Core analysis : a best practice guide / Colin McPhee, LR Senergy Ltd., UK, Jules Reed, LR Senergy Ltd., UK, Izaskun Zubizarreta, LR Senergy Ltd., UK.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

McPhee, Colin, author.

Reed, Jules, author.

Zubizarreta, Izaskun, author.

Series:

Developments in petroleum science ; Volume 64.

Developments in Petroleum Science, 0376-7361 ; Volume 64

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Drill core analysis--Handbooks, manuals, etc.

Drill core analysis.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (853 pages)

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, [Netherlands] : Elsevier, 2015.

Summary:

Core Analysis: A Best Practice Guide is a practical guide to the design of core analysis programs. Written to address the need for an updated set of recommended practices covering special core analysis and geomechanics tests, the book also provides unique insights into data quality control diagnosis and data utilization in reservoir models.The book's best practices and procedures benefit petrophysicists, geoscientists, reservoir engineers, and production engineers, who will find useful information on core data in reservoir static and dynamic models. It provides a solid understanding of the core analysis procedures and methods used by commercial laboratories, the details of lab data reporting required to create quality control tests, and the diagnostic plots and protocols that can be used to identify suspect or erroneous data.- Provides a practical overview of core analysis, from coring at the well site to laboratory data acquisition and interpretation- Defines current best practice in core analysis preparation and test procedures, and the diagnostic tools used to quality control core data- Provides essential information on design of core analysis programs and to judge the quality and reliability of core analysis data ultimately used in reservoir evaluation- Of specific interest to those working in core analysis, porosity, relative permeability, and geomechanics

Contents:

