Wetland for water pollution control / Miklas Scholz.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Scholz, Miklas, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Constructed wetlands.

Urban runoff.

Watershed management.

Water--Purification--Biological treatment.

Water.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (558 p.)

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, [Netherlands] : Elsevier, 2016.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Wetland Systems to Control Urban Runoff integrates natural and constructed wetlands, and sustainable drainage techniques into traditional water and wastewater systems used to treat surface runoff and associated diffuse pollution. The first part of the text introduces the fundamentals of water quality management, and water and wastewater treatment. The remaining focus of the text is on reviewing treatment technologies, disinfection issues, sludge treatment and disposal options, and current case studies related to constructed wetlands applied for runoff and diffuse pollution treatment. Professionals and students will be interested in the detailed design, operation, management, process control and water quality monitoring and applied modeling issues. * Contains a comprehensive collection of timely, novel and innovative research case studies in the area of wetland systems applied for the treatment of urban runoff * Demonstrates to practitioners how natural and constructed wetland systems can be integrated into traditional wastewater systems, which are predominantly applied for the treatment of surface runoff and diffuse pollution * Assesses the design, operation, management and water treatment performance of sustainable urban drainage systems including constructed wetlands

Contents:

Front Cover

Wetlands for Water Pollution Control

Copyright

Contents

About the Author

Preface

Acknowledgments and Dedications

Common Acronyms and Abbreviations

1 - Water Quality Standards

1.1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORICAL ASPECTS

1.2 WATER QUALITY STANDARDS AND TREATMENT OBJECTIVES

1.3 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND

1.4 CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND

1.5 OTHER VARIABLES USED FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF WASTEWATER

2 - Water Treatment

2.1 SOURCES OF WATER

2.2 STANDARD WATER TREATMENT

2.3 BASIC WATER CHEMISTRY

3 - Sewage Treatment

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 DESIGN FLOW RATES

3.3 TREATMENT PRINCIPLES

3.4 ENGINEERING CLASSIFICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT STAGES

4 - Stream Pollution and Effluent Standards

4.1 ORGANIC STREAM POLLUTION

4.2 PREDICTION OF ORGANIC STREAM POLLUTION

4.3 EFFLUENT DISCHARGE STANDARD PRINCIPLES

5 - Preliminary Treatment

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 DESIGN OF SCREENING UNITS

5.3 DESIGN DETAILS FOR SCREENING UNITS

5.4 COMMINUTORS

5.5 GRIT REMOVAL

6 - Primary Treatment

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 LOADING RATE METHODS

6.3 TANK DESIGN

6.4 DESIGN PARAMETERS

6.4.1 Design Settling Velocity

6.4.2 Horizontal Velocity

6.4.3 Time Ratio

6.5 ECONOMICS OF CONSTRUCTION

6.5.1 Rectangular Settling Tanks

6.5.2 Circular Settling Tanks

6.6 DESIGN DETAILS

6.6.1 Rectangular Settling Tanks

6.6.2 Circular Settling Tanks

6.7 HYDRAULIC LOSSES

6.8 GENERAL DESIGN DETAILS

6.9 DETAILS OF VARIOUS TYPES OF SEDIMENTATION TANKS

6.9.1 Storm Tanks

6.9.2 Primary Sedimentation Tanks

6.9.2.1 Quiescent Tanks

6.9.2.2 Rectangular Horizontal-Flow Tanks

6.9.2.3 Imhoff Flow Tanks

6.9.2.4 Radial-Flow Tanks

6.9.3 Secondary Sedimentation

6.10 SEDIMENTATION AIDS

7 - Coagulation and Flocculation

7.1 THEORY OF SETTLING.

7.2 CLASSIFICATION OF SETTLING BEHAVIOR

7.3 IDEAL SETTLING

7.4 INTRODUCTION TO COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION

