Mechanical testing of orthopaedic implants / edited by Elizabeth Friis.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Friis, Elizabeth, editor.

Series:

Woodhead Publishing series in biomaterials.

Woodhead Publishing series in biomaterials

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Orthopedic implants--Testing.

Orthopedic implants.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (261 pages) : illustrations (some color).

Place of Publication:

Duxford, England : Woodhead Publishing, 2017.

Summary:

Mechanical Testing of Orthopaedic Implants provides readers with a thorough overview of the fundamentals of orthopedic implants and various methods of mechanical testing. Historical aspects are presented, along with case studies that are particularly useful for readers.- Presents information on a range of implants, from dental to spinal implants- Includes case studies throughout that help the reader understand how the content of the book is applied in practice- Provides coverage and guidance on FDA regulations and requirements- Focuses on application of mechanical testing methods

Contents:

Front Cover

Mechanical Testing of Orthopaedic Implants

Copyright

Contents

List of contributors

Foreword

Part One: Fundamentals of mechanical testing of orthopedic implants

Chapter 1: Introduction to mechanical testing of orthopedic implants

1.1. Introduction-overall philosophy of the book

1.2. Approach of this book for teaching and learning

1.3. Implant design

1.3.1. Anatomy

1.3.2. Kinematics

1.4. Implants

1.4.1. Fracture fixation

1.4.2. Joint replacement and resurfacing

1.4.2.1. Hip replacement

1.4.2.2. Knee replacement

1.4.2.3. Other joints

1.4.3. Spine implants

1.4.3.1. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty

1.4.3.2. Fusion

1.4.3.3. Disc replacement

1.4.3.4. Stabilization and deformity correction

1.5. Future of orthopedic implants

Case study

Points for further discussion

References

Chapter 2: Biomaterials in orthopaedic implants

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Metals

2.2.1. Stainless steel

2.2.2. Cobalt-chromium

2.2.3. Titanium alloys

2.2.4. Other metals

2.3. Polymers

2.3.1. Polyethylene

2.3.2. Polymethyl methacrylate (bone cement)

2.3.3. Other polymeric materials

2.4. Ceramics

2.5. Composites

2.6. Biological implants and combination products

2.6.1. Biological implants

2.6.2. Bone graft substitutes

2.6.3. Tissue engineering and combination products

2.7. Biological consequences of materials and implants

2.7.1. Material particles and osteolysis

2.7.2. Metal ions and adverse tissue reactions

2.7.3. Implant-associated infection

2.8. Conclusion

Chapter 3: Fundamental principles of mechanical testing

3.1. Introduction

3.1.1. Basic mechanical parameters definitions

3.1.2. Basics of transducers

3.1.3. Basics of test equipment.

3.2. Characterization of material properties

3.2.1. Mechanical testing

3.2.2. Material fracture

3.2.3. Wear

3.2.4. Corrosion

3.3. Testing of implants/devices: Basic principles

3.3.1. Computer modeling

3.3.2. Simulators

3.3.3. Clinical evaluation

3.3.3.1. FDA: Preclinical, Investigational Device Exemption, and postmarketing surveillance

3.3.3.2. Retrieval analysis

3.4. Standards and regulatory needs in testing

Chapter 4: Influence of standards organizations and regulatory agencies in the mechanical testing of orthopaedic implants

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Consensus standards in testing of orthopaedic implants

4.3. Influence of regulatory agencies on mechanical testing

4.3.1. History of the FDA in the regulation of medical devices

4.3.2. Overview of CDRH regulation of medical devices

4.3.3. CDRH classification of orthopaedic implants

4.3.4. Relationship of consensus standards and regulatory needs in mechanical testing of orthopaedic implants

4.4. Going beyond benchtop testing: biomechanical test methods for orthopaedics

4.5. FDA support of innovation

4.6. Conclusion

Part Two: Mechanical testing of orthopedic implants in the head and upper extremity

Chapter 5: Mechanical testing of orthopedic implants: Hand and wrist

5.1. Introduction

5.1.1. Scope

5.1.2. Skeletal anatomy

5.1.2.1. Fingers

5.1.2.2. Thumb

5.1.2.3. Wrist

5.1.3. A brief history of hand and wrist implants

5.1.3.1. Finger

5.1.3.2. Thumb

5.1.3.3. Wrist

5.2. Joint kinematics

5.2.1. Background

5.2.2. Finger kinematics

5.2.3. Thumb kinematics

5.2.4. Wrist kinematics

5.3. Kinetics and joint loads

5.3.1. Fingers

5.3.2. Thumb

5.3.3. Wrist.

5.4. Mechanical testing and modeling

5.4.1. Finger implants

5.4.1.1. Two-piece (nonelastomeric) finger implants

5.4.1.2. Finger in vivo

5.4.2. Thumb

5.4.2.1. Finite element analysis

5.4.2.2. Animal models

Finger

Thumb

5.4.3. Wrist implants

5.4.4. Biocompatibility and materials

5.5. Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Chapter 6: Mechanical testing of shoulder and elbow implants