Front Cover

Core Analysis: A Best Practice Guide

Copyright

Contents

Series Editor´s Preface

Preface

Chapter 1: Best Practice in Coring and Core Analysis

1.1. Core Analysis Data: The Foundation of Formation Evaluation

1.2. Core Analysis Data Uncertainty

1.2.1. Reasons and Consequences

1.2.2. Reducing Uncertainty

1.3. Core Analysis Management Framework

1.3.1. Core Analysis Planning and Design

1.3.2. Programme Design Considerations

1.3.3. Core Analysis Focal Points

1.3.4. Real-Time Quality Control

1.4. Best Practice in Core Analysis: An Overview

1.4.1. Coring, Core Handling and Core Processing

1.4.2. Sample Preparation

1.4.3. Routine Core Analysis

1.4.4. Special Core Analysis

1.4.5. Geomechanics Tests

1.4.6. Quality Control Procedures and Diagnostics

1.4.7. Example Core Analysis Programmes

1.4.8. Benefits

References

Chapter 2: Wellsite Core Acquisition, Handling and Transportation

2.1. Coring Systems

2.1.1. Conventional Full-Diameter Coring Systems

2.1.2. Wireline-Retrievable Cores

2.1.3. Gel Coring Systems

2.1.4. Liquid and Gas Retention Coring Systems

2.1.4.1. Sponge Coring

2.1.4.2. Liquid Capture Systems

2.1.4.3. Pressure-Retaining Systems

2.1.5. Oriented Coring

2.1.6. Sidewall Cores

2.2. Conventional Coring Operations

2.2.1. Health, Safety and Environmental Considerations

2.2.2. Coring Team

2.2.3. Managing Coring Risks

2.3. Coring Fluids

2.3.1. Mud Types

2.3.2. Mud Tracers

2.3.2.1. Water-Soluble Tracers

2.3.2.2. Oil-Soluble Tracers

2.4. Core Damage and Core Fluid/Petrophysical Property Alteration

2.4.1. Fluid Saturation Alteration

2.4.2. Stress Release

2.4.2.1. Pore Pressure Dissipation

2.4.2.2. Shear Failure and Compressive Damage

2.4.3. Wettability Alteration

2.4.3.1. Definition.

2.4.3.2. Native Reservoir Wettability Controls

2.4.3.2.1. Oil Type/Composition

2.4.3.2.2. Brine Chemistry

2.4.3.2.3. Grain/Mineral Type

2.4.3.3. Wettability Alteration Mechanisms: Drilling Mud

2.4.3.4. Pressure and Temperature Reduction

2.5. Best Practice in Wellsite Handling

2.5.1. Core Recovery on Rig Floor

2.5.2. Linear Layout and Marking

2.5.3. Wellsite Gamma-Ray Scanning

2.5.4. Wellsite Liner Cutting

2.5.5. Wellsite Core Stabilisation and Preservation

2.5.5.1. Freezing

2.5.5.2. Resin Consolidation

2.5.5.3. Foam and Gypsum Stabilisation

2.5.5.4. Gypsum Versus Foam: Advantages and Limitations

2.5.6. Wellsite Sampling

2.5.6.1. Reasons for Sampling

2.5.6.2. Sampling Methods

2.5.6.3. Dean-Stark and Water Analysis Plugs

2.5.6.4. Shale Preservation

2.5.7. Core Transportation

2.5.8. Coring Report

2.6. Special Handling Considerations for Difficult Rock Types

2.6.1. Unconsolidated Core

2.6.2. Carbonates

2.6.3. Shaly Sands

2.6.4. Shales

2.6.5. Coal

Recommended Reading

Chapter 3: Core Laboratory Processing and Screening

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Core Receipt and Cutting

3.3. CT Scanning

3.4. Gamma Ray Logging

3.5. Removal from Liners

3.6. Core Viewing and Sample Selection

3.7. Sample Preservation

3.7.1. Dry Preservation

3.7.1.1. Barrier Foil Laminates

3.7.1.2. Hot Wax or Strippable Plastics

3.7.2. Wet Preservation

3.8. Core Plugging

3.8.1. Plug Samples

3.8.2. Drill Press and Plugging Fluids

3.8.3. Plug Orientation

3.8.4. Plug Allocation

3.8.4.1. Routine Core Analysis Plugs (R)

3.8.4.2. Special Core Analysis (S) and Formation Damage (FD) Test Plugs

3.8.4.3. DS Plugs

3.8.4.4. Rock Mechanics Test Plugs (V)

3.8.5. Plug Trimming

3.9. Core Slabbing

3.10. Core Resination.

3.11. Core Photography and Imaging

3.11.1. Conventional Imaging

3.11.2. 360 Core Imaging

3.12. Weak or Unconsolidated Core Processing

3.12.1. Core Receipt and Cutting

3.12.2. CT Scanning

3.12.3. Core Gamma Ray Scanning

3.12.4. Core Slabbing

3.12.5. Core Viewing and Sample Selection

3.12.6. Core Plugging and Plug Protection

3.12.6.1. Plugging

3.12.6.2. Plug Protection/Mounting

3.12.7. Core Photography

3.12.8. Core Preservation

Chapter 4: Core Sample Preparation

4.1. Introduction

4.2. Cleaning

4.2.1. Solvents

4.2.2. Common Cleaning Methods

4.2.2.1. Soxhlet Extraction

4.2.2.2. Cool Soxhlet Extractor

4.2.2.3. Total Immersion Soxhlet

4.2.2.4. Flush (Flow) Cleaning

4.2.3. Core Cleaning Methods: Advantages and Drawbacks

4.3. Core Drying

4.3.1. Conventional (and Vacuum) Oven Drying

4.3.2. Humidity Oven Drying

4.3.3. Critical Point Drying

4.3.4. Flow-Through Drying

4.3.5. Core Drying Methods: Advantages and Drawbacks

4.4. Quality Control Issues, Checks and Diagnostics

