Steel corrosion in concrete : fundamentals and civil engineering practice / Arnon Bentur, Sidney Diamond, Neal S. Berke.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Bentur, Arnon, author.

Diamond, Sidney, author.

Berke, Neal Steven, 1952- author.

Series:

Modern Concrete Technology Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Reinforcing bars--Corrosion.

Reinforcing bars.

Steel--Corrosion.

Steel.

Reinforced concrete construction.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (vi, 201 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

[Place of publication not identified] : Spon Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2005.

Summary:

Poor durability of concrete is a major cause of problems in modern building and civil engineering structures in all countries: the annual cost of investigating and repairing deteriorating reinforced concrete structures runs into many millions of.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

1 Introduction

References

2 Mechanisms of Steel Corrosion

2.1 Corrosion Reactions

2.2 Likelihood of Corrosion Occurring

2.3 Corrosion Rates

3 Relationships between Corrosion and the Structure and Properties of Concrete

3.1 Structure of Concrete and of Cement Paste

3.2 Chemistry of Concrete

4 Corrosion of Steel in Concrete

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Corrosion Initiation or Depassivation Stage

4.2.1 Depassivation by Carbonation

4.2.2 Depassivation by the Effect of Chloride Ions

4.3 Concrete Cover: Properties and Thickness

4.3.1 Uncracked Concrete Cover

4.3.1.1 Diffusion Processes and Diffusion Coefficients

4.3.1.2 Chloride Ion Diffusion through Uncracked Concrete Cover

4.3.1.3 Diffusion of CO2 and O2 through Uncracked Concrete

4.3.1.4 Carbonation through Uncracked Concrete

4.3.1.5 Electrical Resistivity of Uncracked Concrete

4.3.1.6 Corrosion Rates in Uncracked Concrete Cover

4.3.2 Cracked Concrete Cover

4.3.3 Defects in Concrete Cover other than Cracks

5 Corrosion Damage

5.1 Damage in Conventionally Reinforced Concrete

5.2 Damage in Prestressed Concrete

5.2.1 Ductile Versus Brittle Failure Modes

5.2.2 Stress Corrosion Cracking

5.2.3 Hydrogen Embrittlement

6 Corrosion Measurements

6.1 Theory

6.2 Laboratory Corrosion Measurements

6.2.1 Visual Techniques and Mass Loss

6.2.2 Electrochemical Techniques

6.2.2.1 Corrosion Potential

6.2.2.2 Polarization Resistance

6.2.2.3 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS)

6.2.2.4 Cyclic Polarization

6.2.2.5 Macrocell Techniques

6.2.2.6 Potentiostatic/Galvanostatic Measurements

6.2.2.7 Conductivity Measurements

6.3 Field Measurements

6.3.1 Visual Inspection and Delamination Survey.

6.3.2 Potential Mapping

6.3.3 Confirmation of Potential Mapping

6.3.3.1 Detailed Visual Inspection

6.3.3.2 Chloride and Carbonation Analysis

6.3.3.3 Corrosion Rate Measurements

6.3.3.4 Analysis of Cores

6.3.3.5 Assessment of Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Bars

7 Corrosion Control

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Control of Carbonation

7.2.1 Influences of Environmental Conditions

7.2.2 Concrete Composition

7.2.3 Curing

7.3 Control of Chlorides

7.3.1 Introduction

7.3.2 Estimating Chloride Ingress

7.3.3 Influence of Environmental Conditions

7.3.4 Composition of Concrete

7.3.5 Curing

7.4 Special Protection Measures for Severe Chloride Corrosion Environments

7.4.1 High-Performance Concretes

7.4.2 Corrosion Inhibitors

7.4.2.1 Anodic Inhibitors

7.4.2.2 Cathodic Inhibitors

7.4.3 Sealers and Membranes

7.4.3.1 Materials

7.4.3.2 Application

7.4.3.3 Carbonation Control

7.4.3.4 Resistance to Chloride Diffusion and Moisture Penetration

7.4.4 Coatings of Reinforcing Bars

7.4.4.1 Galvanized Steel Reinforcement

7.4.4.2 Epoxy-Coated Steel

7.4.5 Cathodic Protection

8 Specifications and Design

8.1 Specifications and Codes

8.1.1 Maximum Chloride Levels Permitted in Concrete

8.1.2 Thickness and Composition of Concrete Cover

8.1.2.1 British Codes

8.1.2.2 American Codes

8.1.2.3 European Codes

8.1.2.4 Specifications for Special Structures and Severe Exposure Conditions

8.1.3 Maximum Crack Width

8.2 Design Considerations for Carbonation-Induced Corrosion

8.3 Design Considerations for Chloride Exposures

8.3.1 Introduction

8.3.2 Effective Diffusion Coefficient, Deff' for Chloride Ingress

8.3.3 Effective Chloride Concentration at the Concrete Surface

8.3.4 Threshold Chloride Concentrations.

8.3.5 Service Life Calculations according to the Model

Appendix 8.A Suggested Revisions of the European Prestandard EN 206

9 Repair and Rehabilitation

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Field Assessment to Quantify Damage

9.3 Principles of Repair

9.4 Patch Preparation: Removal of Damaged Concrete and Cleaning of Steel

9.5 Treatment of the Steel

9.6 Repair Mortar/Concrete

9.6.1 Materials Composition

9.6.1.1 Polymer Mortars

9.6.1.2 Cementitious Materials

9.6.2 Primer Coating

9.6.3 Application Methods

9.7 Electrochemical Protection

9.8 Sealers and Membranes

10 Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

10.1 Basic Principles

10.1.1 Net Present Value

10.1.2 Time to Repair

10.2 Service-Life Cost Example for a Bridge Deck in a De-icing Salt Environment

10.2.1 Time-to-Corrosion Initiation

10.2.2 Time-to-Damage after Corrosion Initiation

10.2.3 Service-Life Cost Analysis

Index.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

1-4822-7189-3

OCLC:

1097106507