Metal Fatigue.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Murakami, Yukitaka.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Metals--Fatigue.

Metals.

Metals--Defects.

Metals--Inclusions.

Physical Description:

1 online resource : illustrations

Edition:

2nd ed.

Place of Publication:

San Diego : Elsevier Science & Technology, 2019.

Summary:

Metal fatigue is an essential consideration for engineers and researchers looking at factors that cause metals to fail through stress, corrosion, or other processes.Predicting the influence of small defects and non-metallic inclusions on fatigue with any degree of accuracy is a particularly complex part of this.Metal Fatigue: Effects of Small.

Contents:

Front Cover

Metal Fatigue: Effects of Small Defects and Nonmetallic Inclusions

Copyright Page

Contents

Preface to the second edition

Preface to the first edition

1 Mechanism of fatigue in the absence of defects and inclusions

1.1 What is a fatigue limit?

1.1.1 Steels

1.1.2 Nonferrous metals

1.2 Relationship between static strength and fatigue strength

References

2 Stress concentration

2.1 Stress concentrations at holes and notches

2.2 Stress concentration at a crack

2.2.1 'area' as a new geometrical parameter

2.2.2 Effective 'area' for particular cases

2.2.3 Cracks at stress concentrations

2.2.4 Interaction between two cracks

2.2.5 Interaction between a crack and a free surface

3 Notch effect and size effect

3.1 Notch effect

3.1.1 Effect of stress distribution at notch roots

3.1.2 Nonpropagating cracks at notch roots

3.2 Size effect

4 Effect of size and geometry of small defects on the fatigue limit

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Influence of extremely shallow notches or extremely short cracks

4.3 Fatigue tests on specimens containing small artificial defects

4.3.1 Effect of small artificial holes having the diameter d equal to the depth h

4.3.2 Effect of small artificial holes having different diameters and depths

4.4 Critical stress for fatigue crack initiation from a small crack

5 Effect of hardness HV on fatigue limits of materials containing defects, and fatigue limit prediction equations

5.1 Relationship between ΔKth and the geometrical parameter, area

5.2 Material parameter HV which controls fatigue limits

5.3 Application of the prediction equations

5.4 Limits of applicability of the prediction equations.

5.5 The importance of the finding that specimens with an identical value of area for small holes or small cracks have ident...

5.6 Effect of orientation of small defects on the fatigue limit of steels

5.7 Fatigue limit prediction for a small defect at a notch root

5.8 Summary of the area parameter model

6 Effects of nonmetallic inclusions on fatigue strength

6.1 Review of existing studies and current problems

6.1.1 Correlation of material cleanliness and inclusion rating with fatigue strength

6.1.2 Size and location of inclusions and fatigue strength

6.1.3 Mechanical properties of microstructure and fatigue strength

6.1.4 Influence of nonmetallic inclusions related to the direction and mode of loading

6.1.5 Inclusion problem factors

6.2 Similarity of effects of nonmetallic inclusions and small defects and a unifying interpretation

6.3 Quantitative evaluation of effects of nonmetallic inclusions: strength prediction equations and their application

6.4 Causes of fatigue strength scatter for high-strength steels and scatter band prediction

6.5 Effect of mean stress

6.5.1 Quantitative evaluation of the mean stress effect on fatigue of materials containing small defects

6.5.2 Effects of both nonmetallic inclusions and mean stress in hard steels

6.5.3 Prediction of the lower bound of scatter and its application

6.6 Estimation of maximum inclusion size areamax by microscopic examination of a microstructure

6.6.1 Measurement of areamax for largest inclusions by optical microscopy

6.6.2 True and apparent maximum sizes of inclusions

6.6.3 Two-dimensional prediction method for largest inclusion size and evaluation by numerical simulation

7 Bearing steels

7.1 Influence of steel processing

7.2 Inclusions at fatigue fracture origins.

7.3 Cleanliness and fatigue properties

7.3.1 Total oxygen (O) content

7.3.2 Ti content

7.3.3 Ca content

7.3.4 Sulphur (S) content

7.4 Fatigue strength of superclean bearing steels and the role of nonmetallic inclusions

7.5 Tessellated stresses associated with inclusions: thermal residual stresses around inclusions

7.6 What happens to the fatigue limit of bearing steels without nonmetallic inclusions?-Fatigue strength of electron beam r...

7.6.1 Material and experimental procedure

7.6.2 Inclusion rating based on the statistics of extremes

7.6.3 Fatigue test results

7.6.4 The true character of small inhomogeneities at fracture origins

8 Spring steels

8.1 Spring steels (SUP12) for automotive components

8.2 Explicit analysis of nonmetallic inclusions, shot peening, decarburised layers, surface roughness, and corrosion pits i...

