Information visualization : perception for design / Colin Ware.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ware, Colin, author.

Series:

Morgan Kaufmann series in interactive technologies.

Morgan Kaufmann Series in Interactive Technologies

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Information visualization--Data processing.

Information visualization.

Quality control.

Engineering inspection.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (513 pages) : illustrations.

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, [Netherlands] : Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2004.

Summary:

Information Visualization is the major revision of a classic work on information visualization. This book explores the art and science of why we see objects the way we do. Based on the science of perception and vision, the author presents the key principles at work for a wide range of applications - resulting in visualization of improved clarity, utility, and persuasiveness. This is the first work to use the science of perception to help serious designers and analysts optimize understanding and perception of their data visualizations. This unique and essential guide to human visual perception and related cognitive principles will enrich courses on information visualization and empower designers to see their way forward. Its updated review of empirical research and interface design examples will do much to accelerate innovation and adoption of information visualization. New to this edition are a new chapter on visual thinking, new sections on face perception and flow visualization, and a much-expanded chapter on color and color sequences. This book will appeal to interaction designers; graphic designers of all kinds (including web designers); financial analysts; research scientists and engineers; data miners; and managers faced with information-intensive challenges. *First work to use the science of perception to help serious designers and analysts optimize understanding and perception of their data visualizations. * Major revision of this classic work, with a new chapter on visual thinking, new sections on face perception and flow visualization, and a much expanded chapter on color and color sequences. *New to this edition is the full color treatment throughout, to better display over 400 illustrations.

Contents:

Cover

Contents

Figure Credits

Foreword

Preface

Chapter 1 Foundation for a Science of Data Visualisation

Visualization Stages

Experimental Semiotics Based on Perception

Semiotics of Graphics

Pictures as Sensory Languages

Sensory versus Arbitrary Symbols

Properties of Sensory and Arbitrary Representation

Testing Claims about Sensory Representations

Arbitrary Conventional Representations

The Study of Arbitrary Conventional Symbols

A Model of Perceptual Processing

Stage 1: Parallel Processing to Extract Low-Level Properties of the Visual Scene

Stage 2: Pattern Perception

Stage 3: Sequential Goal-Directed Processing

Types of Data

Entities

Relationships

Attributes of Entities or Relationships

Operations Considered as Data

Metadata

Conclusion

Chapter 2 The Environment, Optics, Resolution and the Display

The Environment

Visible Light

Ecological Optics

Optical Flow

Textured Surfaces and Texture Gradients

The Paint Model of Surfaces

The Eye

The Visual Angle Defined

The Lens

Optics and Augmented-Reality Systems

Optics in Virtual-Reality Displays

Chromatic Aberration

Receptors

Simple Acuities

Acuity Distribution and the Visual Field

Brain Pixels and the Optimal Screen

Spatial Contrast Sensitivity Function

Visual Stress

The Optimal Display

Aliasing

Number of Dots

Superacuities and Displays

Temporal Requirements of the Perfect Display

Chapter 3 Lightness, Brightness, Contrast and Constancy

Neurons, Receptive Fields, and Brightness Illusions

Simultaneous Brightness Contrast

Mach Bands

The Chevreul Illusion

Simultaneous Contrast and Errors in Reading Maps

Contrast Effects and Artifacts in Computer Graphics

Edge Enhancement

Luminance, Brightness, Lightness, and Gamma.

Luminance

Brightness

Adaptation, Contrast, and Lightness Constancy

Contrast and Constancy

Perception of Surface Lightness

Lightness Differences and the Gray Scale

Monitor Illumination and Monitor Surrounds

Chapter 4 Color

Trichromacy Theory

Color Blindness

Color Measurement

Change of Primaries

CIE System of Color Standards

Chromaticity Coordinates

Color Differences and Uniform Color Spaces

Opponent Process Theory

Naming

Cross-Cultural Naming

Unique Hues

Neurophysiology

Categorical Colors

Properties of Color Channels

Color Appearance

Color Contrast

Saturation

Brown

Applications of Color in Visualization

Application 1: Color Specification Interfaces and Color Spaces

Application 2: Color for Labeling

Application 3: Color Sequences for Data Maps

Application 4: Color Reproduction

Application 5: Color for Exploring Multidimensional Discrete Data

Chapter 5 Visual Attention and Information that Pops Out

Searching the Visual Field

Useful Field of View

Tunnel Vision and Stress

The Role of Motion in Attracting Attention

Reading from the Iconic Buffer

Preattentive Processing

Rapid Area Judgments

Coding with Combinations of Features

Conjunctions with Spatial Dimensions

Highlighting

Designing a Symbol Set

Neural Processing, Graphemes, and Tuned Receptors

The Grapheme

The Gabor Model and Texture in Visualization

Texture Segmentation

Tradeoffs in Information Density: An Uncertainty Principle

Texture Coding Information

Primary Perceptual Dimensions of Texture

Generation of Distinct Textures

Spatial-Frequency Channels, Orthogonality, and Maps

Texture Resolution

Texture Contrast Effects

Other Dimensions of Visual Texture

Texture Field Displays.