4.5. Clays and Clay Damage Mechanisms

4.5.1. Clay Mineral Structures

4.5.2. Clay Types

4.5.3. Cation Exchange Capacity

4.5.4. Clay Morphology and Rock Property Controls

4.5.5. Clay Damage Mechanisms

4.5.5.1. Core Cleaning and Drying

4.5.5.2. Clay Swelling and Migration

4.5.6. Testing Without Drying

4.6. Core Conditioning for Porosity Measurements

4.6.1. Porosity Evaluation

4.6.2. Total and Effective Porosity Concepts

4.6.2.1. Vcl Models

4.6.2.2. Clay Water Models

4.6.3. Log and Core Porosity

4.7. Special Considerations in Core Preparation

4.7.1. Wettability

4.7.2. Carbonates and Chalks

4.7.3. Halite

Recommended Reading/Viewing

Chapter 5: Routine Core Analysis

5.1. Introduction.

5.2. Fluid Saturation Measurements

5.2.1. Retort Method

5.2.1.1. Sample Preparation

5.2.1.2. Test Equipment

5.2.1.3. Test Procedures

5.2.1.4. Saturation and Porosity Calculations

5.2.1.5. Advantages and Drawbacks

5.2.2. Dean-Stark Analysis

5.2.2.1. Sample Preparation

5.2.2.2. Test Equipment

5.2.2.3. Test Procedures

5.2.2.4. Saturation Calculation

5.2.2.5. Data Reporting Requirements

5.2.2.6. Advantages and Drawbacks/Issues

5.2.2.7. Dean-Stark Quality Control Issues, Checks and Diagnostics

5.3. Porosity Measurements

5.3.1. Helium Grain Volume and Grain Density

5.3.1.1. Sample Preparation

5.3.1.2. Test Equipment

5.3.1.3. Test Procedures

5.3.1.4. Grain Volume and Grain Density Calculation

5.3.1.5. Data Reporting Requirements

5.3.1.6. Advantages and Drawbacks/Issues

5.3.1.7. Helium Grain Volume and Density Quality Control Issues, Checks and Diagnostics

5.3.2. Helium Pore Volume

5.3.2.1. Sample Preparation

5.3.2.2. Test Equipment

5.3.2.3. Test Procedures

5.3.2.4. Pore Volume and Porosity Calculation

5.3.2.5. Data Reporting Requirements

5.3.2.6. Advantages and Drawbacks/Issues

5.3.2.7. Helium Pore Volume Quality Control Issues, Checks and Diagnostics

5.3.3. Bulk Volume

5.3.3.1. Sample Preparation

5.3.3.2. Test Equipment-Mercury Pycnometer

5.3.3.3. Test Procedures-Mercury Pycnometer

5.3.3.4. Test Equipment-Mercury Immersion System

5.3.3.5. Test Procedures-Mercury Immersion System

5.3.3.6. Data Reporting Requirements

5.3.3.7. Advantages and Drawbacks/Issues

5.3.3.8. Mercury Bulk Volume Quality Control Issues, Checks and Diagnostics

5.3.4. Liquid Saturation Porosity

5.3.4.1. Sample Preparation

5.3.4.2. Test Equipment

5.3.4.3. Test Procedures

5.3.4.4. Porosity Calculation

5.3.4.5. Data Reporting Requirements.

5.3.4.6. Advantages and Drawbacks/Issues

5.3.4.7. Re-Saturation Porosity Quality Control Issues, Checks and Diagnostics

5.3.5. Accuracy and Repeatability of Porosity Measurements

5.4. Permeability Measurements

5.4.1. Definitions

5.4.2. Darcy's Law

5.4.3. Non-Darcy Flow: Klinkenberg Effects

5.4.4. Non-Darcy Flow: Forchheimer Effect

5.4.5. Steady-State Permeability Measurements

5.4.5.1. Sample Preparation

5.4.5.2. Test Equipment

5.4.5.3. Test Procedures

5.4.5.4. Gas Permeability and Klinkenberg Permeability Calculations

5.4.5.5. Evaluation of Klinkenberg and Non-Darcy Effects in Steady-State Flow

5.4.5.6. Data Reporting Requirements

5.4.5.7. Advantages and Drawbacks/Issues

5.4.5.8. Gas and Klinkenberg Permeability Quality Control Issues, Checks and Diagnostics

5.4.6. Unsteady-State Permeability Measurements

5.4.6.1. Test Equipment

5.4.6.2. Test Procedures and Permeability Calculation

5.4.6.3. Data Reporting

5.4.6.4. Data Reporting Requirements

5.4.6.5. Advantages and Drawbacks/Issues

5.4.6.6. Unsteady-State Permeability Quality Control Issues, Checks and Diagnostics

5.4.7. Steady-State Liquid (Absolute) Permeability Measurements

5.4.7.1. Sample Preparation

5.4.7.2. Saturation Procedures

5.4.7.3. Test Procedures and Permeability Calculation

5.4.7.4. Data Reporting Requirements

5.4.7.5. Advantages and Drawbacks/Issues

5.4.7.6. Steady-State Liquid Permeability Quality Control Issues, Checks and Diagnostics

5.4.8. Probe or Profile Permeability Measurements

5.4.8.1. Sample Preparation

5.4.8.2. Steady-State Equipment and Test Procedures

5.4.8.3. Steady-State Permeability Calculation

5.4.8.4. Unsteady-State Equipment and Test Procedures

5.4.8.5. Data Reporting Requirements

5.4.8.6. Advantages and Drawbacks/Issues.

5.4.8.7. Probe Permeability Quality Control Issues, Checks and Diagnostics.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed December 29, 2015).

Other Format:

Print version: McPhee, Colin Core Analysis: A Best Practice Guide

ISBN:

9780444636577

0444636579

9780444635334

0444635335