Materials and design : the art and science of material selection in product design Mike Ashby and Kara Johnson

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ashby, M. F., Author.

Johnson, Kara (Industrial designer), Author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Materials.

Industrial design.

Physical Description:

IX, 389 s. ill.

Edition:

3rd ed.

Place of Publication:

Oxford Elsevier Science ; Butterworth-Heinemann cop. 2014

Language Note:

English

Summary:

Materials are the stuff of design. From the very beginning of human history, materials have been taken from the natural world and shaped, modified, and adapted for everything from primitive tools to modern electronics. This renowned book by noted materials engineering author Mike Ashby and industrial designer Kara Johnson explores the role of materials and materials processing in product design, with a particular emphasis on creating both desired aesthetics and functionality. The new edition features even more of the highly useful "materials profiles" that give critical design, processing, performance and applications criteria for each material in question. The reader will find information ranging from the generic and commercial names of each material, its physical and mechanical properties, its chemical properties, its common uses, how it is typically made and processed, and even its average price. And with improved photographs and drawings, the reader is taken even more closely to the way real design is done by real designers, selecting the optimum materials for a successful product. The best guide ever published on the on the role of materials, past and present, in product development, by noted materials authority Mike Ashby and professional designer Kara Johnson--now with even better photos and drawings on the Design Process Significant new section on the use of re-cycled materials in products, and the importance of sustainable design for manufactured goods and services Enhanced materials profiles, with addition of new materials types like nanomaterials, advanced plastics and bio-based materials

Contents:

Intro

Half Title

Title Page

Copyright

Preface

Acknowledgments

Contents

1 Introduction

2 What Influences Product Design?

People and the Market

Science and Technology

Sustainability and the Environment

Economics and Investment Climate

Aesthetics, Behavior and Industrial Design

Product Differentiation

Simple Interfaces

Corporate and Brand Identity

Product Life

A Necessary Balance

Types of Innovation

Some Examples...

Product Differentiation - Wristwatches

Simple Interfaces - Mobile Phones

Corporate Identity - Bang &amp

Olufsen

Types of Innovation - USB Keys

Material Evolution

Kettles

Cameras

Hairdryers

Materials and Society

Baby Buggies

Conclusions

Further Reading

3 Materiality, Design, and Creativity

Ways of Thinking

Observation and Perception

Verbal-Mathematical and Visual Thinking

Visual Thinking in Material Science

The Design Process

The Design of Pens - an Example

The Original Concept

Iteration and Development

Design Details

Sources of Inspiration

Design Magazines, Annual Reviews, Museum Exhibitions, and Tradeshows

Material Sample Collections

Nature as Inspiration

Creativity

Brainstorming, Mood Boards, Mind Maps

More Formal Methods: Inductive Reasoning and Analogy

TRIZ and the 9-Windows Method

A Culture of Ideas

Sketching and CAD

Model-Making and Prototyping

Case Studies from IDEO

Steelcase i2i Chair

OXO Trashcan

Pangea Organics Packaging

Levi's Customized Buttons

Handspring Organizer

Zyliss Salad Spinner

Lufthansa Wireless Remote

Samuel Adams Beer Handle

4 Materials: The Stuff That Surrounds Us

The Engineering Dimension: Technical Attributes

Mapping Technical Attributes

Using Technical Attributes.

Usability: Ergonomics and Interfaces

Anthropomorphics and Bio-Mechanics

Information Management

Noise Management

Thermal Management

Light Management

The Environment: "Green" Design and Sustainability

Materials as Resources

Balancing Material and Energy Consumption

Eco-Design

National Legislation: Standards, Directives, Taxes, Trading

Industry Standards

Embodied energy

Aesthetics: The Five Senses

Touch: the Tactile Attributes

Sight: the Visual Attributes

Sound: the Acoustic Attributes

Personality: Building Emotional Connections

A Vocabulary of Perception

Perception of Technical Attributes

5 Manufacturing: Shaping, Joining, and Surfaces

The Other Dimensions

Expression through Shaping

Expression through Joining

Expression through Surfaces

Expression through Manufacturing

6 Form Follows Material

Materials and Architecture

Materials and Products

Identifying a Feature List

Identification

Visualization

Materialization

The Bicycle: Materials and Form

Bottle Openers: Materials and Form

The Compressor: Design Language

Household Appliances: Design Language

The Inverse Process: Product Archeology

7 Material Selection

Classification and Indexing

An Information Structure for a Bookshop

An Information Structure for Product Design

Material Selection for Product Design

Selection by Analysis2

Selection by Synthesis

Selection by Similarity

Selection by Inspiration

Combining the Methods

Material Selection

Case Studies

The Structure

Implications

Office Furniture

Material Selection - Analysis

Material Selection - Synthesis.

