Sustainable treatment and reuse of municipal wastewater : for decision makers and practicing engineers / Menahem Libhaber and Álvaro Orozco-Jaramillo.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Libhaber, Menahem.

Contributor:

Orozco-Jaramillo, Álvaro.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Sewage--Purification.

Sewage.

Sewage--Recycling.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (576 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

IWA Publishing 2012

London ; New York : Iwa Publishing Alliance House, 2012.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

In many countries, especially in developing countries, many people lack access to water and sanitation services and this inadequate service is the main cause of diseases in these countries. Application of appropriate wastewater treatment technologies, which are effective, low cost, simple to operate, proven technologies, is a key component in any strategy aimed at increasing the coverage of wastewater treatment. Sustainable Treatment and Reuse of Municipal Wastewater presents the concepts of appropriate technology for wastewater treatment and the issues of strategy and policy for increasing wastewater treatment coverage. The book focuses on the resolution of wastewater treatment and disposal problems in developing countries, however the concepts presented are valid and applicable anywhere and plants based on combined unit processes of appropriate technology can also be used in developed countries and provide to them the benefits described.

Contents:

Cover

Copyright

Contents

About the Authors

Acknowledgements

Dedication

Preface

Nomenclature

Part 1: Concepts

Chapter 1: Appropriate technologies for treatment of municipal wastewater

1.1. Introduction

1.1.1. Wastewater treatment issues in developing countries

1.1.2. Effluent quality standards

1.2. Wastewater Treatment Principles

1.2.1. Introduction

1.2.2. Key pollutants in municipal wastewater

1.2.3. Treatment processes and sequencing of treatment units

1.3. The Appropriate Technology Concept

1.4. Sustainability Aspects of Appropriate Technology Processes

1.5. Proposed Strategy for Wastewater Management in Developing Countries

1.5.1. The government's perspective

1.5.2. The utility's perspective

1.5.3. The strategy pillars

1.6. Anaerobic and Aerobic Processes of Decomposition of Organic Matter

1.7. Unit Processes of Appropriate Technology for Treatment of Municipal Wastewater

1.7.1. Introduction

1.7.2. Main unit processes of appropriate technology

1.7.3. Additional unit processes of appropriate technology

1.8. Commonly Used Combined Unit Processes of Appropriate Technology

1.8.1. Introduction

1.8.2. A series of conventional stabilization lagoons

1.8.3. A series of improved stabilization lagoons

1.8.4. UASB followed by facultative lagoons

1.8.5. UASB followed by anaerobic filter

1.8.6. UASB followed by dissolved air flotation

1.8.7. Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment (CEPT) followed by Sand Filtration

1.8.8. Pre-treatment of various types followed by a stabilization reservoir (Wastewater reuse for irrigation, the stabilization reservoirs concept)

1.8.9. UASB followed by anaerobic filter followed by dissolved air flotation followed by membrane filtration

1.9. Additional Potential Combined Processes of Appropriate Technology.

1.9.1. Introduction

1.9.2. Additional potential combined processes

1.10. The Effect of Temperature on Wastewater Treatment and Classification of Appropriate Technology Processes According to their Adequacy for Different Temperature Zones

1.10.1. Introduction

1.10.2. Appropriate technology processes adequate for zones with seasons of very low temperatures

1.10.3. Appropriate technology processes adequate for zones with seasons of medium low temperatures

1.10.4. Appropriate technology processes adequate for zones with seasons of mild low temperatures

1.11. Processes Adequate for Projects in Which the Land Area Available for WastewaterTreatment is Limited

1.11.1. The size of land area occupied by various appropriate technology based wastewater treatment plants

1.11.2. Processes which occupy small land areas and are adequate for cases in which the land available for wastewater treatment is limited

1.12. Removal of Pathogens, Phosphorous and Nitrogen in AppropriateTechnology Processes

1.12.1. Removal of pathogenic organisms

1.12.2. Removal of phosphorous and nitrogen

1.13. Recovery of Resources from Municipal Wastewater, the Potential tor Generation of Energy in Wastewater Treatment Plants and its Implications Regarding the Sustainability of their Operation

1.13.1. Introduction

1.13.2. Effluents as a water source for irrigation

1.13.3. Effluents as a source of fertilizers

1.13.4. Waste water as a source of energy

1.13.5. Wastewater treatment for reducing green house gases emission

1.13.6. Contribution of resources generation to sustainability and improved management of utilities

1.13.7. Example of recovery of the resources contained in wastewater

1.14. Appropriate Technology Treatment Processes Classified According to Their Adequacy for Use in Various Categories of Size of Cities.

