OLED display fundamentals and applications / Takatoshi Tsujimura.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Tsujimura, Takatoshi, author.

Series:

Wiley series in display technology

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Flat panel displays.

Electrtoluminescent devices.

Organic semiconductors.

Light emitting diodes.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (308 pages) : illustrations (some color).

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons Incorporated, 2017.

Summary:

"This book covers the aspects necessary to the design and manufacturing of OLED displays. Topics include emission mechanism, material selection, device processing, manufacturing issues and countermeasures and display design basics. In addition, the book defines elements of OLED such as Thin Film Transistor (TFT) backplane design and processing details, including Low Temperature Poly Silicon (LTPS) process and circuit integration, and high yield method to manufacturer. Researchers and developers are aiming at making large OLED televisions and companies such as Samsung and Apple are rumored to be using OLED display for new screens. In addition to discussing the current composition of OLED, the book also discusses the future for OLED technologies and displays. The new edition examines the most recent information available and also reinforces the content of the previous edition"-- Provided by publisher.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

About the Author

Preface

Series Editor's Foreword to the Second Edition

Chapter 1 Introduction

References

Chapter 2 OLED Devices

2.1 OLED Definition

2.1.1 History of OLED Research and Development

2.1.2 Luminescent Effects in Nature

2.1.3 Difference Between OLED, LED, and Inorganic ELs

2.1.3.1 Inorganic EL

2.1.3.2 LED

2.2 Basic Device Structure

2.3 Basic Light Emission Mechanism

2.3.1 Potential Energy of Molecules

2.3.2 Highest Occupied and Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbitals (HOMO and LUMO)

2.3.3 Configuration of Two Electrons

2.3.4 Spin Function

2.3.5 Singlet and Triplet Excitons

2.3.6 Charge Injection from Electrodes

2.3.6.1 Charge Injection by Schottky Thermionic Emission

2.3.6.2 Tunneling Injection

2.3.6.3 Vacuum-Level Shift

2.3.7 Charge Transfer and Recombination

2.3.7.1 Charge Transfer Behavior

2.3.7.2 Space-Charge-Limited Current

2.3.7.3 Poole-Frenkel conduction

2.3.7.4 Recombination and Generation of Excitons

2.4 Emission Efficiency

2.4.1 Internal/External Quantum Efficiency

2.4.2 Energy Conversion and Quenching

2.4.2.1 Internal Conversion

2.4.2.2 Intersystem Crossing

2.4.2.3 Doping

2.4.2.4 Quenching

2.4.3 Outcoupling Efficiency of OLED Display

2.4.3.1 Light Output Distribution

2.4.3.2 Snell's Law and Critical Angle

2.4.3.3 Loss Due to Light Extraction

2.4.3.4 Performance Enhancement by Molecular Alignment

2.5 Lifetime and Image Burning

2.5.1 Lifetime Definitions

2.5.2 Degradation Analysis and Design Optimization

2.5.3 Degradation Measurement and Mechanisms

2.5.3.1 Acceleration Factor and Temperature Contribution

2.5.3.2 Degradation Mechanism Variation

2.6 Technologies to Enhance the Device Performance

2.6.1 Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence.