8.2.1 Materials and experimental procedure

8.2.2 Interaction of factors influencing fatigue strength

8.2.2.1 Effect of shot peening

8.2.2.2 Effects of nonmetallic inclusions and corrosion pits

8.2.2.3 Prediction of scatter in fatigue strength using the statistics of extreme

8.3 Mechanism of creation of residual stress by shot peeing: a typical misconception and reality

8.3.1 Materials and method of experiment

8.3.1.1 Drop shot of a steel ball

8.3.2 Residual stress by a single shot

8.3.3 Superposition of residual stresses by the second shot

8.3.4 Residual stresses by multiple shots

8.3.5 Rotating-bending fatigue test of a specimen after a single shot

9 Tool steels: effect of carbides

9.1 Low-temperature forging and microstructure

9.2 Static strength and fatigue strength

9.3 Relationship between carbide size and fatigue strength

References.

10 Effects of shape and size of artificially introduced alumina particles on 1.5Ni-Cr-Mo (En24) steel

10.1 Artificially introduced alumina particles with controlled sizes and shapes, specimens and test stress

10.2 Rotating bending fatigue tests without shot peening

10.3 Rotating bending fatigue tests on shot-peened specimens

10.4 Tension compression fatigue tests

11 Nodular cast iron and powder metal

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Fatigue strength prediction of nodular cast irons by considering graphite nodules to be equivalent to small defects

11.3 Parameters to be considered for fatigue limit predictions

11.3.1 Nature of fatigue limit of NCI

11.3.2 Fatigue limit prediction method for NCI specimens containing small defects

11.3.3 Prediction of the fatigue limit of smooth specimens and the influence of microshrinkage cavities

11.4 Powder metal: effects of pores and microstructures

11.4.1 Materials and experimental procedures

11.4.2 Microstructure

11.4.3 Fatigue cracks

11.4.4 Effect of the size of Fe particles on fatigue strength

12 Influence of Si-phase on fatigue properties of aluminium alloys

12.1 Materials, specimens and experimental procedure

12.2 Fatigue mechanism

12.2.1 Continuously cast material

12.2.2 Extruded material

12.2.3 Fatigue behaviour of specimens containing an artificial hole

12.3 Mechanisms of ultralong fatigue life

12.4 Low-cycle fatigue

12.4.1 Fatigue mechanism

12.4.2 Continuously cast material

12.4.3 Extruded material

12.4.4 Comparison with high-cycle fatigue

12.4.5 Cyclic property characterisation

12.5 Summary

13 Ti alloys

13.1 General nature of fatigue fracture origin in Ti alloys

13.2 Very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

13.3 Effects of notches and burrs on high cycle fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V

13.3.1 Introduction

13.3.2 Test specimen and experimental method for notch effect test

13.3.3 Fatigue limit and the area parameter model

13.3.4 Crack initiation and nonpropagating cracks

13.3.5 Effect of a burr beside a drilled hole

14 Torsional fatigue

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Effect of small artificial defects on torsional fatigue strength

14.2.1 Ratio of torsional fatigue strength to bending fatigue strength

14.2.2 The state of nonpropagating cracks at the torsional fatigue limit

14.2.3 Torsional fatigue of high carbon Cr bearing steel

14.3 Effects of small cracks

14.3.1 Material and test procedures

14.3.2 Fatigue test results

14.3.3 Crack initiation and propagation from precracks

14.3.4 Fracture mechanics evaluation of the effect of small cracks on torsional fatigue

14.3.5 Prediction of torsional fatigue limit by the area parameter model

15 The mechanism of fatigue failure in the very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) life regime of N&gt

107 cycles

15.1 Mechanism of elimination of conventional fatigue limit: influence of hydrogen trapped by inclusions

15.1.1 Method of data analysis

15.1.2 Material, specimens and experimental method

15.1.3 Distribution of residual stress and hardness

15.1.4 Fracture origins

15.1.5 S-N curves

15.1.6 Details of fracture surface morphology and influence of hydrogen

15.2 Fractographic investigation

15.2.1 Measurement of surface roughness

15.2.2 The outer border of a fish eye

15.2.3 Crack growth rate and fatigue life

15.3 Conclusions when the first edition of this book was published

15.4 Mechanism of very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) and fatigue design

15.4.1 Mechanics of small cracks and VHCF.

15.4.2 Interpretation of VHCF data and mechanism of elimination of fatigue threshold.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

0-12-813876-9

OCLC:

1105145165