1.15. Performance and Costs of Appropriate Technology Treatment Processes in Relation to Activated Sludge

1.16. Selection of the Adequate Treatment Process

1.17. Sewerage Networks, the Condominial Sewerage Concept

1.18. Wastewater Treatment in the Context of Global Water Issues

1.18.1. Introduction

1.18.2. The global water crisis

1.18.3. The main water consumers and the potential for water savings by consumer category

1.18.4. Reasons for the water crisis

1.18.5. Water and climate change

1.18.6. The situation of the poor

1.18.7. Water as a human right

1.18.8. Proposed strategy options to alleviate the water crisis

1.18.9. The water crises implications on wastewater treatment

1.19. The Processes for Which Design Procedures are Presented in the Following Chapters

Part 2: Design

Chapter 2: Decomposition processes of organic matter

2.1. Introduction

2.2. The Bioconversion Equation

2.2.1. Aerobic conversion

2.2.2. Anaerobic conversion

2.3. Bacterial Metabolism

2.4. Aerobic Decomposition

2.5. Anaerobic Decomposition

2.6. Differences Between Aerobic and Anaerobic Treatment

2.7. Kinetics and Stoichiometry of Carbonaceous BOD Decomposition

Chapter 3: Calculation of the wastewater flow and BOD load

3.1. Design Flow

3.2. BOD Design Load

3.3. Sample Calculation

3.3.1. Solution

Chapter 4: Rotating Micro Screens (RMS)

4.1. Process Description

4.1.1. Introduction

4.1.2. Process basics

4.1.3 Performance

4.2. Basic Design Procedure

4.2.1. General design considerations

4.2.2. Orderly design method (ODM)

4.3. Basic Design Example

Chapter 5: Treatment in stabilization lagoons

5.1. Process Description

5.1.1. Introduction

5.1.2. Basics of the process

5.1.3. Performance

5.2. Basic Design Procedures

5.2.1. General design considerations.

5.2.2. Orderly design method - ODM

5.3. Basic Design Example

Chapter 6: Anaerobic treatment

6.1. Process Description

6.1.1. Introduction

6.1.2. Basics of the processes

6.1.3. Performance

6.2. Basic Design Procedure

6.2.1. General design considerations

6.2.2. Orderly design method, ODM

6.3. Basic Design Example

Chapter 7: Stabilization reservoirs, concepts and application for effluent reuse in irrigation

7.1. Process Description

7.1.1. Introduction

7.1.2. Basics of the process

7.1.3. Performance

7.2. Basic Design Procedures

7.2.1. General design considerations

7.2.2. Orderly Design Method, ODM

7.3. Basic Design Example

Chapter 8: Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands (SSFCW)

8.1. Process Description

8.1.1. Introduction

8.1.2. Basics of the process

8.1.3. Performance

8.2. Basic Design Procedure

8.2.1. General design considerations

8.2.2. Orderly Design Method, ODM

8.3. Design Example

Chapter 9: Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment (CEPT)

9.1. Process Description

9.1.1. Introduction

9.1.2. Basics of the process

9.1.3. Performance

9.2. Basic Design Procedures

9.2.1. General design considerations

9.2.2. Orderly design method, ODM

9.3. Basic Design Example

Chapter 10: Complementary processes to combine with appropriate technology processes

10.1. Introduction

10.2. Sand Filtration

10.2.1. Introduction

10.2.2. Basics of the process

10.2.3. Basic design

10.3. Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF)

10.3.1. Introduction

10.3.2. Basics of the process

10.3.3. Basic design

10.4. UV Disinfection (By Ultraviolet Rays)

10.4.1. Introduction

10.4.2. Basics of the process

10.4.3. Basic design

10.5. Membranes

10.5.1. Introduction

10.5.2. Basics of the process

10.5.3. Basic design.

Chapter 11: Combinations of unit processes of appropriate technology

11.1. Introduction

11.2. Combination 1: Rotating Micro Screens Followed by UASB Followed by Facultative Lagoons

11.2.1. Introduction

11.2.2. Performance

11.2.3. Design

11.3. Combination 2: Rotating Micro Screens Followed by UASB Followed by Anaerobic Filter

11.3.1. Introduction

11.3.2. Performance

11.3.3. Design

11.4. Combination 3: Rotating Micro Screens Followed by UASB Followed by Sand Filtration Followed by UV Disinfection

11.4.1. Introduction

11.4.2. Performance

11.4.3. Design

11.5. Combination 4: Rotating Micro Screens Followed by CEPT Followed by Sand Filtration Followed by UV Disinfection

11.5.1. Introduction

11.5.2. Performance

11.5.3. Design

11.6. Combination 5: Rotating Micro Screens Followed by UASB Followed by Anaerobic Filter Followed by DAF Followed by Membrane Filtration (Micro Filtration and if Necessary Ultra Filtration)

11.6.1. Introduction

11.6.2. Performance

11.6.3. Design

Chapter 12: Global warming and wastewater treatment impact on climate

12.1. Global Warming

12.1.1. Introduction

12.1.2. Earth's temperature and warming

12.1.3. CO2 emission

12.1.4. GCM: global climate models

12.1.5. The data of vostok and other analyses

12.1.6. The Kyoto Protocol

12.1.7. IPPC proposals

12.1.8. Geoengineering proposals

12.1.9. Final reflections

12.2. Wastewater Treatment Impact on Climate

12.2.1. Emission factors (EF) of green house gases in wastewater treatment systems

12.2.2. Methodologies of quantification of green house gases in wastewater treatment systems

12.2.3. The impact of wastewater on global warming

12.3. Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM)

12.3.1. The kyoto protocol and the CDM

12.3.2. Requirements of the CDM.

12.3.3. A CDM case study: Santa Cruz, Bolivia.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

CC BY-NC-ND

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781780400631

1780400632

OCLC:

843213147

Access Restriction:

Open Access Unrestricted online access