Metals for biomedical devices / edited by Mitsuo Niinomi.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Niinomi, M. (Mitsuo), editor.

Series:

Woodhead Publishing series in biomaterials.

Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Biomedical materials.

Biocompatible Materials.

Medical Subjects:

Biocompatible Materials.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (580 pages).

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Duxford, United Kingdom : Woodhead Publishing, [2019]

Summary:

Metals for Biomedical Devices, Second Edition, has been fully updated and builds upon the success of its first edition, discussing the latest techniques in metal processing methods and the behavior of this important material. Initial chapters review the current status and selection of metals for biomedical devices. Subsequent chapters cover mechanical behavior, degradation and testing, corrosion, wear testing and biocompatibility, the processing of metals for biomedical applications, including topics such as forging metals and alloys, surface treatment, coatings and sterilization. Chapters in the final section discuss the clinical applications of metals, such as cardiovascular, orthopedic and new generation biomaterials.With its distinguished editor and team of expert contributors, this book is a standard reference for materials scientists, researchers and engineers working in the medical devices industry and academia.- Reviews the latest techniques in metal processing methods, including surface treatment and sterilization- Examines metal selection for biomedical devices, considering the biocompatibility of various metals- Assesses mechanical behavior and the testing of metals, featuring the latest information on corrosion, fatigue and wear- Discusses biodegradable alloys, including a new section on Mg alloys- Includes a new section that discusses the use of additive manufacturing in the production of medical devices

Contents:

Front Cover

Metals for Biomedical Devices

Copyright

Contents

Contributors

Introduction

References

Part One: General introduction

Chapter 1: Overview of metals and applications

1.1. Introduction

1.2. General properties required for metals in medical devices

1.2.1. Biological environment

1.2.2. Properties required for metals in medicine and dentistry

1.3. Stainless steels

1.3.1. Definition and category

1.3.2. Type 316L stainless steel

1.3.3. Ni-free austenitic stainless steel

1.4. Cobalt-based alloys

1.4.1. Properties of Co-based alloys

1.4.2. Ni-free Co-Cr alloys

1.5. Titanium-based alloys

1.5.1. Properties of Ti

1.5.2. Ti alloys

1.6. Shape memory and superelastic alloys

1.7. Noble metals and alloys

1.8. Permanent magnetic alloys

1.9. Biodegradable alloys

1.9.1. Magnesium alloy

1.9.2. Iron and zinc alloys

1.10. Zirconium alloys

1.11. Niobium and tantalum

Chapter 2: Selection of metals for biomedical devices

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Standardized implantable metals

2.3. Biocompatibility of various metals

2.4. Cytotoxicity of metal ions

2.5. Metal ion release

2.5.1. Metal ions released from stainless steels and Co-Cr-Mo alloys

2.5.2. Stability of passive film formed on stainless steel and Co-Cr-Mo alloy

2.6. Highly biocompatible α-β-type Ti alloy

2.6.1. Role of alloying elements in Ti alloy

2.6.2. Low-cost manufacturing process for highly biocompatible Ti alloy

2.6.3. Manufacturing equivalency of Ti alloys

2.6.4. Metal ions released from Ti alloys

2.6.5. Passive film formed on Ti alloys

2.6.6. Osteocompatibility of Ti alloys

2.6.7. In vivo metal release

2.6.8. Evaluation of biological properties under good laboratory practice (GLP) regulation

2.7. Fatigue assessment.

2.8. Performance evaluation of orthopedic devices

2.8.1. Mechanical properties of osteosynthesis devices

2.8.2. Performance of metallic bone screws

2.8.3. Analysis of spatial stress distribution of implant devices by thermoelastic stress measurement

2.8.4. Wear properties of artificial hip prostheses using hip simulator

2.8.5. Wear properties of artificial knee prostheses using knee simulator

2.9. Future trends

Further reading

Part Two: Mechanical behavior, degradation, and testing of metals for biomedical devices

Chapter 3: Physical and mechanical properties of metallic biomaterials

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Metallic biomaterials which can realize sufficient mechanical properties for use in vivo

3.2.1. Crystals and crystal structure

3.2.2. Deformation of crystalline metallic biomaterials

3.2.3. Slip deformation based on crystal structure

3.2.4. Dislocation motion in crystals

3.3. Methods for strengthening metallic biomaterials

3.4. Phase rule and phase diagram

3.5. Deformation and recovery, recrystallization, and grain ripening

3.6. Microstructure and related mechanical properties in typical metallic biomaterials

3.7. Development of metallic biomaterials based on biological bone tissues

3.7.1. Anisotropic nature of bone microstructure for optimal mechanical design of metallic biomaterials

3.7.2. Improvement of the mechanical functions based on the combination of both metallic biomaterials and biological bones

