Green sustainable process for chemical and environmental engineering and science : supercritical carbon dioxide as green solvent / edited by Inamuddin, Abdullah M. Asiri, Arun M. Isloor.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Asiri, Abdullah M.

Contributor:

Inamuddin, 1980- editor.

Asiri, Abdullah M., editor.

Isloor, Arun M., editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Solvents--Environmental aspects.

Solvents.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (508 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, Netherlands ; Kidlington, Oxford, England ; Cambridge, Massachusetts : Elsevier, [2020]

Summary:

Green Sustainable Processes for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as Green Solvent provides an in-depth review on the area of green processes for the industry, focusing on the separation, purification and extraction of medicinal, biological and bioactive compounds utilizing supercritical carbon.

Contents:

Front Cover

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as Green ...

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

Chapter 1: Polymer production and processing using supercritical carbon dioxide

1. Introduction

2. Properties of supercritical CO2

3. Applications of SCO2 in polymer production and processing

3.1. Purification of polymers

3.2. Impregnation and supercritical dyeing

3.3. Particle production

3.4. Polymer modification

4. Polymer production

4.1. Step-growth polymerization

4.2. Chain growth polymerization

4.2.1. Homogeneous polymerization

4.2.2. Precipitation polymerization

4.2.3. Dispersion polymerization

4.2.4. Suspension polymerization

4.2.5. Emulsion polymerization

5. Polymer processing

5.1. Plasticization of polymers

5.2. Viscosity reduction

5.3. Microcellular foam

5.4. Polymer blending

6. Future prospects

7. Challenges ahead

8. Conclusion

References

Chapter 2: Extraction of lipids from algae using supercritical carbon dioxide

2. Lipid accumulation in microalgae

3. Existing methods for lipid extraction from microalgae

3.1. Folch and Bligh &amp

Dyer extraction methods

3.2. Superior solvents extraction method

3.3. Expeller press and bead beating

3.4. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE)

3.5. Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)

3.6. Osmotic shock

3.7. Oxidative stress

3.8. Electroporation

3.9. Isotonic extraction method

3.10. Enzymatic disruption

4. Problems associated with currently available methods

5. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL)

6. Supercritical fluid extraction

6.1. Major advantages of supercritical fluid extraction

6.2. Extraction of lipids from microalgae using supercritical carbon dioxide.

6.3. Application of supercritical fluid extraction

7. Conclusions and future perspectives

Chapter 3: Extraction of catechins from green tea using supercritical carbon dioxide

2. Green solvent

3. Carbon dioxide as a green solvent

4. Green tea composition and bioactives

4.1. Decaffeination of green tea leaves

4.2. Catechin

4.3. Physical properties of catechin

4.4. Chemical properties of catechin

4.5. Biological potential of catechin

5. Extraction techniques

5.1. Conventional extraction

5.2. Pressurized liquid extraction

5.3. Microwave-assisted extraction

5.4. Solid phase extraction

5.5. Ultrasound-assisted extraction

5.6. Aqueous two-phase extraction

5.7. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

6. Standardization of method

7. Operating parameters

7.1. Effect of temperature and pressure

7.2. Effect of flow rate

7.3. Effect of organic modifier

7.4. Extraction time

7.5. Particle size

7.6. Drying time

7.7. The water content in the supercritical fluid extraction

8. Qualitative assessment

8.1. Microbial aspects

9. Conclusion

Further reading

Chapter 4: Application of supercritical CO2 for enhanced oil recovery

2. Aromatic plants and EOs

3. Extraction methods

4. Supercritical fluid extraction

5. Factors affecting SFE

5.1. Plant matrix

5.2. Extraction operational conditions

5.3. Strategies to improve extraction efficiency and selectivity

6. Comparison of SFE-CO2 with other extraction techniques for oil recovery

7. Conclusions

Chapter 5: Metal recovery using supercritical carbon dioxide

2. Processes for recycling of WEEE

2.1. Leaching of metals

2.2. Supercritical fluids.

2.2.1. Experimental systems for the extraction of metals using supercritical fluids

2.2.2. Recycling of WEEE using supercritical CO2 (ScCO2)

3. Extraction of metal ions from aqueous solutions using ScCO2 in the presence of complexing agents

4. Extraction of metals from solid and particulate matrices using ScCO2

5. Conclusions

Chapter 6: Use of supercritical carbon dioxide in alkylation reactions

2. Supercritical fluids as sustainable solvents

3. Supercritical carbon dioxide as unique green solvent

3.1. Unique properties of supercritical CO2

3.2. Advantages of scCO2

3.3. Disadvantages of scCO2

4. Reaction with scCO2

5. ScCO2 in alkylation reactions

5.1. Friedel Craft's alkylation reaction

5.1.1. Challenges in FC reaction

5.1.2. Use of scCO2 in FC reaction

5.1.3. Application of scCO2 in FC reactions of aromatic substrates

5.2. Alkylation of olefins

5.3. Allylic alkylation

5.4. Transalkylation

5.5. N-alkylation

5.6. Alkylation of alcohols and phenols

6. Conclusion

Chapter 7: Extraction of phytochemicals from saffron by supercritical carbon dioxide

