Biomedical composites / edited by Luigi Ambrosio.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Ambrosio, Luigi, editor.

Series:

Woodhead Publishing series in biomaterials.

Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials

Standardized Title:

Biomedical composites (Ambrosio)

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biomedical materials.

Composite materials.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (618 pages).

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Duxford, England : Woodhead Publishing, 2017.

Summary:

Biomedical Composites, Second Edition, provides revised, expanded, and updated content suitable for those active in the biomaterials and bioengineering field. Three new chapters cover modeling of biocomposites, 3D printing of customized scaffolds, and constructs and regulatory issues. Chapters from the first edition have been revised in order to provide up-to-date, comprehensive coverage of developments in the field. Part One discusses the fundamentals of biocomposites, with Part Two detailing a wide range of applications of biocomposites. Chapters in Part Three discuss the biocompatibility, mechanical behavior, and failure of biocomposites, while the final section looks at the future for biocomposites. Professor Luigi Ambrosio is the Director of the Institute for Composite and Biomedical Materials, Italy. He is a renowned scientist with expertise in biomedical composites and has published over 150 papers in international scientific journals and books, 16 patents, and over 250 presentations at international and national conferences. Led by an expert editor with many years of experience in academia and widely recognized as an international expert on biomedical composites Features an overview of biocomposites for a wide range of biomedical applications Provides revised, expanded, and updated coverage, including three new chapters

Contents:

Front Cover

Biomedical Composites

Copyright

Contents

List of contributors

Introduction

Chapter 1: Natural composites: The structure-function relationships of bone, cartilage, tendon/ligament, and the intervert ...

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Bone

1.2.1 Bone structure and composition

1.2.2 Bone cells and bone biology

1.2.3 Bone mechanics at multiple scales

1.3 Cartilage

1.3.1 Cartilage composition and biology

1.3.2 Cartilage mechanical behaviour

1.4 Tendon/ligament

1.4.1 Tendon/ligament composition and biology

1.4.2 Tendon/ligament mechanical behaviour

1.5 Intervertebral disc

1.5.1 Intervertebral disc composition and biology

1.5.2 Intervertebral disc mechanical behaviour

1.6 Conclusions: Lessons learned and implications for repair, replacements, and regeneration

References

Sources of additional information

Chapter 2: Design and fabrication methods for biocomposites

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Production techniques for biocomposite parts

2.3 Conventional composite processing techniques

2.3.1 Extrusion and injection for thermoplastic materials

2.3.2 Filament winding

2.3.3 Compression

2.3.4 Infusion

2.3.5 Autoclaving

2.4 Solution-based techniques

2.4.1 Solvent casting

2.4.2 Phase separation

2.4.3 Electrospinning

2.5 AM technologies

2.6 Influence of the processing parameters on the material characteristics of biocomposites

2.7 Designing with biocomposites for tissue engineering applications

2.8 Conclusions

Chapter 3: Hard tissue applications of biocomposites

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Head and neck applications

3.2.1 Maxillofacial applications

3.2.2 Aural applications

3.2.3 Dental applications

3.3 Axial skeleton applications

3.3.1 Internal applications

3.3.2 External applications.

3.4 Advantages in the use of composites for hard tissue applications

3.5 Disadvantages in the use of composites for hard tissue applications

3.6 Future trends

Chapter 4: Soft tissue application of biocomposites

4.1 The multiphase composition of natural tissues: Inspiration from living soft tissue composites

4.1.1 Soft tissues as structural composites

4.1.2 Soft tissues as composite hydrogels

4.1.3 Soft tissues as multifunctional composites

4.1.4 Biophysical cues of soft tissue composites

4.2 Engineered biocomposites for soft tissue application

4.2.1 Biomimetic and bioinspired structural biocomposites

4.2.2 Biocomposites to control molecular diffusion

4.2.2.1 Biocomposites to guide tissue regeneration

4.2.2.2 Biocomposites for cancer treatment

4.2.3 Multifunctional biocomposites

4.2.3.1 Electroactive soft biocomposites

4.2.3.2 Magnetic soft biocomposites

4.2.3.3 Micro and nanopatterned soft biocomposites

4.2.4 Composites to monitor biological signals

4.3 Conclusions: Engineered composites for soft tissues

Chapter 5: Composite materials for bone repair

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Component selection and general design considerations

5.3 Fabrication of particulate composites

5.4 Fabrication of nanocomposites

5.5 Composite scaffolds

5.6 Mechanisms for enhancing mechanical properties

5.7 Conclusions and future trends

Further Reading

Chapter 6: Composite coatings for implants and tissue engineering scaffolds

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Types of composite coatings

6.2.1 Anti-wear coatings

6.2.2 Biocompatible coatings

6.2.3 AntiBacterial coatings

6.3 Synthesis of composite coatings

6.3.1 Chemical deposition

6.3.2 Electrophoretic deposition

6.3.3 Electrochemical deposition (anodising, electroplating).

6.3.4 Biomimetic deposition

6.3.5 Other deposition methods

6.4 Smart composite coatings

6.5 Summary

Acknowledgements

Chapter 7: Composite materials for spinal implants

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Structure and function of the spine

