Textile finishing : recent developments and future trends / edited by K.L. Mittal and Thomas Bahners.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Mittal, K. L., 1945- editor.

Bahners, Thomas, editor.

Series:

THEi Wiley ebooks.

THEi Wiley ebooks

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Textile finishing--Technological innovations.

Textile finishing.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (586 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey ; Beverly, Massachusetts : Scrivener Publishing : Wiley, 2017.

System Details:

Access using campus network via VPN at home (THEi Users Only).

Summary:

Textiles have been historically and traditionally used to make clothes, but even in ancient times there were technical textiles for making sails, tents, etc. Today, technical textiles are used in various industries for a host of purposes and applications. Recently, there have been exciting developments on various fronts in the textile field to impart novel and innovative functionalities to textiles, e.g., easy-to-clean or dirt-repellent, flame retardancy, anti-bacterial, and fog-harvesting properties, to name a few. Also, textiles for electronics based on graphene, CNTs and other nanomaterials, conductive textiles, textiles for sensor function, textile-fixed catalysts, textiles for batteries and energy storage, textiles as substrates for tissue engineering, and textiles for O/W separation have appeared in the literature. All this has been possible through adopting novel ways for finishing textiles, e.g., by appropriate surface modification techniques, and utilizing biomimetic concepts borrowed from nature. This unique book entitled "Textile Finishing: Recent Developments and Future Trends" is divided into four parts: Part 1: Recent Developments/Current Challenges in Textile Finishing; Part 2: Surface Modification Techniques for Textiles; Part 3: Innovative Functionalities of Textiles; Part 4: Fiber-Reinforced Composites. The topics covered include: Antimicrobial textile finishes; flame retardant textile finishing; "self-cleaning" or easy-to-clean textiles; metallization of textiles; atmospheric pressure plasma, and uv-based photochemical surface modification of textiles; tunable wettability of textiles; 3D textile structures for fog harvesting; textile-fixed catalysts; medical textiles as substrates for tissue engineering; and fiber-reinforced "green" or "greener" biocomposites and the relevance of fiber/matrix adhesion.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright Page

Contents

Preface

Part 1 Recent Developments and Current Challenges in Textile Finishing

1 Recent Concepts of Antimicrobial Textile Finishes

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Antimicrobial Agents

1.2.1 Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Activity

1.2.2 Structures of Antimicrobial Agents

1.2.2.1 Leaching Antimicrobial Agents

1.2.2.2 Bound Antimicrobial Agents

1.3 Low Adhesion Agents

1.4 Dual-Action Antimicrobial Agents

1.5 Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Functionalized Textiles

1.5.1 Standardized Methods for the Determination of Antibacterial Activity

1.5.2 Standardized Methods for the Determination of Antifungal Activity

1.6 Health and Environmental Issues

1.6.1 Health and Environmental Impacts of Antimicrobial Compounds

1.7 Future Trends

1.8 Summary

Acknowledgement

References

2 Flame Retardant Textile Finishes

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Current Commercial, Durable Flame Retardants: Advantages and Disadvantages

2.3 Current Challenges

2.3.1 Minimisation of Effluents

2.3.2 Replacing Formaldehyde Chemistry, Particularly with Respect to Cotton and Blended Fabrics

2.3.2.1 Oligomeric Phosphate-Phosphonate

2.3.2.2 Multifunctional Carboxylic Acids

2.3.2.3 Alkyl Phosphoramidate Adduct

2.3.2.4 Phosphonyl Cyanurates

2.3.2.5 Cellulose-Phosphoramidate Ester Interchange

2.3.2.6 Cellulose-Chloro Triazinyl Derivative Condensation

2.3.2.7 Phosphorus Acid Derivatives of Cellulose

2.3.2.8 Phosphorus-Nitrogen-Silicon Developments

2.3.2.9 Polymer Networks

2.3.2.10 Other Finishing Treatments

2.3.3 Replacing Bromine, Notably in Coating and Back-Coating Formulations

2.3.3.1 Reducing the BrFR Concentrations

2.3.3.2 Possible Bromine-Chlorine and Phosphorus-Bromine Synergies

2.3.3.3 Effectiveness of Phosphorus.

2.3.3.4 The Sensitisation of Decomposition or Flame Retarding Efficiency of Phosphorus-Based Systems

2.3.3.5 The Introduction of a Volatile and Possible Vapour-Phase Active, Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardant Component

