Thermoelectric energy conversion : basic concepts and device applications / edited by Diana Dávila Pineda, Alireza Rezania.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Davila Pineda, Diana, editor.

Rezania, Alireza, editor.

Series:

Advanced micro & nanosystems.

Advanced micro & nanosystems

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Thermoelectricity.

Thermoelectric apparatus and appliances.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (339 pages) : illustrations (some color).

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Weinheim, Germany : Wiley-VCH, [2017]

Summary:

The latest volume in the well-established AMN series, this ready reference provides an up-to-date, self-contained summary of recent developments in the technologies and systems for thermoelectricity. Following an initial chapter that introduces the fundamentals and principles of thermoelectricity, subsequent chapters discuss the synthesis and integration of various bulk thermoelectric as well as nanostructured materials. The book then goes on to discuss characterization techniques, including various light and mechanic microscopy techniques, while also summarizing applications for thermoelectric materials, such as micro- and nano-thermoelectric generators, wearable electronics and energy conversion devices. The result is a bridge between industry and scientific researchers seeking to develop thermoelectric generators.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

About the Editors

Series Editors' Preface

List of Contributors

Chapter 1 Utilizing Phase Separation Reactions for Enhancement of the Thermoelectric Efficiency in IV-VI Alloys

1.1 Introduction

1.2 IV-VI Alloys for Waste Heat Thermoelectric Applications

1.3 Thermodynamically Driven Phase Separation Reactions

1.4 Selected IV-VI Systems with Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties Following Phase Separation Reactions

1.5 Concluding Remarks

References

Chapter 2 Nanostructured Materials: Enhancing the Thermoelectric Performance

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Approaches for Improving ZT

2.3 Recent Progress in Developing Bulk Thermoelectric Materials

2.4 Bulk Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials

2.4.1 Bi2Te3‐Based Nanocomposites

2.4.2 PbTe‐Based Nanostructured Materials

2.4.3 Half‐Heusler Alloys

2.4.4 Nanostructured Skutterudite Materials

2.4.5 Nanostructured Oxide Materials

2.4.5.1 p‐Type Oxides

2.4.5.2 n‐Type Oxides

2.5 Outlook and Challenges

Acknowledgement

Chapter 3 Organic Thermoelectric Materials

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Seebeck Coefficient and Electronic Structure

3.3 Seebeck Coefficient and Charge Carrier Mobility

3.4 Optimization of the Figure of Merit

3.5 N‐Doping of Conjugated Polymers

3.6 Elastic Thermoelectric Polymers

3.7 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Chapter 4 Silicon for Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting Applications

4.1 Introduction

4.1.1 Silicon as a Thermoelectric Material

4.1.2 Current Uses of Silicon in TEGs

4.2 Bulk and Thin‐Film Silicon

4.2.1 Single‐Crystalline and Polycrystalline Silicon

4.2.2 Degenerate and Phase‐Segregated Silicon

4.3 Nanostructured Silicon: Physics of Nanowires and Nanolayers

4.3.1 Introduction.

4.3.2 Electrical Transport in Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials

4.3.3 Phonon Transport in Nanostructured Thermoelectric Materials

4.4 Bottom‐Up Nanowires

4.4.1 Preparation Strategies

4.4.2 Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)

4.4.3 Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)

4.4.4 Laser Ablation

4.4.5 Solution‐Based Techniques

4.4.6 Catalyst Materials

4.4.7 Catalyst Deposition Methods

4.5 Material Properties and Thermoelectric Efficiency

4.6 Top‐Down Nanowires

4.6.1 Preparation Strategies

4.6.2 Material Properties and Thermoelectric Efficiency

4.7 Applications of Bulk and Thin‐Film Silicon and SiGe Alloys to Energy Harvesting

4.8 Applications of Nanostructured Silicon to Energy Harvesting

4.8.1 Bottom‐Up Nanowires

4.8.2 Top‐Down Nanowires

4.9 Summary and Outlook

Chapter 5 Techniques for Characterizing Thermoelectric Materials: Methods and the Challenge of Consistency

