Grid integrated and standalone photovoltaic distributed generation systems : analysis, design and control / Bo Zhao, Caisheng Wang, Xuesong Zhang.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Zhao, Bo, 1977- author.

Wang, Caisheng, author.

Zhang, Xuesong, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Photovoltaic power generation.

Interconnected electric utility systems.

Distributed generation of electric power.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (323 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley : China Electric Power Press, 2018.

Summary:

A practical and systematic elaboration on the analysis, design and control of grid integrated and standalone distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation systems, with Matlab and Simulink models * Analyses control of distribution networks with high penetration of PV systems and standalone microgrids with PV systems * Covers in detail PV accommodation techniques including energy storage, demand side management and PV output power regulation * Features examples of real projects/systems given in OPENDSS codes and/or Matlab and Simulink models * Provides a concise summary of up-to-date research around the word in distributed PV systems

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

Preface

Chapter 1 Overview

1.1 Current Status and Future Development Trends of Photovoltaic Generation around the World

1.1.1 USA

1.1.2 Japan

1.1.3 Germany

1.1.4 China

1.2 Current Research Status of Grid‐Connected Photovoltaic Generation

1.2.1 Characteristics of Grid‐Connected Photovoltaic Generation

1.2.2 Impact of High‐Penetration Photovoltaic Generations on Distribution Networks

1.2.3 The Necessary of Research on Distribution Network with High Photovoltaic Penetration

1.3 Summary

References

Chapter 2 Techniques of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation

2.1 Introduction to Distributed Photovoltaic Generation

2.1.1 Distributed Generation: Definition and Advantages

2.1.2 Principle and Structure of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation

2.2 Photovoltaic Cells

2.2.1 Classification of the Photovoltaic Cells

2.2.1.1 Classification Based on Cell Structure

2.2.1.2 Material‐based PV Cell Classification

2.2.2 Development History of Solar Cells

2.2.3 Model of a Silicon Solar Cell

2.3 Inverter

2.3.1 Topology of Connection between Inverter and Photovoltaic Module

2.3.2 The Classification and Characteristics of the Inverter

2.3.3 Requirements of a Grid‐Connected Photovoltaic Inverter

2.4 Maximum Power Point Tracking Control

2.4.1 Hill Climbing/Perturb and Observe

2.4.2 Incremental Conductance

2.4.3 Open‐Circuit Voltage Method

2.4.4 Short‐Circuit Current Method

2.4.5 Ripple Correlation Control

2.4.6 Load Current or Load Voltage Maximization Method

2.4.7 dP/dV or dP/dI Close‐Loop Control

2.4.8 Maximum Power Point Tracking Efficiency

2.5 Summary

Chapter 3 Load Characteristics in Distribution Networks with Distributed Photovoltaic Generation

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Load Characteristics of a Distribution Network

3.2.1 Load Types and Indices

3.2.2 Time‐Sequence Characteristics of Typical Loads

3.2.3 Case Study

3.3 The Output Characteristics of Photovoltaic Generation

3.3.1 Regulations on Grid‐Connected Photovoltaic Generation

3.3.2 Time‐Sequence Characteristics of Photovoltaic Generation

3.3.3 Case Study

3.4 Characteristics of the Net Load in a Distribution Network with Distributed Photovoltaic Generation

3.4.1 Influence of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation on System Load Level

3.4.2 Influence of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation on Load Fluctuation

3.5 Power and Energy Analysis of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation

3.5.1 Effective Power and Equivalent Energy of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation

3.5.2 Calculation Methods of the Correction Coefficients

3.6 Summary

Chapter 4 Penetration Analysis of Large‐Scale Distributed Grid‐Connected Photovoltaics

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Economic Analysis of Distributed Photovoltaic Systems

4.2.1 Cost/Benefit Analysis of Distributed Grid‐Connected Photovoltaic Systems

4.2.1.1 Cost Composition

4.2.1.2 Income Composition

4.2.2 Grid Parity

4.3 Large‐Scale Photovoltaic Penetration Analysis

4.3.1 Further Explanation of Some Concepts

4.3.2 Concepts and Assumptions

4.3.2.1 Basic Concepts

4.3.2.2 Basic Assumptions

4.3.3 Power Penetration Analysis

4.3.4 Photovoltaic Penetration with Different Types of Load

4.4 Maximum Allowable Capacity of Distributed Photovoltaics in Distribution Network

4.4.1 Static Characteristic Constraint Method

4.4.1.1 Voltage Constraint

4.4.1.2 Protection

4.4.1.3 Harmonic Limit

4.4.2 Constrained Optimization Method

4.4.3 Digital Simulation Method

4.4.3.1 Maximum Allowable Photovoltaic Capacity in Static Simulation.

4.4.3.2 Maximum Allowable Photovoltaic Capacity in Dynamic Simulations

4.5 Maximum Allowable Capacity of Distributed Photovoltaics Based on Random Scenario Method

4.5.1 Algorithm Introduction

4.5.2 Case Study

4.6 Photovoltaic Penetration Improvement

4.6.1 Full Utilization of the Reactive Power Regulation Capability of a Distributed Photovoltaic System

4.6.2 Distribution Network Upgrade

4.6.3 Demand Response (DR)

4.6.4 Energy Storage Technologies

4.7 Summary

Chapter 5 Power Flow Analysis for Distribution Networks with High Photovoltaic Penetration

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Power Flow Calculation for Distribution Networks with Distributed Photovoltaics