2.4 Novel Surface Chemistries

2.4.1 Sol-Gel Surface Treatments

2.4.2 Layer-by-Layer Treatments

2.4.3 Polymer Coating and UV and Plasma Grafting Treatments

2.4.3.1 Plasma Treatments

2.4.3.2 UV and Other Grafting Treatments

2.5 Summary

Bibliography

3 Striving for Self-Cleaning Textiles - Critical Thoughts on Current Literature

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Fundamental Principles

3.2.1 Self-Cleaning - The Super-Hydrophobic Approach

3.2.2 Self-Cleaning - The Super-Hydrophilic Approach

3.2.3 Expected Merits of the Concepts

3.3 Attempts to Attain Super-Hydrophobic Behavior

3.3.1 Minimized Surface Free Energy

3.3.1.1 Novel Chemical Finishes of Non-Polar Character

3.3.1.2 Deposition of Non-Polar Thin Layers by Plasma and Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD)

3.3.1.3 Deposition of Non-Polar Thin Layers by Photo-Chemical Surface Modification

3.3.2 Enhancing Liquid Repellence by Adding Surface Roughness

3.3.2.1 Application of Micro- and Nano-Rough (Hybrid) Coatings

3.3.2.2 Incorporation of Micro- and Nanoparticles

3.3.2.3 Laser-Based Surface Roughening

3.4 Attempts to Attain Super-Hydrophilic Properties

3.4.1 Use of Photo-Catalytic TiO2

3.4.2 Making Use of Micro-Roughness According to the Wenzel Model

3.5 Relevance for Dirt Take-Up, Cleanability, and Self-Cleaning

3.6 Summary

4 Metallization of Polymers and Textiles

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Main Methods of Metallization

4.2.1 Methods Based on Physical Vapor Deposition

4.2.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition Methods

4.3 Electroless Metallization

4.4 Summary

References.

5 Wettability Characterization in Textiles - Use and Abuse of Measuring Procedures

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Peculiarities of Textile Substrates

5.3 Wettability Measurements on Fabrics

5.3.1 Contact Angle Measurements

5.3.2 Drop Penetration Tests

5.3.3 Soaking or Rising Height Test

5.3.4 The Wilhelmy Method

5.4 Contact Angle Measurements on Fibers

5.4.1 Adapting the Wilhelmy Plate Method to Single Fibers

5.4.2 The Washburn Approach - Wilhelmy Wicking Method

5.5 Summary and Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgements

Part 2 Surface Modification Techniques for Textiles

6 Surface Functionalization of Synthetic Textiles by Atmospheric Pressure Plasma

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Processing Parameters of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (APP) Jet

6.3 Change in Single Fiber Wettability Due to APP Jet Treatment

6.4 Hydrophobic Recovery after APP Jet Treatment

6.5 Chemical and Topographical Changes on Fiber Surface Due to APP Jet Treatment

6.6 Fabric Damage Due to APP Jet Treatment

6.7 Improvement of Textile Serviceability Properties by APP Jet Treatment

6.7.1 Water Wicking Property

6.7.2 Detergency

6.7.3 Dyeability

6.8 Summary and Prospects

7 UV-Based Photo-Chemical Surface Modification of Textile Fabrics

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Fundamentals of the Process

7.2.1 Photo-Addition, Irradiation in Air

7.2.2 Layer Formation by Homo-Polymerization and Graft-co-Polymerization

7.2.3 Experimental Concept

7.3 Fiber Properties Defined by the Surface Chemistry of Deposited Layers

7.3.1 Wetting and Adhesion

7.3.2 Wetting and Protein Adhesion - Antifouling Surfaces

7.3.3 Highly Liquid Repellent Technical Textiles

7.3.4 Patterned Wettablitity

7.4 Fiber Modification by Bulk Properties of Deposited Layers

7.4.1 Mechanical and Thermal Stability.

7.4.2 Barrier Function

7.4.3 Charge Storage

7.4.4 Permanent Flame Retardant Finish

7.5 Summary and Outlook

Part 3 Innovative Functionalities of Textiles

8 Glimpses into Tunable Wettability of Textiles

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Paths to Tunable Wettability

