Oil and gas pipelines and piping systems : design, construction, management, and inspection / Alireza Bahadori.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Bahadori, Alireza, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Pipelines--Safety measures.

Pipelines.

Pipelines--Reliability.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (661 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, [Netherlands] : Gulf Professional Publishing, 2017.

Summary:

Oil and Gas Pipelines and Piping Systems: Design, Construction, Management, and Inspection delivers all the critical aspects needed for oil and gas piping and pipeline condition monitoring and maintenance, along with tactics to minimize costly disruptions within operations.

Contents:

Front Cover

Oil and Gas Pipelines and Piping Systems

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

Biography

Preface

Acknowledgments

1 Transportation Pipelines

1.1 Fluid Categories

1.2 Design

1.2.1 Operational Requirements

1.2.2 Economic Considerations (Optimization)

1.2.3 Hydraulic Design

1.2.4 Velocity Limitations

1.2.5 Pressure Drop Calculations

1.2.5.1 Pressure Drop in Crude Oil Pipelines

1.2.5.2 Pressure Drop in Refinery Products Pipelines

1.2.5.3 Pressure Drop in NGL Pipelines

1.2.5.4 Pressure Drop in Natural Gas Pipelines

1.3 Mechanical Design

1.3.1 Application of Codes (Category B Fluids)

1.3.2 Application of Codes (Category C and D Fluids)

1.3.3 Pigging Requirements

1.3.4 Block Valves

1.3.5 Thermal Relief Valves

1.3.6 Vents and Drains

1.3.7 Valves and Flanges

1.3.8 Double Block and Bleed System

1.3.9 Emergency Depressurization Facilities

1.3.10 Overpressure Protection System

1.3.11 Pipeline Stability

1.4 Pipeline Wall Thickness Calculating Basis

1.4.1 Minimum Wall Thickness

1.4.2 Design Factors (for Hoop Stress Limitation)

1.4.3 Strain-Based Design for Hot Products Pipelines

1.4.4 Derating Factors

1.5 Materials

1.5.1 Material Procurement

1.5.2 Line Pipe Materials

1.5.3 Valves

1.5.4 Branch Connections, Fittings, Etc.

1.6 Pipeline Route Selection

1.6.1 Route and Soil Surveys

1.6.2 Proximity to Occupied Buildings

1.6.3 Proximity to Other Facilities

1.6.4 Right-of-Way

1.6.4.1 Right-of-Way Width

1.6.4.2 Other Considerations

1.7 Pipeline Protection and Marking

1.7.1 Burial Philosophy

1.7.2 Trench Dimensions

1.7.3 Thermal Expansion and Other Forces

1.7.4 Nonburied Pipelines

1.7.5 Corrosion Protection

1.7.6 Pipeline Markers

1.8 Crossings

1.8.1 River Crossings.

1.8.2 Road and Railway Crossings

1.8.3 Crossing Other Pipelines

1.8.4 Crossing Land Faults

1.8.4.1 Land Slides

1.9 Records

APPENDIX

Service Pipeline co. Formula

Shell/MIT Formula

Simplified Darcy Equation

T.R. Aude and Hazen-William's Formulas

Moody Friction Factor Chart

2 Construction Guidelines for Onshore Transportation Pipelines Applications

2.1 Material Handling

2.1.1 Storing Materials

2.1.2 Loading and Unloading Pipes

2.1.3 Stockpiling of Pipes

2.1.4 Transportation of Pipes

2.1.5 Hauling of Coating Materials

2.1.6 Damaged Pipes

2.1.7 Final Storage

2.2 Right-of-Way

2.2.1 Route

2.2.2 Drainage and Temporary Staking

2.2.3 Clearing and Grading

2.2.4 Clearing

2.2.5 Grading

2.2.6 Access/Service Roads