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Shoulder arthroplasty: anatomic vs. reverse replacements

6.2.1. Anatomic shoulder prostheses

6.2.2. Reverse shoulder prostheses

6.3. Wear in shoulder prostheses

6.3.1. Wear testing of shoulder prostheses

6.3.1.1. Wear measurement

6.4. Instability of shoulder prostheses

6.4.1. Subluxation test (measuring stability of the joint- dislocation of components)

6.4.2. Edge displacement test

6.4.3. Rocking test (measuring loosening)

6.5. Elbow arthroplasty

6.5.1. Mechanical testing of elbow prostheses

Part Three: Mechanical testing of orthopaedic implants for fracture fixation and in the spine

Chapter 7: Mechanical testing of fracture fixation devices

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Basic biomechanics of fracture fixation

7.3. Implants for fracture fixation

7.3.1. Biomechanics of bone screws and plates

7.3.2. Biomechanics of external fixation

7.3.3. Biomechanics of intramedullary rods

7.3.4. Biomechanics of wires and cables

7.4. Testing of fracture fixation devices

7.4.1. Simulated in situ testing of fixation devices

7.4.2. Standards for testing of fixation devices

Chapter 8: Mechanical testing of the thoracic spine and related implants

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Anatomy overview.

8.3. Devices and surgical procedures for the thoracic spine

8.3.1. Fusion techniques

8.3.2. Scoliosisandgrowth

8.4. Mechanical evaluation of devices

8.4.1. Standards

8.5. In vitro cadaveric testing methods

8.5.1. Testing methods for the cadaveric thoracic spine

8.5.2. Testing fusion or fixation in cadaveric models

8.5.3. Interbody implants in cadaveric models

8.5.4. Scoliosis correction implants in cadaveric models

8.6. Motion analysis techniques in mechanical testing of the thoracic spine

8.7. Computational techniques

8.8. Common pitfalls in testing and interpretation of data

8.8.1. Standards/mechanical test methods

8.8.2. In vitro limitations

8.8.3. Computational limitations

8.9. Conclusions

Chapter 9: Mechanical testing of cervical, thoracolumbar, and lumbar spine implants

9.1. Introduction

9.1.1. Scope

9.1.2. Skeletal anatomy

9.2. Spinal implants

9.2.1. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty

9.2.2. Posterior instrumentation

9.2.3. Interbody devices

9.2.3.1. Synthetic implants for interbody fusion

9.2.3.2. Intervertebral disc replacement

9.2.3.3. Nucleus pulposus replacement

9.2.4. Facet joint replacement

9.3. Basics of spine biomechanics

9.4. Mechanical testing of spinal procedures and implants

9.4.1. Cadaveric testing

9.4.2. Standards for spine implant testing

9.4.3. Use of computational models for comparison to mechanical testing

9.5. Conclusion and future of spine implant testing

Part Four: Mechanical testing of orthopaedic implants in the lower extremity

Chapter 10: A hop, skip, and a jump: Towards better wear testing of hip implants

10.1. Introduction.

10.2. What are clinically relevant conditions to reproduce in testing of hip implants?

10.2.1. Activity

10.2.2. Loading

10.2.3. Normal walking

10.2.4. Slow walking, walking upstairs and downstairs, and standing up and sitting down

10.2.5. Fast walking and jogging

10.2.6. Synovial fluid

10.2.7. Cup orientation

10.2.8. Adverse conditions

10.3. Tribology

10.4. The perfect simulator test

10.5. The pragmatic simulator test

10.5.1. Normal walking

10.5.2. Slow walking, walking upstairs and downstairs, and standing up and sitting down

10.5.3. Standing and standing duration

10.5.4. Fast walking and jogging

10.5.5. Cup orientation

10.5.6. Prostheses and measurements

10.5.7. Adverse conditions

10.6. Discussion

10.7. Conclusion

Chapter 11: Mechanical testing of knee implants

11.1. Introduction

11.1.1. Scope

11.1.2. Skeletal anatomy

11.1.3. A brief history of knee implants

11.2. Joint kinematics

11.3. Kinetics and joint loads

11.4. Mechanical testing and modeling

11.5. Conclusion and future of knee implant testing

Case study: Tibial tray fracture

Chapter 12: Mechanical testing of foot and ankle implants

12.1. Introduction

12.2. The gait cycle

12.3. First MPJ implants

12.3.1. Anatomy of the first MPJ

12.3.2. Stability of the first MPJ

12.3.3. Biomechanics and kinematics of the first MPJ

12.3.4. Design of first MPJ implants

12.3.5. Mechanical testing of first MPJ implants

12.4. Ankle joint implants

12.4.1. Anatomy of the ankle joint

12.4.2. Stability of the ankle joint

12.4.3. Biomechanics and kinematics of the ankle joint

12.4.4. Design of ankle joint implants

12.4.5. Mechanical testing of ankle joint implants.

12.5. Conclusions.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

0-08-100284-X