7.3 Materials and design of spinal implants: the state of the art

7.3.1 Interbody spacers

7.3.2 IVD prostheses

7.4 Composite materials: basic concepts

7.5 Polymer-based composite materials for spinal implants

7.5.1 Composite interbody fusion devices

7.5.2 Composite IVD prostheses

7.6 Conclusions and future trends

Chapter 8: Collagen/chitosan composite scaffolds for bone and cartilage tissue engineering

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 Bone

8.1.1.1 Bone function and structure

8.1.1.2 Bone lesions

8.1.1.3 Current bone treatment options

8.1.2 Cartilage

8.1.2.1 Cartilage function and structure

8.1.2.2 Cartilage lesions

8.1.2.3 Current cartilage treatment options

8.1.3 Tissue engineering

8.1.3.1 Biomaterials for tissue engineering

Collagen as a biomaterial for tissue engineering

Chitosan

Chitosan as a GAG analog

Biocompatibility and degradation

8.1.3.2 Bone tissue engineering

Collagen-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Commercially available collagen-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Chitosan scaffolds for bone repair

Collagen/chitosan scaffolds as in vitro osteoid models

8.1.3.3 Cartilage tissue engineering

Collagen-based scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

Commercially available collagen-based scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

Chitosan scaffolds for cartilage repair

Collagen/chitosan composite scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering

8.2 Conclusions and future perspectives

Further Reading.

Chapter 9: Acrylic bone cements for joint replacement

9.1 Introduction

9.2 A brief history of bone cement

9.3 Biomechanical properties of bone cement

9.3.1 Composition

9.3.2 Storage

9.3.3 Viscosity

9.3.4 Deformation

9.3.5 Thermal properties

9.3.6 Interdigitation

9.3.7 Cement curing

9.3.8 Cement application and the impact of the implant

9.4 Contemporary use: the role of bone cement in arthroplasty

9.4.1 Total Hip arthroplasty

9.4.2 Total knee arthroplasty

9.4.3 Total shoulder and total ankle arthroplasty

9.4.4 The role of bone cement in infection

9.4.5 Factors affecting antibiotic elution

9.4.6 Methods of mixing antibiotic-impregnated cement

9.5 Complications associated with bone cement

9.5.1 Aseptic loosening

9.5.2 Bone cement implantation syndrome

9.6 Conclusion

Chapter 10: Composite materials for ligaments and tendons replacement

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Ligaments and tendons: Tissue biology and anatomy

10.3 State of the art on proposed devices for ligaments and tendons replacement

10.4 Fibre-reinforced composite materials: Fundamentals and technology

10.4.1 Principles of soft composite design

10.5 Composite materials for tissue replacement and tissue-engineered scaffolds

10.6 Conclusion and prospective about composite materials for ligaments and tendons replacement and regeneration

Chapter 11: Composite materials for hip joint prostheses

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Properties of the hip joint

11.3 Materials for hip arthroplasty

11.3.1 Composite bone cements

11.3.2 Materials for acetabular cups

11.3.2.1 Hydroxyapatite-reinforced polymers for acetabular cups

11.3.3 Materials for hip stem

11.4 Polymer-based composite hip

11.4.1 Stem technologies

11.4.2 Polymer-based composite femoral stem.

11.4.3 Modelling

11.4.4 In vitro testing

11.5 Future trends

Chapter 12: 3D printing of biocomposites for osteochondral tissue engineering

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Osteochondral tissue

12.3 Scaffold requirements

12.3.1 Biocompatibility

12.3.2 Biomimicry

12.3.3 Biodegradation

12.3.4 Scaffold architecture and mechanical properties

12.3.5 Printability

12.3.6 Clinical translation

12.4 Materials

12.4.1 Natural polymers

12.4.2 Synthetic polymers

12.4.3 Inorganic materials

12.4.4 Biological materials

12.5 3D printing techniques

12.5.1 Inkjet printing

12.5.2 Extrusion-based printing

12.5.3 Powder-bed fusion

12.5.4 Vat-photopolymerisation process

12.5.5 Melt electrospinning writing

12.6 Future challenges

12.7 Conclusion

Chapter 13: The challenge of biocompatibility evaluation of biocomposites

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Biocomposites

13.3 Do we need biocompatibility evaluation?

13.3.1 Data collection from scientific literature

13.3.2 Data collection from materials suppliers/industries

13.3.3 Data collection from analytical analyses

13.3.4 Data collection from clinical analyses

13.4 Selection of biocompatibility analyses/biological test methods

13.4.0.1 Cytotoxicity or cell viability

13.4.1 Sensitisation

13.4.2 Irritation

13.4.3 Acute systemic toxicity and subchronic tests

13.4.4 Genotoxicity

13.4.5 Implantation and hemocompatibility

13.4.6 Biodegradation

13.5 Biocomposites-based biocompatibility studies

13.6 Biocompatibility and the implantation of a biocomposite in a biological environment

13.7 Concluding remarks and future perspectives

Chapter 14: Cellular response to biocomposites

14.1 Introduction.

14.1.1 Biocomposites: two different meanings with a common feature.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed August 18, 2017).

ISBN:

9780081007525

0081007523