2.2.7 Access and Service Roads (Permanent)

2.2.8 Permits and Authorization

2.2.9 Care of Services and Properties

2.3 Ditching

2.3.1 Method of Ditching and Padding of Trench Bed

2.3.2 Setting Stakes

2.3.3 Care of Services

2.3.4 Rock Trench and Padding

2.3.5 Ditch Dimensions

2.3.6 Bell Holes for Tie-Ins

2.3.7 Damages and Claims

2.4 Supply, Storing, Handling, and Use of Explosive Materials

2.4.1 Supply, Handling, and Storage of Explosive Materials

2.4.2 Engineer's Approval Prior to the Use of Explosives

2.4.3 Blasting Operations

2.4.4 Care of Life, Services, and Property

2.4.5 Care for Loss of Explosive and Its Dispositions

2.5 Stringing

2.5.1 Dimensions to Be Observed

2.5.2 Percentage of Pipe Allowed for Rejection

2.5.3 Care for Services

2.6 Preparation of Pipes

2.6.1 Care of Line Pipe

2.6.2 Checking Pipe Condition

2.6.3 Swabbing of Pipes

2.6.4 Cleaning Pipe Ends

2.6.5 Cutting and Beveling

2.6.6 Repair Work on Line Pipe

2.7 Change of Direction

2.7.1 Minimum Bend Radius to Be Observed.

2.7.2 Limit of Thinning and Deformation

2.8 Welding and Laying of Pipe

2.8.1 Welding of Pipe at Double Jointing Yard

2.8.2 Capping Pipe Ends

2.8.3 Laying Operation

2.8.3.1 Verification of Trench Conditions Before Laying Pipe

2.8.4 Laying Pipe Into Trench

2.8.5 Laying Pipe in Exposed Sections

2.8.6 Laying Pipe in Casing Sections

2.8.7 Lowering Bend Sections

2.9 Backfilling

2.9.1 Initial Backfilling (With Soft Materials)

2.9.2 Normal Backfilling

2.9.3 Backfilling in Special Locations

2.9.3.1 Backfilling in Areas Subject to Erosion

2.9.3.2 Backfilling at Road Crossings

2.9.3.3 Use of Stoppage and Drainage Ditch

2.9.3.4 Backfilling in Irrigated Areas

2.10 Crossings

2.10.1 Overhead Structures Crossings

2.10.2 Road Crossings Without Casings

2.10.3 Major River and Lake Crossings

2.10.4 Waterway Crossings

2.10.5 Qanat Crossings

2.10.6 Land Drains

2.10.7 Crossing of Existing Buried Installations

2.10.8 Bridge Attachments

2.10.9 Other Crossings

2.11 Casing Installations

2.11.1 Permits and Authorizations

2.11.2 Methods of Casing Installation

2.11.3 Inspection of Casing Pipe

2.11.4 Backfilling and Tampting

2.11.5 Safety of Traffic and Pipeline

2.12 Prefabricated Assemblies

2.12.1 Checks

2.12.2 Installations

2.12.3 Coating and Painting

2.13 Cleanup Operation

2.13.1 Stages of Cleanup and Restoration Activities

2.13.2 Surplus, Defective, and Waste Materials

2.13.3 Restorations of Public and Private Facilities

2.13.4 Activities in Cleanup Operations

2.14 Records and As-Built Survey

2.14.1 As-Built Survey

2.14.2 Detail Information

2.14.3 Topographical Feature Survey

2.14.4 Survey Procedure

2.15 Above-Ground Pipelines

3 Welding of Transportation Pipeline

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Materials

3.2.1 Filler Metal.

3.2.1.1 Type and Size

3.2.1.2 Storage and Handling of Filler Metals and Fluxes

3.2.2 Shielding Gases

3.2.2.1 Types

3.2.2.2 Storage and Handling

3.3 Qualification of Welding Procedures for Welds Containing Filler Metal Additives

3.3.1 Procedure Qualification

3.3.2 Record

3.3.3 Procedure Specification

3.3.3.1 Pipe and Fitting Materials

3.3.3.2 Diameters and Wall Thicknesses

3.3.3.3 Joint Design