8.2.1 Fibre and Textile Surface Functionalisation

8.2.2 Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel Functionalising Systems

8.2.3 Modes of Functionalisation and Additional Parameters to be Considered

8.3 Practical Aspects and Applications

8.4 Prospects

8.5 Summary

9 3D Textile Structures for Harvesting Water from Fog: Overview and Perspectives

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Biological Models

9.2.1 Namib Desert Grass

9.2.2 Black Beetle in the Namib Desert

9.2.3 Epiphytic bromeliads

9.2.4 Pinus canariensis

9.3 Textile Development and Engineering

9.3.1 Fog Harvesting Efficiency in the Laboratory

9.3.2 Model of Drop Formation on the Yarn System of 3D Textiles

9.3.3 Scale Up to an Industrial Process

9.4 Technical Realization

9.5 Summary and Prospects

10 Textile-Fixed Catalysts and their Use in Heterogeneous Catalysis

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Immobilization of Catalysts on Textile Carrier Materials

10.2.1 Inorganic Catalysts

10.2.2 Organo-Metallic Catalysts

10.2.3 Enzymes

10.2.4 Organic Catalysts

10.3 Summary and Outlook

11 Medical Textiles as Substrates for Tissue Engineering

11.1 Introduction

11.1.1 Concept of TE

11.1.2 Background of Medical Textiles in TE

11.2 Fiber Formation Approaches

11.2.1 Wet Spinning

11.2.2 Melt Spinning

11.2.3 Microfluidic Spinning

11.2.4 Self-Assembly

11.3 Fiber-Based Architectures for the TE Scaffold

11.3.1 Woven Fabrics

11.3.2 Knitted Fabrics

11.3.3 Braided Fabrics

11.3.4 Non-Woven Fabrics.

11.3.5 Bioprinting

11.4 Applications of Medical Textiles in TE

11.4.1 Musculoskeletal Tissues

11.4.2 Muscular Tissues

11.4.3 Ocular Tissues

11.4.4 Nerve Tissue

11.4.5 Skin

11.5 Summary and Prospects

Note

Part 4 Fiber-Reinforced Composites

12 Thermoset Resin Based Fiber Reinforced Biocomposites

12.1 Introduction

12.1.1 Reinforcements and Fillers

12.1.2 Resins

12.1.3 Composites

12.1.4 Nanocomposites

12.1.5 Interfaces

12.1.6 Petroleum Based and Biobased Resins and Fibers

12.2 Characteristics of Biocomposites

12.3 Composite Classification

12.3.1 Hybrid Composites

12.3.2 'Greener' Composites

12.3.3 'Green' Composites

12.4 Natural Fiber Processing

12.4.1 Fiber Extraction

12.4.2 Fiber Treatments

12.4.3 Fiber Forms (Nonwoven, Woven, Knitted)

12.5 Polymeric Resins

12.5.1 Green Resins

12.5.2 Thermoset Green Resins

12.5.2.1 Protein Based Resins

12.5.2.2 Starch Based Resins

12.5.2.3 Fats/Lipids/Oils Based Resins

12.6 Biobased Thermoset Composites

12.6.1 Plant Based Cellulose Fiber Biocomposites

12.6.2 Starch Based Biocomposites

12.6.3 Protein Based Biocomposites

12.6.4 Chitosan Based Biocomposites

12.6.5 Lipid Based Biocomposites

12.7 Bionanocomposites

12.7.1 Starch Based Nanocomposites

12.7.2 Cellulose Based Nanocomposites

12.7.3 Protein Based Nanocomposites

12.7.4 Chitosan Based Nanocomposites

12.8 Applications and Advantages of Biocomposites

12.9 Opportunity and Challenges

12.10 Summary

13 Characterisation of Fibre/Matrix Adhesion in Biobased Fibre-Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites

13.1 Introduction

13.1.1 Terms and Definitions

13.1.1.1 Fibre

13.1.1.2 Fibre Bundle

13.1.1.3 Equivalent Diameter

13.1.1.4 Critical Length

13.1.1.5 Aspect Ratio and Critical Aspect Ratio.

13.1.1.6 Single Element versus Collective.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781523123834

1523123834

9781119426875

1119426871

9781119426851

1119426855

9781119426790

1119426790

OCLC:

1001287806