Ground remediation : a practical guide for environmental engineers and scientists / edited by Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P., editor.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Groundwater--Purification.

Groundwater.

Groundwater--Pollution.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (397 pages) : illustrations (some color)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Beverly, Massachusetts ; Hoboken, New Jersey : Scrivener Publishing : Wiley, 2017.

Summary:

Written by one of the world's foremost authorities on the subject, this is the most comprehensive and in-depth treatment available to environmental engineers and scientists for the remediation of groundwater, one of the earth's most precious resources. Groundwater is one of the Earth's most precious resources. We use it for drinking, bathing, and many other purposes. Without clean water, humans would cease to exist. Unfortunately, because of ignorance or lack of caring, groundwater is often contaminated through industrialization, construction or any number of other ways. It is the job of the environmental engineer to remediate the contaminated groundwater and make what has been tainted safe again.Selecting the proper remediation strategy and process is the key to moving forward, and, once this process has been selected, it must be executed properly, taking into consideration the costs, the type of contaminants that are involved, time frames, and many other factors. This volume provides a broad overview of the current and most widely applied remedial strategies. Instead of discussing these strategies in a generic way, the volume is organized by focusing on major contaminants that are of prime focus to industry and municipal water suppliers. The specific technologies that are applicable to the chemical contaminants discussed in different chapters are presented, but then cross-referenced to other chemical classes or contaminants that are also candidates for the technologies. The reader will also find extensive cost guidance in this volume to assist in developing preliminary cost estimates for capital equipment and operations & maintenance costs, which should be useful in screening strategies. The eight chapters cover all of the major various types of contaminants and their industrial applications, providing a valuable context to each scenario of contamination. This is the most thorough and up-to-date volume available on this important subject, and it is a must-have for any environmental engineer or scientist working in groundwater remediation.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Preface

About the Author

1 Conducting Groundwater Quality Investigations

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Evolution of Site Assessments