5.1 Introduction - Hitting the Target

5.2 Thermal Transport in Gases and Solid‐State Materials

5.3 The Combined Parameter ZT‐Value

5.3.1 Electrical Conductivity

5.3.2 Seebeck Coefficient

5.3.3 Thermal Conductivity

5.4 Summary

Chapter 6 Preparation and Characterization of TE Interfaces/Junctions

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Effects of Electrical and Thermal Contact Resistances

6.3 Preparation of Thermoelectric Interfaces

6.4 Characterization of Contact Resistance Using Scanning Probe

6.5 Characterization of Thermal Contact Using Infrared Microscope

6.6 Summary

Chapter 7 Thermoelectric Modules: Power Output, Efficiency, and Characterization

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Moving from Materials to a Device

7.1.2 Differences in Characterization

7.1.3 Chapter Summary

7.2 The Governing Equations.

7.2.1 Particle Fluxes and the Continuity Equation

7.2.2 Energy Fluxes and the Heat Equation

7.3 Power Output and Efficiency

7.3.1 Power Output

7.3.2 Efficiency

7.4 Characterization of Devices

7.4.1 Thermal Contacts

7.4.2 Additional Considerations

7.4.3 Constant Heat Input and Constant ΔT

Chapter 8 Integration of Heat Exchangers with Thermoelectric Modules

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Heat Exchanger Design - Consideration in TEG Systems

8.3 Cold Side Heat Exchanger for TEG Maximum Performance

8.4 Cooling Technologies and Design Challenges

8.5 Microchannel Heat Exchanger

8.6 Coupled and Comprehensive Simulation of TEG System

8.6.1 Governing Equations

8.6.2 Effect of Heat Exchanger Inlet/Outlet Plenums on TEG Temperature Distribution

8.6.3 Modified Channel Configuration

8.6.4 Flat‐Plate Heat Exchanger versus Cross‐Cut Heat Exchanger

8.6.5 Effect of Channel Hydraulic Diameter

8.7 Power-Efficiency Map

8.8 Section Design Optimization in TEG System

8.9 Conclusion

Acknowledgment

Nomenclature

Chapter 9 Power Electronic Converters and Their Control in Thermoelectric Applications

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Building Blocks of Power Electronics

9.3 Power Electronic Topologies

9.3.1 Buck Converter

9.3.1.1 On‐state

9.3.1.2 Off‐state

9.3.1.3 Averaging

9.3.2 Boost Converter

9.3.3 Non‐Inverting Buck Boost Converter

9.3.4 Flyback Converter

9.4 Electrical Equivalent Circuit Models for Thermoelectric Modules

9.5 Maximum Power Point Operation and Tracking

9.5.1 MPPT‐Methods

9.5.1.1 Perturb and Observe

9.5.1.2 Incremental Conductance

9.5.1.3 Fractional Open Circuit Voltage

9.6 Case Study

9.6.1 Specifications

9.6.2 Requirements

9.6.3 Design of Passive Components

9.6.4 Transfer Functions.

9.6.5 Design of Current Controller

9.6.6 MPPT Implementation

9.6.7 Design of Voltage Controller

9.7 Conclusion

Chapter 10 Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting for Powering Wearable Electronics

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Human Body as Heat Source for Wearable TEGs

10.3 TEG Design for Wearable Applications: Thermal and Electrical Considerations

10.4 Flexible TEGs: Deposition Methods and Thermal Flow Design Approach

10.4.1 Deposition Methods

10.4.1.1 Screen Printing

10.4.1.2 Inkjet Printing

10.4.1.3 Molding

10.4.1.4 Lithography

10.4.1.5 Vacuum Deposition Techniques

10.4.1.6 Thermal Evaporation

10.4.1.7 Sputtering

10.4.1.8 Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)