7.5 COLLOIDAL SUSPENSIONS

7.6 COAGULATION PROCESSES

7.7 COAGULATION CHEMICALS

7.8 OPERATION OF THE COAGULATION AND FLOCCULATION PROCESS

7.9 RAPID MIXING

7.10 FLOCCULATION

8 - Sludge Blanket Clarifiers

8.1 INTRODUCTION TO SLUDGE BLANKET CLARIFICATION SYSTEMS

8.2 TYPES OF SLUDGE BLANKET CLARIFIER

8.3 PLATE SETTLING IN SLUDGE BLANKET CLARIFIERS

9 - Flotation Systems

9.1 FLOTATION USING BLOWN AIR

9.2 FLOTATION USING DISSOLVED AIR

9.3 FLOTATION UNITS

10 - Slow Filtration

10.1 INTRODUCTION

10.2 SLOW SAND FILTRATION

10.2.1 Elements of a Slow Sand Filter

10.2.2 Mechanisms in a Slow Sand Filter

10.3 ALGAL ACTIONS

10.4 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

11 - Rapid Filtration

11.1 ELEMENTS OF A RAPID SAND FILTER

11.2 SAND BED

11.3 UNDERDRAIN SYSTEM

11.4 HYDRAULICS OF FILTRATION

11.5 COMPARISON WITH SLOW SAND FILTER

12 - Biological Treatment

12.1 AEROBIC SELF-PURIFICATION

12.2 WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS

12.2.1 Aerobic Ponds

12.2.2 Facultative Ponds

13 - Biological Filtration

13.1 INTRODUCTION

13.2 TRICKLING FILTER

13.3 BASIC ECOLOGY

13.4 PROCESS VARIANTS

13.5 DESIGN OF BIOLOGICAL FILTERS

14 - Rotating Biological Contactors

14.1 INTRODUCTION

14.2 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION

14.3 DESIGN AND LOADING CRITERIA

14.4 PRINCIPLE ELEMENTS

14.5 OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS

15 - Activated Sludge Processes

15.1 BACKGROUND

15.2 ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS

15.3 COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS, PERCOLATING FILTRATION, AND WETLAND SYSTEM

15.4 ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS TYPES

15.4.1 Conventional Complete Mix Activated Sludge Process

15.4.2 Series or Plug Flow System

15.4.3 Tapered Aeration.

15.4.4 Step Feed Activated Sludge Process

15.4.5 High-Rate Activated Sludge Process

15.4.6 Extended Aeration

15.4.7 Contact Stabilization

15.4.8 Oxidation Ditches

15.4.9 Deep Shaft Process

15.5 ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS DESIGNS AND KINETICS

15.5.1 Diffused Air Aeration

15.5.2 Mechanical Aerators

15.5.3 Process Design

15.6 SUMMARY OF KEY PROCESS DESIGN CRITERIA

15.6.1 Loading Criteria

15.6.2 Reactor Types

15.6.3 Oxygen Demand

15.6.4 Nutrient Requirements

16 - Iron and Manganese Removal

16.1 INTRODUCTION

16.2 BASIC REMOVAL PROCESSES

16.3 ADVANCED REMOVAL PROCESSES

17 - Water Softening

17.1 INTRODUCTION

17.2 LIME-SODA SOFTENING

17.3 LIME SOFTENING

17.4 EXCESS LIME SOFTENING

17.5 LIME RECOVERY

18 - Water Microbiology

18.1 STATISTICS FOR APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

18.2 PROTOZOA

18.2.1 Trophic Structure

18.2.1.1 Autotrophic Food Chain (Fueled Principally by Sunlight)

18.2.1.1.1 Producers

18.2.1.2 Heterotrophic Food Chain (Fueled by Organic Matter)

18.2.1.2.1 Decomposers (Including Bacteria and Fungi)

18.2.2 Kingdom Protista

18.2.2.1 Phylum I: Sarcomastigophora

18.2.2.1.1 Subphylum 1: Mastigophora

18.2.2.1.2 Subphylum 2: Opalinata

18.2.2.1.3 Subphylum 3: Sarcodina

18.2.2.2 Phylum II: Apicomplexa

18.2.2.3 Phylum III: Microspora

18.2.2.4 Phylum IV: Ciliophora

18.3 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ORGANIC POLLUTANTS

18.3.1 Sewage Fungus

18.3.2 Saprobic System

18.4 EUTROPHICATION AND WATER TREATMENT

18.5 PROTOZOOLOGY OF TREATMENT PROCESSES

18.6 ODOR AND TOXINS OF NATURAL ORIGIN

18.7 PUBLIC HEALTH ASPECTS

18.7.1 Typical Diseases Related to Waters

18.7.2 Invertebrates Found in Main Supplies

18.7.3 Monitoring and Prevention of Waterborne Diseases

19 - Disinfection

19.1 DESTROYING PATHOGENS AND REQUIREMENTS OF A DISINFECTANT.

19.2 TRADITIONAL METHODS OF DISINFECTION

19.3 OZONE

19.4 CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND CHLORINE AS DISINFECTANTS

19.5 KINETICS OF CHLORINATION