1.3 Technology Limitations and Cleanup Goals

1.4 Conceptual Models

1.4.1 Source and Release Information

1.4.2 Geologic and Hydrogeologic Characterization

1.4.3 Contaminant Distribution, Transport and Fate

1.4.4 Geochemistry Impacting Natural Biodegradation

1.5 Risk Assessment Concepts

1.6 Institutional Controls

1.7 Risk-Based Cleanup Goals and Screening Level Evaluations

1.8 Assessing Plume Migration Potential

2 The Family of DNAPLs

2.1 Defining DNAPL

2.2 Chemicals and Origins

2.2.1 Creosote and Coal Tars

2.2.2 Polychlorinated Biphenyls

2.2.3 Chlorinated Solvents

2.2.4 Mixtures

2.3 DNAPL Behavior

2.3.1 General Behavior and Concepts

2.3.2 Important Parameters for Site Characterization

2.4 Overview of Remediation Strategies

2.4.1 Remediation Goals

2.4.2 Technologies

2.4.2.1 Pump-and-Treat

2.4.2.2 Permeable Reactive Barriers

2.4.2.3 Physical Barriers

2.4.2.4 Enhanced Biodegradation

2.4.2.5 Thermal Technologies

2.4.2.6 Chemical Flushing

2.4.2.7 Excavation and Removal

2.4.2.8 Soil Vacuum Extraction

2.4.2.9 Water Flooding

2.4.2.10 Air Sparging

3 Hydrocarbons

3.1 Fate and Transport

3.1.1 General

3.1.2 Advective Transport

3.1.3 Dispersion

3.1.4 Sorption

3.1.5 Dilution and Recharge

3.1.6 Volatilization

3.2 Gasoline Compounds

3.2.1 General Description

3.2.2 The BTEX Compounds and MTBE

3.2.3 Properties of VOCs

3.2.4 Degradation

3.2.5 Half-Lifes

3.3 Pump and Treat

3.3.1 Concept

3.3.2 Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids

3.3.3 Contaminant Desorption and Precipitate Dissolution

3.3.4 Remedial Technologies.

3.3.5 EPA Cost Data for Pump-and-Treat

4 1,4-Dioxane

4.1 Overview

4.2 Properties, Fate and Transport

4.3 Health Effects and Regulations

4.4 Remediation Technologies

4.4.1 Advanced Oxidation (Ex Situ)

4.4.2 Adsorption (GAC) (Ex Situ)

4.4.3 Bioremediation

4.4.4 Treatment in Soil

5 Perfluorinated Compounds (PFCS)

5.1 Overview

5.2 Origins of the Contaminants

5.3 PFAs Properties and Structures

5.3.1 General Description

5.3.2 Variations of PFAS6

5.3.3 PFOS

5.3.4 PFOA

5.4 Environmental Fate and Transport

5.5 Groundwater Contamination

5.6 Water Treatment

5.7 Estimating Carbon Treatement Costs

6 Chlorinated Solvents

6.1 Physico-Chemical Properties of Chlorinated Solvents

6.2 Origins of Groundwater Contamination

6.3 Fate and Transport

6.3.1 Properties

6.3.2 Degradation and Daughter Products

6.3.3 Biodegradation Half-Life

6.3.4 DNAPL Migration

6.4 Groundwater Remediation Strategies

6.4.1 Preliminary Considerations

6.4.2 Soil Excavation, Treatment and Disposal

6.4.3 Soil Vapor Extraction

6.4.4 Enhanced Methods of Soil Vapor Extraction

6.4.5 In Situ Air Sparging

6.4.6 Enhanced Biodegradation

6.4.7 In-well Aeration and Recirculation

6.4.8 Reactive and Permeable Walls

6.5 Costs

6.5.1 Soil Excavation, Treatment and Disposal

6.5.2 Soil Vapor Extraction

6.5.3 Air Sparging Comparisons to other Technologies

7 Mineral Ions and Natural Groundwater Contaminants

7.1 Overview

7.2 Secondary Drinking Water Standards

7.3 Irrigation Water Quality Standards

7.3.1 Salts

7.3.2 Water Analysis Terminology

7.3.3 Types of Salt Problems

7.3.4 Salinity Hazard

7.3.5 Sodium Hazard

7.3.6 Trace Elements and Limits

7.4 Water Treatment Membrane Technologies

7.4.1 Overview

7.4.2 Reverse Osmosis (RO)

7.4.3 Nanofiltration.

7.4.4 Microfiltration

7.4.5 Ultrafiltration

7.4.6 Treatment Costs

7.4.7 Secondary Wastes

7.4.8 Selection Criteria

7.5 Ion Exchange

7.5.1 Technology Description

7.5.2 Chelating Agents

7.5.3 Batch and Column Exchange Systems

7.5.4 Process Equipment

7.5.5 Cost Data

7.6 Crystallization

7.6.1 Technology Description

7.6.2 Forced-Circulation Crysallizers

7.6.3 Draft-tube Crystallizers and Draft-tube-baffle Crystallizers

7.6.4 Surface-Cooled Crystallizers

7.6.5 Oslo Crystallizers

7.6.6 Fluid-Bed Type Crystallizers

8 Heavy Metals and Mixed Media Remediation Technologies for Contaminated Soils and Groundwater

8.1 Nature of the Problem

8.2 Toxic Metal Chemical Forms, Speciation and Properties

8.3 Remedial Technology Strategies

8.3.1 Isolation

8.3.2 Capping

8.3.3 Subsurface Barriers

8.3.4 Immobilization

8.3.5 Solidification/Stabilization

8.3.6 Vitrification

8.3.7 Toxicity and Mobility Reduction

8.3.8 Wet Oxidation Process

8.3.9 Advanced Oxidation Technologies

8.3.10 Permeable Treatment Walls

8.3.11 Biological Treatment

8.3.12 Physical Separation

8.3.13 Extraction

8.3.14 Soil Washing

8.3.15 Soil Screening

8.3.16 Chemical Treatment

8.3.17 Physical Treatment

8.3.18 Pyrometallurgical Extraction

8.3.19 In Situ Soil Flushing

8.3.20 Electrokinetic Treatment

8.4 Cost Data

8.4.1 General Cost Information

8.4.2 Site Capping

8.4.3 In situ Solidification/Stabilization

8.4.4 Ex Situ Solidification/Stabilization

8.4.5 Soil Washing

8.4.6 Slurry Walls

Index

EULA.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed July 15, 2017).

ISBN:

9781523115112

1523115114

9781119407720

1119407729

9781119407621

1119407621

9781119407737

1119407737

OCLC:

990777981