 Dosage of Ca(OH)2 + CO2

8.3.1.2 Dosage of Ca(OH)2 + Na2CO3 or Ca(OH)2 + NaHCO3

8.3.1.3 Dosage of CaCl2 + NaHCO3

8.3.1.4 Dosage of Na2CO3 + CO2 or NaOH + CO2

8.3.2 Blending Desalinated Water With Other Water Sources

8.3.3 Calcite Dissolution Processes

8.3.3.1 Acidifying Agents Used to Enhance Calcite Dissolution

8.3.3.2 Final pH Adjustment

8.3.3.3 Unintentional CO2(g) Stripping

8.3.4 Dolomite Dissolution

8.3.5 Sources of CO2 Used in the PT Step

8.4 Innovative Post-Treatment Processes for Attaining Magnesium in the Product Water

8.4.1 Calcite Dissolution Combined With an Ion Exchange Step (IX) (The Calcite Dissolution-IX Process).

8.4.2 Dolomite Dissolution Combined With Calcite Dissolution.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9780128094969

0128094966

9780128092408

0128092408