Falling films in desalination : a computational approach / Henning Raach.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Raach, Henning, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Saline water conversion.

Saline water conversion--Mathematical models.

Physical Description:

xi, 186 pages ; 25 cm

Place of Publication:

Berlin ; Boston Walter de Gruyter, [2019]

Contents:

2 Desalination p. 3

2.1 Reverse osmosis p. 4

2.2 Saline distillation p. 6

2.2.1 Multistage flash evaporation p. 7

2.2.2 Multi-effect distillation p. 8

2.2.3 The EasyMED project p. 9

3 Physical foundations p. 13

3.1 Single phase flow p. 13

3.1.1 Four different descriptions of fluid flow p. 13

3.1.2 The substantial derivative p. 13

3.1.3 The divergence of the velocity p. 14

3.1.4 The continuity equation p. 15

3.1.5 The Navier-Stokes equations p. 16

3.1.6 The energy equation p. 18

3.1.7 Thermal diffusion p. 19

3.1.8 Mass transport p. 20

3.2 Two phase flow p. 21

3.3 Evaporation p. 24

3.4 Turbulence p. 26

3.4.1 What is turbulence? p. 27

3.4.2 The k-ε model p. 28

3.4.3 Turbulence near a wall p. 32

3.4.4 Turbulence near a free surface p. 34

3.4.5 Extension of the k-epsilon model for a free surface p. 37

4 Fundamentals of falling films p. 41

4.1 Flow regimes p. 42

4.2 The smooth film p. 43

4.3 The entrance region p. 47

4.3.1 Hydrodynamic point of view p. 48

4.3.2 Thermal point of view p. 49

4.4 Stability p. 49

4.5 Flow patterns p. 53

4.6 Experimental correlations p. 54

4.7 Simulations p. 58

4.8 Mixture effects p. 59

4.9 Enhancement of heat transfer p. 59

4.10 Harmonic waves p. 60

4.11 Long waves p. 61

4.12 Zero streamline p. 62

4.13 Reasonable approximations p. 62

5 Numerical methods p. 65

5.1 Finite volumes p. 65

5.1.1 Diffusion p. 66

5.1.2 Convection p. 67

5.1.3 Transient problems p. 68

5.2 The finite difference method p. 71

5.3 The finite element method p. 72

5.4 Volume of fluid (VOF) p. 72

5.5 Continuum surface force p. 76

5.6 Flows with phase change p. 77

6 Simulations with Star-CD p. 79

6.1 Effect of entrance region p. 80

6.2 Hydrodynamic studies with one wire p. 82

6.3 Wake of a wire p. 84

6.4 Thermal studies p. 85

6.5 New turbulence model p. 88

7 Employment of Open FOAM p. 91

7.1 2D periodically excited waves p. 91

7.2 3D simulations p. 93

7.3 Peculiarities of wavy falling films p. 95

7.4 Numerical experiments with wires p. 100

8 A Lesson from FS3D p. 105

9 Original programs p. 107

9.1 One-dimensional model with VOF p. 107

9.1.1 Effect of salinity p. 108

9.1.2 Boiling point elevation p. 108

9.1.3 Outline of the program p. 109

9.1.4 Results of 1D simulations p. 113

9.1.5 Refinementof ID model p. 114

9.2 Two-dimensional simulations with adaptive grid p. 116

9.2.1 Comparison of ID and 2D models p. 118

9.3 Conjugate heat transfer p. 119

9.4 Long wave equations p. 122

9.5 Harmonic waves p. 124

9.5.1 An efficient algorithm p. 125

9.5.2 A more complex program p. 126

9.6 With input from OpenFOAM p. 129

9.6.1 Reading out p. 129

9.6.2 Without convection p. 131

9.6.3 With convection p. 132

9.6.4 Random excitation p. 133

9.7 The evaporation rate p. 133

10 Generalization p. 137.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN:

9783110591774

3110591774

OCLC:

1032590785