Accessing asylum in Europe : extraterritorial border controls and refugee rights under EU law / Violeta Moreno-Lax.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Moreno Lax, Violeta.

Series:

Oxford studies in European law.

Oxford Studies in European Law Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Asylum, Right of--European Union countries.

Asylum, Right of.

Border security--European Union countries.

Border security.

Political refugees--Legal status, laws, etc--European Union countries.

Political refugees.

Physical Description:

lxvii, 550p.

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Oxford : Oxford University Press, 2017.

Summary:

The timely subject matter of this book focuses on the interface between extraterritorial border surveillance and migration management by EU Member States and the rights that asylum seekers acquire from EU law. In particular, Moreno-Lax concentrates on the relationship between the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and mechanisms of pre-entry control.

Contents:

Cover

Series

Accessing Asylum in Europe

Copyright

Dedication

Table of Contents

Table of Cases

Table of Legislation

List of Abbreviations

1. Introduction: EU Pre-​border Controls and Protection Seeker Flows

1. Background and subject matter

2. Objectives

3. Structure

Part I. The EU System of Pre-​Border Control and its Implications for Access to International Protection in Europe

2. Chronology and Conceptualization of 'Integrated Border Management': The 'Embodied Border' Paradigm

1. Introduction: The ideal of borderless Europe and competing rationales

2. A history of incremental integration: Towards 'integrated border management'

2.1 From Rome to Maastricht: The exploratory phase

2.2 Formal intergovernmental cooperation within and without Community structures

2.2.1 Schengen: The security drive gains force

2.2.2 Maastricht's Third Pillar: A purpose-​less, fruit-​less cooperation?

2.3 Amsterdam: The communautarisation of the Schengen acquis and Title IV EC

2.4 'Integrated border management': The emergence of a new concept

3. Lisbon, Stockholm, and the post-​Stockholm landscape: Consolidating IBM

3.1 'Widening' IBM: The digitalization of controls

3.2 'Thickening' IBM: The militarization of controls

3.3 'Externalizing' IBM: The extraterritorialization of controls

4. The border overall, irregular migration, and refugee flows: The need for differentiation

5. Closing remarks: The 'embodied border' and the EU fundamental rights acquis

3. The Schengen Borders Code: Securitized Admission Criteria as the Centrepiece of Integrated Border Management-​Instilling Ambiguity

1. Introduction: Codifying Schengen

2. Admission criteria and related rules before codification

2.1 The Schengen legacy

2.1.1 The Schengen Agreement and the Schengen Convention.

2.1.2 The Common Manual

2.2 Post-​Amsterdam EC measures

2.2.1 Implementing powers: Retaining sovereignty

2.2.2 Facilitating 'legitimate' travel

2.2.3 Increasing control to combat 'illegal immigration'

3. The Code: A 'common corpus of legislation' for IBM

3.1 Travaux préparatoires and outcome of negotiations

3.2 Structure, principles, and scope

3.3 Admission criteria

3.4 Border controls: Checks and surveillance

3.5 Denial of entry

3.6 Internal controls: Police checks and reintroduction of internal borders

4. The impact of the Schengen Borders Code on refugee flows

4.1 Are protection seekers covered by general admission criteria?

4.2 Are protection seekers covered instead by special provisions?

5. Closing remarks: Schengen criteria, protection seekers, and legal (un-​)certainty

4. Common Visa Policy: Bordering from Abroad-​Applying Admission Criteria before Departure

1. Introduction: Visas as pre-​border controls

2. Visas and Security: History, format, and the VIS

2.1 The evolution of visa powers under the Treaties

2.2 Visa format and the VIS

3. Visa requirements: The 'black' lists

3.1 The pre-​Amsterdam heritage: EC and Schengen visa lists

3.2 The Visa Regulation: Blacklisting criteria and outcomes

4. Visa issuing procedure: The Community Code on Visas

4.1 Pre-​codification instruments

4.2 Community Code on Visas: Definitions, principles, and scope

4.3 Application criteria and issuing process

4.4 Decisions and appeal rights

5. The impact of visas on refugee flows

5.1 Visa requirements of protection seekers

5.1.1 Visa Regulation provisions

5.1.2 Airport Transit Visa requirements

5.1.3 Other hidden lists?

5.2 Visa issuing procedure for international protection purposes

5.2.1 Limited territorial validity visas as 'asylum visas'?.

5.2.2 Additional procedural obstacles?

5.3 Access to visas in practice

6. Closing remarks: Visas, protection seekers, and the rule of law

5. Carrier Sanctions and ILOs: Anticipated Enforcement of Visa Requirements through 'Imperfect Delegation'-​Diverting Flows, Entrenching

1. Introduction: Privatizing border control, thwarting irregular movement

2. Carrier sanctions: The rise of anticipated enforcement of admission rules

2.1 General framework: Outline of delegated coercion

2.2 Specific rules on airlines: EU law as a 'shaper' of international standards-​legitimizing pre-​emptive enforcement of entry criteria