3.7.3. Development of metallic implants with low Young´s modulus based on single crystals of β-type Ti alloys

3.8. Additive manufacturing technology for developing metallic biomaterials

3.8.1. Control of mechanical anisotropy by controlling the shape of biomaterials with additive manufacturing.

3.8.2. Control of crystallographic anisotropy to suppress stress shielding by additive manufacturing

3.9. Summary

Acknowledgments

Chapter 4: Corrosion of metallic biomaterials

4.1. Importance of corrosion

4.2. Principle of corrosion

4.2.1. Corrosion process

4.2.2. Passivity

4.3. Corrosion morphology

4.3.1. General corrosion

4.3.2. Local corrosion

4.3.2.1. Pitting corrosion

4.3.2.2. Crevice corrosion

4.3.2.3. Intergranular corrosion

4.3.2.4. Galvanic corrosion

4.3.2.5. Corrosion under mechanical loading

4.4. Evaluation methods of corrosion behavior

4.4.1. Electrochemical methods

4.4.1.1. Anodic polarization tests

4.4.1.2. Tafel extrapolation method

4.4.1.3. Linear polarization resistance method

4.4.1.4. Impedance test

4.4.1.5. Monitoring of corrosion potential

4.4.2. Immersion tests

4.4.3. Other methods

4.5. Biological environments

4.5.1. Temperature and pH

4.5.2. Concentration of dissolved O2

4.5.3. Calcium (Ca) and phosphate ions, proteins, and amino acids

4.5.4. Cells and extracellular matrix

4.5.5. Circulation of body fluids

4.5.6. Design of devices and mechanical loadings

Chapter 5: Fatigue failure of metallic biomaterials

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Fatigue strength

5.2.1. Fatigue strength level of various metallic biomaterials

5.2.2. Fatigue strength in vitro and in vivo

5.2.3. Notch-fatigue strength

5.2.4. Fatigue strength and surface modification

5.2.4.1. Fatigue strength and surface hardening treatment

5.2.4.2. Fatigue strength and bioactive surface modification

5.2.5. Improvement in fatigue strength by various treatments

5.2.5.1. Heat treatment

5.2.5.2. Aging treatment

5.2.5.3. Thermomechanical treatment

5.2.5.4. Thermochemical treatment

5.2.5.5. Cavitation peening.

5.2.5.6. Deformation-induced transformation

5.2.5.7. Oxygen addition

5.2.6. Improvement in fatigue strength by maintaining low Young´s modulus

5.3. Fatigue crack propagation

5.3.1. Short fatigue crack propagation in air and in vitro

5.3.2. Long fatigue crack propagation in air and in vitro

5.3.3. Improvement in long fatigue crack propagation resistance

5.4. Fatigue strength of wire

5.5. Summary

Chapter 6: Mechanical testing of metallic biomaterials

6.1. Fracture of metal implants and test methods

6.2. Living body environment

6.3. Tensile strength of metallic materials

6.4. Fatigue and fretting fatigue of metallic materials

6.4.1. Fatigue of metallic materials

6.4.1.1. Fatigue life test

6.4.1.2. Fatigue crack propagation test

6.4.2. Fretting fatigue of metallic materials

6.5. Effect of corrosion on fatigue and fretting fatigue

6.6. Corrosion fatigue and fretting corrosion fatigue tests in a simulated body environment

6.7. Results of fatigue and fretting fatigue tests of metallic biomaterials

6.7.1. 316L stainless steel

6.7.2. Ni-free high-N stainless steel

6.7.3. Ti-6Al-4V alloy

6.7.4. CP Ti

6.7.5. Co-Cr alloy

6.8. Effect of pH level on fatigue strength in simulated body fluid

6.9. New fatigue test for metallic biomaterials

Acknowledgment

Chapter 7: Tribology and tribocorrosion testing and analysis of metallic biomaterials

7.1. Introduction to tribology-related testing

7.2. General testing methods for tribological properties

7.2.1. Types of wear

7.2.2. Selection of wear testing

7.2.3. Friction

7.2.4. Lubrication and lubricant

7.3. Tribocorrosion testing

7.3.1. Bench tests

7.3.1.1. The free corrosion potential measurement

7.3.1.2. Anodic polarization scans.

7.3.1.3. Linear polarization resistance tests

7.3.1.4. Cathodic protection

7.3.1.5. Quantification of corrosion-related damage

7.3.2. Simulator studies

7.4. Surface analysis for tribology and tribocorrosion properties

7.4.1. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

7.4.2. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

7.4.3. White light interferometry (WLI)

7.4.4. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)

7.4.5. Mass spectroscopy

7.5. Future trends

Chapter 8: Biocompatibility and fabrication of in situ bioceramic coating

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Ti and its alloys

8.3. Biomedical applications and development of Ti and its alloys

8.3.1. Hard tissue replacements

8.3.2. Cardiac and cardiovascular applications

8.4. Biocompatibility and fabrication of in situ synthesized bioceramic coatings on Ti alloys

8.4.1. In situ synthesized potassium titanate/Ti alloys as biomedical materials

8.4.2. Fabrication and biocompatibility of nano-TiO2/Ti alloys as biomedical materials

8.4.3. Fabrication mechanism and characteristics of surface micro-porous Ti as biomaterials

8.4.4. Fabrication and biocompatibility of nano-K2 (Ti8O17)/TiO2 bioceramic composite coating on the surface of Ti

8.4.4.1. Nano-TiO2 layer synthesized by anode oxidation on the surface of Ti matrix

8.4.4.2. Preparation by an in situ electrochemical technique

8.4.4.3. SBF cultivation

Chapter 9: Biodegradable magnesium alloys

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Mg alloys

9.3. Manufacturing of Mg alloys

9.3.1. Mg alloy casting

9.3.2. Machining

9.3.3. AM

9.4. Corrosion of Mg alloys

9.4.1. Galvanic corrosion

9.4.2. Stress corrosion and stress corrosion cracking

9.4.3. Pitting corrosion

9.5. Biocompatibility of Mg alloys

9.6. Coating of Mg alloys

9.7. Corrosion modeling.

9.7.1. Boundary element modeling (BEM).

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on: online resource; title from pdf title page (Knovel engineering collection, viewed April 28, 2020)

ISBN:

0-08-102667-6

0-08-102666-8