2.6.2 Other Types of Excited States

2.6.2.1 Excimer and Exciplex

2.6.2.2 Charge-Transfer Complex

2.6.3 Charge Generation Layer

Chapter 3 OLED Manufacturing Process

3.1 Material Preparation

3.1.1 Basic Material Properties

3.1.1.1 Hole Injection Material

3.1.1.2 Hole Transportation Material

3.1.1.3 Emission Layer Material

3.1.1.4 Electron Transportation Material and Charge Blocking Material

3.1.2 Purification Process

3.2 Evaporation Process

3.2.1 Principle

3.2.2 Evaporation Sources

3.2.2.1 Resistive Heating Method

3.2.2.2 Electron Beam Evaporation

3.2.2.3 Monitoring Thickness Using a Quartz Oscillator

3.3 Encapsulation

3.3.1 Dark Spot and Edge Growth Defects

3.3.2 Light Emission from the Bottom and Top of the OLED Device

3.3.3 Bottom Emission and perimeter sealing

3.3.4 Top Emission

3.3.5 Encapsulation Technologies and Measurement

3.3.5.1 Thin-Film Encapsulation

3.3.5.2 Face Sealing Encapsulation

3.3.5.3 Frit Encapsulation

3.3.5.4 WVTR Measurement

3.4 Problem Analysis

3.4.1 Ionization Potential Measurement

3.4.2 Electron Affinity Measurement

3.4.3 HPLC Analysis

3.4.4 Cyclic Voltammetry

Chapter 4 OLED Display Module

4.1 Comparison Between OLED and LCD Modules

4.2 Basic Display Design and Related Characteristics

4.2.1 Luminous Intensity, Luminance, and Illuminance

4.2.1.1 Luminous Intensity

4.2.1.2 Luminance

4.2.1.3 Illuminance

4.2.1.4 Metrics Summary

4.2.1.5 Helmholtz-Kohlrausch Effect

4.2.2 OLED Current Efficiencies and Power Efficacies

4.2.3 Color Reproduction

4.2.4 Uniform Color Space

4.2.5 White Point Determination

4.2.6 Color Boost

4.2.7 Viewing Condition

4.3 Passive-Matrix OLED Display

4.3.1 Structure

4.3.2 Pixel Driving

4.4 Active-Matrix OLED Display.

4.4.1 OLED Module Components

4.4.2 Two-Transistor One-Capacitor (2T1C) Driving Circuit

4.4.3 Ambient Performance

4.4.3.1 Living Room Contrast Ratio

4.4.3.2 Chroma Reduction Due to Ambient Light

4.4.4 Subpixel Rendering

Chapter 5 OLED Color Patterning Technologies

5.1 Color-Patterning Technologies

5.1.1 Shadow Mask Patterning

5.1.1.1 Shadow Mask Process

5.1.1.2 Blue Common Layer

5.1.1.3 Polychromatic Pixel

5.1.2 White + Color Filter Patterning

5.1.3 Color Conversion Medium (CCM) Patterning

5.1.4 Laser-Induced Thermal Imaging (LITI) Method

5.1.5 Radiation-Induced Sublimation Transfer (RIST) Method

5.1.6 Dual-Plate OLED Display (DOD) Method

5.1.7 Other Methods

5.2 Solution-Processed Materials and Technologies

5.3 Next-Generation OLED Manufacturing Tools

5.3.1 Vapor Injection Source Technology (VIST) Deposition

5.3.2 Hot-Wall Method

5.3.3 Organic Vapor-Phase Deposition (OVPD) Method

Chapter 6 TFT and Driving for Active-Matrix Display

6.1 TFT Structure

6.2 TFT Process

6.2.1 Low-Temperature Polysilicon Process Overview

6.2.2 Thin-Film Formation

6.2.3 Patterning Technique

6.2.4 Excimer Laser Crystallization

6.3 MOSFET Basics

6.4 LTPS-TFT-Driven OLED Display Design

6.4.1 OFF Current

6.4.2 Driver TFT Size Restriction

6.4.3 Restriction Due to Voltage Drop

6.4.4 LTPS-TFT Pixel Compensation Circuit

6.4.4.1 Voltage Programming

6.4.4.2 Current Programming

6.4.4.3 External Compensation Method

6.4.4.4 Digital Driving

6.4.5 Circuit Integration by LTPS-TFT

6.5 TFT Technologies for OLED Displays

6.5.1 Selective Annealing Method

6.5.1.1 Sequential Lateral Solidification (SLS) Method

6.5.1.2 Selective Annealing by Microlens Array

6.5.2 Microcrystalline and Superamorphous Silicon.

6.5.3 Solid-Phase Crystallization

6.5.3.1 MIC and MILC Methods

6.5.3.2 AMFC Method

6.5.4 Oxide Semiconductors

Chapter 7 OLED Television Applications

7.1 Performance Target

7.2 Scalability Concept

7.2.1 Relationship between Defect Density and Production Yield

7.2.1.1 Purpose of Yield Simulation

7.2.1.2 Defective Pixel Number Estimation Using the Poisson Equation

7.2.2 Scalable Technology

7.2.2.1 Scalability

7.3 Murdoch's Algorithm to Achieve Low Power and Wide Color Gamut

7.3.1 A Method for Achieving Both Low Power and Wide Color Gamut

7.3.2 RGBW Driving Algorithm

7.4 An Approach to Achieve 100 NTSC Color Gamut With Low Power Consumption Using White + Color Filter

7.4.1 Consideration of Performance Difference between W-RGB and W-RGBW Method

7.4.1.1 Issues of White + Color Filter Method for Large Displays

7.4.1.2 Analysis of W-RGBW Approach to Circumvent Its Trade-off Situation

7.4.1.3 Design of a Prototype to Demonstrate That Low Power Consumption Can Be Achieved with Large Color Gamut

7.4.1.4 Product-Level Performance Demonstration by the Combination of Scalable Technologies

Chapter 8 New OLED Applications

8.1 Flexible Display/Wearable Displays

8.1.1 Flexible Display Applications

8.1.2 Flexible Display Substrates

8.1.3 Laser Liftoff Process

8.1.4 Barrier Technology for Flexible Displays

8.1.5 Organic TFTs for Flexible Displays

8.1.5.1 Organic Semiconductor Materials

8.1.5.2 Organic TFT Device Structure and Processing

8.1.5.3 Organic TFT Characteristics

8.2 Transparent Displays

8.3 Tiled Display

8.3.1 Passive-Matrix Tiling

8.3.2 Active-Matrix Tiling

Chapter 9 OLED Lighting

9.1 Performance Improvement of OLED Lighting

9.2 Color Rendering Index

9.3 OLED Lighting Requirement.

9.3.1 Correlated Color Temperature (CCT)

9.3.2 Other Requirements

9.4 Light Extraction Enhancement of OLED Lighting

9.4.1 Various Light Absorption Mechanisms

9.4.2 Microlens Array Structure

9.4.3 Diffusion Structure

9.4.4 Diffraction Structure

9.4.5 Reduction of Plasmon Absorption

9.4.5.1 Plasmonic Loss Mechanism

9.5 Color Tunable OLED Lighting

9.6 OLED Lighting Design

9.6.1 Resistance Reduction

9.6.2 Current Reduction

9.7 Roll-to-Roll OLED Lighting Manufacturing

Appendix

Index

EULA.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781119187486

1119187486

9781119187493

1119187494

OCLC:

974040634