3.3.3.4 Filler Metal and Number of Beads

3.3.3.5 Electrical Characteristics

3.3.3.6 Time Between Passes

3.3.3.7 Cleaning and/or Grinding

3.3.3.8 Pre- and Postheat Treatment

3.3.3.9 Shielding Flux

3.3.3.10 Speed of Travel

3.3.3.11 Heat Input Range

3.3.3.12 Number of Welders

3.3.3.13 Partially Complete Joint

3.3.3.14 Removal of Line-Up Clamp

3.4 Essential Variables

3.4.1 Changes Requiring Requalification

3.4.1.1 Base Material

3.4.1.2 Joint Design

3.4.1.3 Pipe Diameter and Wall Thickness

3.4.1.4 Filler Metal

3.4.1.5 Shielding Gas and Flow Rate

3.4.1.6 Shielding Flux

3.4.1.7 Speed of Travel

3.4.1.8 Preheat and Interpass Temperature

3.4.1.9 Welding Current or Heat Input

3.4.1.10 Number and Sequence of Weld Beads

3.4.1.11 Number of Welders

3.4.1.12 Type and Removal of Line-Up Clamp

3.5 Testing of Welded Joints-Butt Welds

3.5.1 Preparation

3.5.1.1 Nondestructive Testing of Test Welds

3.5.1.2 Destructive Testing of Test Welds

3.5.2 Macroscopic Examination and Hardness Tests

3.5.2.1 Preparation

3.5.2.2 Method

3.5.2.3 Requirements

3.5.3 Charpy V-Notch Impact Testing

3.5.3.1 Preparation

3.5.4 Retests

3.5.4.1 Tensile Test and Bend Test Specimens

3.5.4.2 Impact Test Specimens

3.5.5 New Procedure Requirement

3.6 Testing of Welded Joints-Fillet Welds

3.6.1 Macroscopic Examination and Hardness Tests.

3.7 Qualification of Welders

3.7.1 Single Qualification

3.7.2 Records and Welder Identifìcation System

3.8 Production Welding

3.8.1 Alignment

3.8.2 Use of Line-Up Clamp for Butt Welds

3.8.3 Field Bevel

3.8.4 Cleaning Between Beads

3.8.5 Roll Welding

3.8.5.1 Alignment

3.8.5.2 Identification of Welds

3.8.6 Preheating and Interpass Temperature Control and Measurement

3.8.6.1 Temperature Requirements

3.8.6.2 Tackwelding

3.8.7 Postweld Heat Treatment (Stress Relieving)

3.8.8 Separation of Girth Welds

3.8.9 Control of Welding Consumables During Production Welding

3.8.10 Weld Interruption

3.8.11 Weld Finishing

3.8.12 Surface Finishing

3.9 Inspection and Testing of Production Welds

3.9.1 Methods of Inspection

3.9.2 Radiographic Examination

3.9.3 Ultrasonic Examination

3.9.4 Sectioning of Welds

3.9.5 Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel

3.9.5.1 Procedures

3.10 Extent of Inspection and Testing

3.10.1 Prewelding Inspection

3.10.2 Inspection During Welding

3.10.3 Inspection After Welding

3.11 Acceptance Standards for Nondestructive Testing

3.11.1 Radiographic Testing

3.11.1.1 Inadequate Penetration Without High-Low

3.11.1.2 Inadequate Penetration Due to High-Low

3.11.1.3 Incomplete Fusion

3.11.1.4 Incomplete Fusion Due to Cold Lap (IFD)

3.11.1.5 Burn Through and Excessive Penetration

3.11.1.6 Cracks

3.11.1.7 Accumulation of Imperfections

3.11.2 Magnetic Particle Testing

3.11.3 Ultrasonic Testing

3.11.4 Ndt Evaluation Report

3.11.5 Welder Performance Records

3.11.6 Assessment of Radiograph Indications in the Pipe Material Adjacent to Welds Being Inspected

3.12 Repair and Removal of Defects

3.12.1 Cracks

3.12.2 Defects Other Than Cracks

3.12.3 Repair Procedure.

3.12.3.1 Repair Procedure for Subsurface and Root Defects Other Than Cracks.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9780128038413

0128038411

OCLC:

958566273