2.3 Special norms on shipping companies: The (limited) impact of international rules on EU standards

3. Immigration liaison officers: Reinforcing delegation arrangements of 'remote border coercion'

3.1 Pre-​EU arrangements: The secrecy of Schengen ILOs

3.2 Post-​Schengen experience: Opacity continued

4. The impact of carrier sanctions and ILOs on refugee flows

4.1 Carrier sanctions and forced migrants: The effects of 'imperfect delegation'

4.2 ILOs and protection seekers: The effects of 'hidden coercion'

5. Closing remarks: Structural incompatibility of delegated coercion with minimum legal guarantees?

6. Frontex: Joint Maritime Interdiction of Undifferentiated Flows-​Operationalizing Pre-​emptive Controls

1. Introduction: Institutionalizing 'border security'

2. Origins, structure, and mission

2.1 The genesis of Frontex

2.2 Mandate and attributions

2.3 Organization, composition, and accountability channels

3. Tasks and powers: Competing or complementary rationales?

3.1 Risk analysis: Anticipating threats (discounting fundamental rights?)

3.2 Training: Reintroducing fundamental rights?

3.3 Research: Establishing and operating EUROSUR.

3.4 Cooperation with third parties: Promoting external collaboration, diffusing responsibilities?

3.4.1 Cooperation with third countries

3.4.2 Cooperation with other EU bodies and international organizations

4. Joint operations and European Border and Coast Guard Teams (EBCGTs)

4.1 Mission planning

4.2 Deployment

4.3 Conclusion, early termination, and evaluation

4.4 EBCGTs and rapid interventions

5. Maritime surveillance and protection seekers

5.1 Hera

5.2 Hermes

5.3 Nautilus

5.4 Triton and Triton 'Plus'

6. Closing remarks: Pre-​emptive interdiction and non-​access to refuge

Part II. The Rights of Protection Seekers under EU Law and their Implications for Pre-​Border Controls

7. The Fundamental Rights Acquis: An 'Integrative Approach' to Interpretation-​The 'Aggregate Standards' Model

1. Introduction: Tracing the bases of the 'integrative approach' to fundamental rights

2. Human rights as international law

2.1 Human rights as treaty law

2.1.1 Direct effect

2.1.2 Indirect effect

2.2 Human rights treaties and the succession principle

2.3 Human rights as international customary law

2.4 'Substantive borrowing' and 'internal embedment': Transforming human rights into 'fundamental rights' within the EU legal order

3. Fundamental rights as general principles of EU law

3.1 Sources of general principles

3.2 Functions of general principles

4. Fundamental rights in primary law

4.1 Treaty provisions before Lisbon

4.2 Treaty provisions after Lisbon

5. The EU Charter of Fundamental Rights: Origins and evolution

6. Determining the Charter standard of protection: The 'integrative interpretation' method

6.1 The Charter and the ECHR: Call for consistency

6.2 The Charter and the Treaties: Call for uniformity.

6.3 The Charter and General Principles: Call for complementarity

6.4 The Charter and domestic traditions: From deference to 'Europeanization'?

6.5 Limitations: Proportionality and the effectiveness of rights

6.6 Organizing coexisting commitments: The 'aggregate standards' model

6.7 Article 53 CFR: Autonomy as isolation?

7. Closing remarks: Defining features of the 'integrative approach' to EU fundamental rights

8. EU Non-​Refoulement: (The Irrelevance of) Territoriality and Pre-​Border Controls

1. Introduction: Extraterritorial borders, refugees, and non-​refoulement

2. Non-​refoulement under the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees

2.1 Personal scope of application

2.2 Material scope of application

2.3 Territorial scope of application

2.3.1 Article 33 of the Refugee Convention

2.3.2 Lessons from international human rights law

2.3.2.1 The Human Rights Committee

2.3.2.2 The Committee Against Torture

2.3.3 Article 33 of the Refugee Convention in light of international human rights law

3. Non-​refoulement under the European Convention on Human Rights

3.1 Personal scope of application

3.2 Material scope of application

3.3 Territorial scope of application

3.3.1 The role of the 'territorial clause' and the 'espace juridique' restriction

3.3.2 Jurisdiction as a threshold criterion and extraterritoriality as an exception

3.3.3 Models of extraterritorial jurisdiction: Control over an area or over persons abroad

3.3.3.1 The Al-​Skeini taxonomy: The physical model of 'effective control'and the importance of de facto power

3.3.3.2 The Hirsi categorization: The juridical paradigm of 'official authority' and the role of de jure control

4. Non-​refoulement under EU Law

4.1 Sources and material content of EU non-​refoulement

4.1.1 Non-​refoulement in primary law.

4.1.1.1 Non-​refoulement as part of the right to asylum: Article 18 CFR.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 479-507) and index.

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

0-19-100438-3

0-19-100437-5

0-19-177051-5

OCLC:

1008630930