10.4.1.9 Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD)

10.4.1.10 Electrochemical Deposition

10.4.1.11 Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) Growth

10.4.2 Heat Flow Direction Design Approach in Wearable TEG

10.5 TEG Integration in Wearable Devices

10.6 Strategies for Performance Enhancements and Organic Materials

10.6.1 Organic Thermoelectric Materials

Chapter 11 Thermoelectric Modules as Efficient Heat Flux Sensors

11.1 Introduction

11.1.1 Applications of Heat Flux Sensors

11.1.2 Units of Heat Flux and Characteristics of Sensors

11.1.3 Modern Heat Flux Sensors

11.1.4 Thermoelectric Heat Flux Sensors

11.2 Applications of Thermoelectric Modules

11.3 Parameters of Thermoelectric Heat Flux Sensors

11.3.1 Integral Sensitivity Sa

11.3.2 Sensitivity Se

11.3.3 Thermal Resistance RT

11.3.4 Noise Level

11.3.5 Sensitivity Threshold

11.3.6 Noise‐Equivalent Power NEP

11.3.7 Detectivity D*

11.3.8 Time Constant τ

11.4 Self‐Calibration Method of Thermoelectric Heat Flux Sensors

11.4.1 Sensitivity

11.4.1.1 Method

11.4.1.2 Examples

11.4.2 Values of NEP and D*.

11.5 Sensor Performance and Thermoelectric Module Design

11.5.1 Dependence on Physical Properties

11.5.2 Design Parameters

11.6 Features of Thermoelectric Heat Flux Sensor Design

11.7 Optimization of Sensors Design

11.7.1 Properties of Thermoelectric Material

11.7.2 Parameters of Thermoelectric Module

11.7.2.1 Pellets Form‐Factor

11.7.2.2 Thermoelement Height

11.7.2.3 Dimensions of Sensors

11.7.2.4 Pellets Number

11.7.3 Features of Real Design

11.8 Experimental Family of Heat Flux Sensors

11.8.1 HTX - Heat Flux and Temperature Sensors (HT - Heat Flux and Temperature)

11.8.2 HFX - Heat Flux Sensors without Temperature (HF - Heat Flux)

11.8.3 HRX‐IR Radiation Heat Flux Sensors (HR - Heat Flux Radiation)

11.9 Investigation of Sensors Performance

11.9.1 General Provisions

11.9.2 Calibration of Sensor Sensitivity

11.9.3 Sensitivity Temperature Dependence

11.9.4 Thermal Resistance

11.9.5 Typical Temperature Dependence of the Seebeck Coefficient

11.9.6 Conclusions

11.10 Heat Flux Sensors at the Market

11.11 Examples of Applications

11.11.1 Microcalorimetry: Evaporation of Water Drop

11.11.2 Measurement of Heat Fluxes in Soil

11.11.3 Thermoelectric Ice Sensor

11.11.4 Laser Power Meters

Further Reading

Chapter 12 Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Hybrid Energy Conversion

12.1 Background and Theory

12.1.1 Introduction

12.1.2 PV Efficiency

12.1.3 TEG Efficiency

12.1.4 PVTE Module Generated Power and Efficiency

12.1.5 Energy Loss

12.1.6 Cost

12.1.7 Overall Feasibility

12.2 Different Forms of PVTE Hybrid Systems: The State of the Art

12.2.1 PVTE Hybrid Systems Based on Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)

12.2.2 Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cell with Built‐in Nanoscale Bi2Te3 TEG

12.2.3 PVTE Using Solar Concentrator.

12.2.4 Solar-Thermoelectric Device Based on Bi2Te3 and Carbon Nanotube Composites.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed September 25, 2017).

ISBN:

9783527698134

3527698132

9783527698141

3527698140

9783527698110

3527698116

OCLC:

1004623128