19.6 APPLICATIONS OF CHLORINE

19.7 TECHNOLOGY OF CHLORINE ADDITION

19.8 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CHLORINE

20 - Constructed Wetlands

20.1 BACKGROUND

20.2 DEFINITIONS

20.3 HYDROLOGY OF WETLANDS

20.3.1 Hydro-Period and Water Budget

20.3.2 Precipitation, Interception, Through-Fall, and Stem-Flow

20.4 WETLAND CHEMISTRY

20.4.1 Oxygen

20.4.2 Carbon

20.4.3 Nitrogen

20.4.4 Phosphorus

20.4.5 Sulfur

20.5 WETLAND ECOSYSTEM MASS BALANCE

20.6 MACROPHYTES IN WETLANDS

20.6.1 Background

20.6.2 Primary Productivity

20.6.3 Phragmites australis

20.6.4 Typha latifolia

20.7 PHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS

20.8 EXAMPLES FOR NATURAL AND CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS

20.8.1 Riparian Wetlands

20.8.2 Constructed Treatment Wetlands

20.8.3 Wetlands for Stormwater Treatment

21 - Sludge Treatment and Disposal

21.1 INTRODUCTION

21.2 TESTS FOR DEWATERING OF SLUDGE

21.3 SLUDGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OBJECTIVES AND METHODS

21.4 TREATMENT PROCESSES

21.4.1 Lagoons

21.4.2 Aerobic Digestion

21.4.3 Other Treatment Methods

21.5 THICKENING AND DEWATERING OF SLUDGES

21.5.1 Chemical Conditioning

21.5.2 Air Drying

21.5.3 Gravity Thickening

21.5.4 Other Methods

21.6 PARTIAL DISPOSAL

21.6.1 Incineration

21.6.2 Pyrolysis

21.6.3 Composting

21.7 LAND DUMPING AND PASSIVE TREATMENT

22 - Wetlands Treating Contaminated Stream Water

22.1 INTRODUCTION

22.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

22.2.1 Experimental Plan and Limitations

22.2.2 Filter Media Composition

22.2.3 Environmental Conditions and Operation

22.2.4 Analytical Procedures Including Metal Determination

22.2.5 Microbiological Examinations

22.2.6 Statistics.

22.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

22.3.1 Comparison of Treatment Efficiency

22.3.2 Water Quality and Macrophytes

22.3.3 Water Quality and Microbiology

22.3.4 Regression and Correlation Analysis as Predictive Tools

22.4 CONCLUSIONS

23 - Wetland Systems to Control Roof Runoff

23.1 INTRODUCTION

23.1.1 Sustainable Roof Runoff Drainage

23.1.2 Case Study: Site Description

23.1.3 Purpose

23.2 METHODS

23.2.1 Design of the Study Site

23.2.2 Engineering Methods

23.2.3 Water Quality Analysis

23.2.4 Control of Algal Growth

23.2.5 System Capacity

23.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

23.3.1 Standard Design Considerations

23.3.2 System Design Comparisons

23.3.3 Water Quality Management

23.3.4 Twenty-Four-Hour Water Quality Monitoring

23.3.5 Aquatic Plant Management

23.4 CONCLUSIONS

24 - Wetlands Treating Road Runoff

24.1 INTRODUCTION

24.2 SITE, MATERIALS, AND METHODOLOGY

24.2.1 Case Study Site

24.2.2 Filter Design, Media Composition, and Limitations

24.2.3 Environmental Conditions and Operation

24.2.4 Metal Nitrates

24.2.5 Metal Determinations

24.2.6 Organic Strength, Nutrient, and Other Determinations

24.3 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

24.3.1 Inflow Water Quality

24.3.2 Comparison of Annual Outflow Water Qualities

24.3.3 Heavy Metal Removal

24.3.4 Link between pH and Treatment of Metals

24.3.5 Analysis of Variance and Modeling

24.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER WORK

25 - Combined Wetland and Below-ground Detention Systems

25.1 INTRODUCTION

25.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

25.2.1 System Design and Operation

25.2.2 Analytical Methods

25.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

25.3.1 Comparison of Costs

25.3.2 Inflow Water Quality

25.3.3 Comparison of Outflow Water Quality

25.3.4 Ecosoil and Turf

25.4 CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER RESEARCH.

26 - Modeling of Constructed Wetland Performance.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed November 18, 2015).

ISBN:

0-444-63612-9

OCLC:

929531691