2. Extraction of saffron

3. Supercritical CO2 system for saffron extraction

3.1. Effect of sample condition on extraction performance

3.2. Acceptable range of extraction conditions

3.3. Optimization using RSM

3.4. Purification of saffron extract

4. Economic assessment on supercritical CO2 extraction of saffron

5. Conclusion

Chapter 8: Extraction of bioactive compounds

2. CO2 as supercritical fluid

3. Supercritical carbon dioxide properties

3.1. Thermodynamics proprieties

3.1.1. Density

3.1.2. Solubility

3.2. Transport properties

4. SC-CO2 extraction.

5. Bioactive compounds extraction by SC-CO2

5.1. Fatty acids

5.2. Essential oils

5.3. Phenolic compounds

5.4. Carotenoids

5.5. Applications of bioactive compounds obtained from SC-CO2

6. Considerations

Chapter 9: Extraction of propolis using supercritical carbon dioxide

2. Propolis: Geographical origin and biological properties

3. SFE using CO2

4. Patents

Chapter 10: Solubility of pharmaceutical compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide: Application, experimental, and mathem ...

1.1. Crystal modification

1.1.1. Application of SC-CO2 in polymorphism and polymorphic transformation

1.1.2. Application of SC-CO2 in crystal polymorphs preparation by nonsolvent method

1.1.3. Application of SC-CO2 as antisolvent in crystal polymorphs preparation (SEDS)

1.1.4. Application of SC-CO2 in drug particle design

1.2. Application of SC-CO2 in separation and reaction processes

2. Solubility of pharmaceutics in SC-CO2

2.1. Solubility measurement methods of solid solutes in supercritical solvent

2.1.1. Static method

2.1.2. Dynamic method

2.1.3. Validity of the experimental values

2.2. Solubility of pharmaceutical compounds in SC-CO2

2.3. Application of cosolvent in drug extraction using SC-CO2

2.4. SC-CO2 as antisolvent

3. Solid solubility in SC-CO2 using EOSs

3.1. Calculation of solids solubility in SCFs

3.2. Solubility prediction of drug components using cubic EOS

3.2.1. Peng-Robinson, Soave-Redlich-Kwong, and Petal-Taja-Valderrama as two and three parameters cubic EOSs

3.2.2. Esmaeilzadeh and Roshanfekr EOS

3.2.3. Kwak-Mansoori-PR EOS

3.2.4. Pazuki et al. 1 (PAZ1) EOS

3.2.5. Modified PR and Pazuki et al. 2 (PAZ2)

3.2.6. Peng-Robinson-Stryjeck-Vera (PRSV).

3.2.7. PR EOS for solvent/CO2/drug ternary system

3.3. Solubility prediction of drug component using noncubic EOS

3.3.1. Leonhard-Kraska (EOS)

3.3.2. SAFT of variable range EOS

3.3.3. Perturebed-chain polar statistical associating fluid theory

3.3.4. Association-SRK EOS with quadruple effect (qCPA) EOS

3.4. Solubility parameter-based models

3.4.1. Solution model theory

3.5. Mathematical models

3.5.1. Association model for drug-CO2 system

3.5.2. Association model for drug-cosolvent-CO2 system

3.5.3. PR-COSMO-SAC model for drug solubility in SC-CO2 system

3.5.4. PR-COSMO model for drug-cosolvent-CO2 system

3.5.5. Activity coefficient model based on the COSMO method

3.5.6. ANN system

3.5.7. Molecular dynamics simulation

3.6. Empirical correlations

3.6.1. Comparative study 1

3.6.2. Comparative study 2

4. Conclusion

Chapter 11: Decaffeination using supercritical carbon dioxide

2. Carbon dioxide as a green supercritical fluid

3. Why extracting caffeine?

4. Decaffeination by supercritical technology

4.1. Batch process

4.2. Semicontinuous and continuous processes

4.3. Process parameters

4.3.1. Temperature

4.3.2. Pressure

4.3.3. Time

4.3.4. Solvent to feed mass ratio

4.3.5. Cosolvent type and concentration

4.4. Economic approach

4.5. Life-cycle assessment approach

5. Decaffeination of coffee

6. Decaffeination of tea

7. Decaffeination using carbon dioxide at industrial scale

8. Future outlooks

Chapter 12: Supercritical fluids for the extraction of oleoresins and plant phenolics

2. Oleoresins and plant phenolics

2.1. Types of oleoresins

2.2. Conventional extraction methods for oleoresins

2.3. Classification of plant phenolics.

2.4. Identification and quantification of plant phenolics.

Notes:

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9780128173893

0128173890

OCLC:

1127212044