5.2.1 Comparison of Power Flow Calculation Methods for Distribution Networks

5.2.2 Power Flow Calculation Model for a Distributed Photovoltaics

5.2.3 Power Flow Calculation Method for Distribution Network with Distributed Photovoltaics

5.3 Voltage Impact Analysis of Distributed Photovoltaics on Distribution Networks

5.3.1 Mathematical Model

5.3.2 Simulation Studies

5.4 Loss Analysis in Distribution Network with Distributed Photovoltaics

5.4.1 Mathematical Model

5.4.2 Simulation Results

5.5 Case Study

5.5.1 Patterns for Distributed Photovoltaics Integration

5.5.2 Analysis on a Feeder

5.5.3 Analysis on SA Substation

5.6 Summary

Chapter 6 Voltage Control for Distribution Network with High Penetration of Photovoltaics

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Voltage Impact Analysis in the Distribution Network with Distributed Photovoltaics

6.3 Voltage Control Measures

6.3.1 Automatic Voltage Control System

6.3.2 Feeder‐Level Voltage Regulation

6.3.3 Photovoltaic Inverter

6.4 Photovoltaic Inverter Control Strategies

6.4.1 General Control Principle

6.4.2 Constant Power Factor Control Strategy.

6.4.3 Variable Power Factor Control Strategy

6.4.4 Voltage Adaptive Control Strategy

6.4.4.1 Q/V Droop Control

6.4.4.2 P/V Droop Control

6.4.4.3 Inverter Parameter Optimization

6.5 Modeling and Simulation

6.5.1 Approaches

6.5.2 Introduction to OpenDSS

6.5.3 Simulation Models

6.5.3.1 Automatic Voltage Control System

6.5.3.2 Photovoltaic System Model

6.6 Case Study

6.6.1 Basic Data for Simulation

6.6.2 Analysis of Power Flow and Voltage in Extreme Scenarios with Automatic Voltage Control

6.6.2.1 Working Day (July 16, 2014) Scenario

6.6.2.2 Holiday (May 1, 2014) Scenario

6.6.3 Participation of Photovoltaic Inverter in Voltage Regulation

6.6.3.1 Working Day (July 16, 2014) Scenario

6.6.3.2 Holiday (May 1, 2014) Scenario

6.7 Summary

Chapter 7 Short‐Circuit Current Analysis of Grid‐Connected Distributed Photovoltaic Generation

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Short‐Circuit Characteristic Analysis of Distributed Photovoltaic Generation

7.2.1 Short‐Circuit Characteristic Analysis of Symmetric Voltage Sag of Power Grid

7.2.2 Short‐Circuit Characteristic Analysis of Asymmetrical Voltage Sag of Power Grid

7.3 Low‐Voltage Ride‐Through Techniques of Photovoltaic Generation

7.3.1 Review of Low‐Voltage Ride‐Through Standards

7.3.2 Low‐Voltage Ride‐Through Control Strategy for Photovoltaic Generation

7.4 Simulation Studies

7.4.1 Fault Simulations of Photovoltaic Generation without the Low‐Voltage Ride‐Through Function

7.4.2 Fault Simulation of Photovoltaic Generation with the Low‐Voltage Ride‐Through Function

7.4.2.1 Case 1: 80 Three-phase Voltage Drop

7.4.2.2 Case 2: 80 Two-phase Voltage Drop

7.4.2.3 Case 3: 80 Single-phase Voltage Drop

7.5 Calculation Method for Short‐Circuit Currents in Distribution Network with Distributed Photovoltaic Generation.

7.5.1 Distribution Network Model

7.5.2 Calculation Method for Short‐Circuit Currents in a Traditional Distribution Network

7.5.2.1 Operational Curve Law

7.5.2.2 IEC Standard

7.5.2.3 ANSI Standard

7.5.3 Calculation Method for Short‐Circuit Currents in a Distribution Network with Distributed Photovoltaic Generation

7.5.3.1 Calculation Method for Symmetric Fault Short‐Circuit Currents

7.5.3.2 Calculation Method for Asymmetric Fault Short‐Circuit Currents

7.5.4 Fault Simulation Studies of Distribution Network with Distributed Photovoltaic Generation

7.6 Summary

Chapter 8 Power Quality in Distribution Networks with Distributed Photovoltaic Generation

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Power Quality Standards and Applications

8.2.1 Power Quality Standards for Grid‐Connected Photovoltaic Generation

8.2.2 Power Quality Requirements Stipulated in Standards for Grid‐Connected Photovoltaic Generation

8.2.2.1 Voltage Deviation

8.2.2.2 Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker

8.2.2.3 Voltage Unbalance Factor

8.2.2.4 DC Injection

8.2.2.5 Current Harmonics

8.2.2.6 Voltage Harmonics

8.3 Evaluation and Analysis of Voltage Fluctuation and Flicker for Grid‐Connected Photovoltaic Generation

8.3.1 Evaluation Process

8.3.1.1 First‐Level Provisions

8.3.1.2 Second‐Level Provisions

8.3.1.3 Third‐Level Provisions

8.3.2 Calculation

8.3.2.1 The First‐Level Evaluation for Photovoltaic Integration

8.3.2.2 The Second‐Level Evaluation

8.4 Harmonic Analysis for Grid‐Connected Photovoltaic Generation

8.4.1 Fundamentals of Harmonic Analysis

8.4.1.1 Harmonic Simulation Platform

8.4.1.2 Photovoltaic Harmonic Model

8.4.2 Harmonic Analysis of Photovoltaic Generation Connected to a Typical Feeder

8.4.2.1 Harmonics Analysis of Centralized Photovoltaic Connection.

8.4.2.2 Harmonics Analysis of Photovoltaic Connection in a Distributed Way.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781523115440

1523115440

9781119187356

1119187354

9781119187349

1119187346

9781119187363

1119187362

OCLC:

988864651