CD Cases

Violin Bows

Material Selection - Similarity

Ice Axes

Material Selection - Synthesis

Inline Skates

8 Materials and Sustainability

The Role of Materials

The Three Capitals

Competing Articulations of Sustainable Technology

Meta-Messages: The Bigger Picture

Material Efficiency

Consumption and Waste

The Role of Design

Why Do We Throw Things Away?

Landfill and Combustion

Re-Engineering and Life Extension

Re-Use and Recycling

Designing with Recycled Materials

The Problem of Packaging

Bio-polymers

Manufacturing

Properties of Bio-polymers

Bio-polymers and the Environment

Applications of Bio-polymers

Bio-composites

9 New Materials

The Adoption of New Materials

Information about New Materials

Profiles for New Materials

A Material Workshop

Material Exploration

Eastman Plastics

BASF High Temperature Plastic

Liquidmetal Amorphous Alloys

Eleksen Electronic Fabric

10 Conclusions

Appendix: Selected Material Maps

Chart 1 - Elastic Modulus, E, and Density, ρ

Chart 2 - Strength, σf, and Density, ρ

Chart 3 - Fracture Toughness, KIC, and Elastic Modulus, E

Chart 4 - Elastic Modulus, E, and Strength, σf

Chart 5 - Loss Coefficient, η, and Elastic Modulus, E

Chart 6 - Thermal Expansion Coefficient, α, and Thermal Conductivity, λ

Chart 7 - Strength and Stiffness of Fibers

Appendix: Modeling Aesthetic Attributes

Appendix: Selection by Analysis

Multi-Objective Optimization

Exercises

Chapter 1. Introduction

Chapter 2. What Influences Product Design?

Chapter 3. Materiality, Design, and Creativity

Chapter 4. Materials - The Stuff That Surrounds Us.

Chapter 5. Manufacturing

Shaping, Joining, Surfaces

Chapter 6. Form Follows Material

Chapter 7. Material Selection

Chapter 8. Materials and Sustainability

Chapter 9. New Materials

Chapter 10. Conclusions

Additional Exercises (Using the CES EduPack and Selector Software)

A Practical Reference for Inspiration

Material Profiles

Polymers

Thermoplastics

Thermosets

Elastomers

Design Notes

Polymer Composites

Metals

Ceramics

Glass

Fibers

Technical Fibers

Vegetable-derived Fibers

Animal-derived Fibers

Further reading

Polyethylene (PE)

Polypropylene (PP)

Polystyrene (PS)

Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS)

Polyamide (PA), Nylon

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), Acrylic

Polycarbonate (PC)

Polyoxymethylene (POM), Acetal

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)

Ionomers

Polyurethane (PU)

Polyvinylchloride (PVC)

Polyesters (PET, PBT, PETg)

Silicone

Phenolic

Cellulose Acetate (CA)

Cellulose Nitrate (Celluloid)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA, PHB)

Polylactide (PLA)

Thermoplastic Starch (TPS)

Polymer Foams

Carbon Steels

Stainless Steels

Low Alloy Steels

Aluminum Alloys

Magnesium Alloys

Titanium Alloys

Nickel Alloys

Zinc Alloys

Copper, Brass, Bronze

Technical Ceramics

Natural Materials

Metal Foams

Amorphous Metals

Shape-memory Alloys

Natural Fibers

Shaping Profiles

Injection Molding

Rotational Molding

Blow Molding

Expanded Foam Molding

Compression Molding

Resin Transfer Molding

Die-Casting

Sand Casting

Investment Casting

Polymer Casting

Shape Rolling and Die Forging

Extrusion.

Press Forming, Roll Forming, and Spinning

Thermoforming

Lay-Up Methods

Powder Methods

Laser Prototyping

Deposition Prototyping

Joining Profiles

Adhesives

Sewing

Rivets and Staples

Threaded Fasteners

Snap Fits

Hot Gas Welding

Hot Bar Welding

Hot Plate Welding

Ultrasonic Welding

Power-beam Welding

Brazing

Soldering

Torch Welding (MMA or SMA)

MIG Welding

TIG Welding

Resistance Welding

Friction Welding

Diffusion and Glaze Bonding

Surface Profiles

Screen Printing

Pad Printing

Cubic Printing

Hot Stamping

In-Mold Decoration

Vapor Metalizing

Electro-Plating

Anodizing

Mechanical Polishing

Electro-Polishing

Chemical Polishing

Solvent-Based Painting

Water-Based Painting

Electro-Painting

Powder Coating

Enameling

Etching

Texturing

Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Tittel fra tittelskjermbildet (sett 14. juli 2017)