Glyphs and Multivariate Discrete Data

Restricted Classification Tasks

Speeded Classification Tasks

Integral-Separable Dimension Pairs

Monotonicity of Visual Attributes

Multidimensional Discrete Data

Stars, Whiskers, and Other Glyphs

Chapter 6 Static and Moving Patterns

Gestalt Laws

Proximity

Similarity

Connectedness

Continuity

Symmetry

Closure

Relative Size

Figure and Ground

More on Contours

Perceiving Direction: Representing Vector Fields

Comparing 2D Flow Visualization Techniques

Perception of Transparency: Overlapping Data

Pattern Learning

The Perceptual Syntax of Diagrams

The Grammar of Node-Link Diagrams

The Grammar of Maps

Patterns in Motion

Form and Contour in Motion

Moving Frames

Expressive Motion

Perception of Causality

Perception of Animate Motion

Enriching Diagrams with Simple Animation

Chapter 7 Visual Objects and Data Objects

Image-Based Object Recognition

Applications of Images in User Interfaces

Structure-Based Object Recognition

Geon Theory

Silhouettes

Faces

The Object Display and Object-Based Diagrams

The Geon Diagram

Perceiving the Surface Shapes of Objects

Spatial Cues for Representing Scalar Fields

Integration of Cues for Surface Shape

Interaction of Shading and Contour

Guidelines for Displaying Surfaces

Bivariate Maps: Lighting and Surface Color

Cushion Maps

Integration

Chapter 8 Space Perception and the Display of Data in Space

Depth Cue Theory

Perspective Cues

Pictures Seen from the Wrong Viewpoint

Occlusion

Depth of Focus

Cast Shadows

Shape-from-Shading

Eye Accommodation

Structure-from-Motion

Eye Convergence

Stereoscopic Depth

Problems with Stereoscopic Displays

Making Effective Stereoscopic Displays.

Artificial Spatial Cues

Depth Cues in Combination

Task-Based Space Perception

Tracing Data Paths in 3D Graphs

Judging the Morphology of Surfaces and Surface Target Detection

Patterns of Points in 3D Space

Judging Relative Positions of Objects in Space

Judging the Relative Movement of Self within the Environment

Reaching for Objects

Judging the "Up" Direction

The Aesthetic Impression of 3D Space (Presence)

Chapter 9 Images, Worlds and Gestures

Coding Words and Images

The Nature of Language

Visual and Spoken Language

Images vs. Words

Links between Images and Words

Static Links

Gestures as Linking Devices

Deixis

Symbolic Gestures

Expressive Gestures

Visual Momentum in Animated Sequences

Animated Visual Languages

Chapter 10 Interacting with Visualizations

Data Selection and Manipulation Loop

Choice Reaction Time

2D Positioning and Selection

Hover Queries

Path Tracing

Two-Handed Interaction

Learning

Control Compatibility

Vigilance

Exploration and Navigation Loop

Locomotion and Viewpoint Control

Frames of Reference

Map Orientation

Focus, Context, and Scale

Rapid Interaction with Data

Chapter 11 Thinking with Visualizations

Memory Systems

Visual Working Memory

Visual Working Memory Capacity

Rensink's Model

Eye Movements

Accommodation

Eye Movements, Search, and Monitoring

Long-Term Memory

Problem Solving with Visualizations

Visual Problem Solving Processes

The Problem Solving Strategy

Visual Query Construction

The Pattern-Finding Loop

The Eye Movement Control Loop

The Intrasaccadic Scanning Loop

Implications for Interactive Visualization Design

Interfaces to Knowledge Structures

Creative Problem Solving

Conclusion.

Appendix A Changing Primaries

Appendix B CIE Color Measurement System

Appendix C The Perceptual Evaluation of Visualization Techniques and Systems

Research Goals

Psychophysics

Detection Methods

Method of Adjustment

Cognitive Psychology

Structural Analysis

Testbench Application for Discovery

Structured Interviews

Rating Scales

Statistical Exploration

Principal Components Analysis

Multidimensional Scaling

Clustering

Multiple Regression

Cross-Cultural Studies

Child Studies

Practical Problems in Conducting User Studies

Experimenter Bias

How Many Subjects to Use?

Combinatorial Explosion

Task Identification

Controls

Getting Help

Bibliography

Subject Index

Author Index

About the Author.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed November 25, 2015).

ISBN:

9786611010119

9781281010117

1281010111

9780080478494

0080478492

OCLC:

467148440