Palauan Reference Grammar Lewis S. Josephs ; with the assistance of Masa-aki Emesiochel, Masaharu Tmodrang, Helen Wilson.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Josephs, Lewis S., 1943-

Series:

PALI Language Texts--Micronesia Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Palauan language--Grammar.

Palauan language.

Genre:

Electronic books.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (110 pages)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Honolulu : University Press of Hawaii, 1975.

Summary:

The Palauan reference grammar offers a comprehensive description of the language that will interest speakers of Palauan and linguists alike.Although the linguistic phenomena of Palauan are often extremely complex, special efforts have been made to keep explanations as simple and clear as possible while capturing the essential phonological and.

Contents:

Intro

Palauan Reference Grammar

Contents

Preface

1 Sounds and Spelling of Palauan

1.1. SOUND SYSTEM OF PALAUAN

1.2. SIGNIFICANT SOUNDS (PHONEMES) OF PALAUAN

1.3. THE CONSONANTS OF PALAUAN

1.3.1. Stops

1.3.2. Fricative

1.3.3. Nasals

1.3.4. Liquids

1.3.4.1. The Sequences ll and rr

1.3.5. Syllabic Consonants

1.4. THE VOWELS OF PALAUAN

1.4.1. High Vowels i and u

1.4.2. Mid Vowels e, ȩ, and o

1.4.3. Low Vowel a

1.4.4. The Vowel ȩ and the Process of Vowel Reduction

1.4.5. Other Occurrences of Schwa

1.4.6. Long Vowels

1.4.7. Vowel Clusters

1.5. FURTHER RULES OF PALAUAN SPELLING

1.6. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY

2 Palauan Nouns

2.1. GRAMMATICAL SYSTEM OF PALAUAN

2.2. IDENTIFICATION OF PALAUAN NOUNS

2.3. DISTRIBUTION OF PALAUAN NOUNS

2.4. PRONOUNS

2.5. PLURALS

2.6. THE PALAUAN WORD a

2.7. SPECIFIC VS. NON-SPECIFIC OBJECT NOUNS

3 Noun Possession

3.1. POSSESSOR SUFFIXES AND POSSESSED NOUNS

3.2. PERSON AND NUMBER

3.3. FOUR SETS OF POSSESSOR SUFFIXES

3.4. VOWEL REDUCTION

3.4.1. Vowel Deletion

3.4.2. Shortening of Long Vowels

3.4.3. Shortening of Vowel Clusters

*3.4.3.1. Technical Discussion of Vowel Cluster Shortening

3.4.4. Possessed Nouns with -ng-.

3.4.5. Alternation Between -ng and -l-

3.5. OBLIGATORILY POSSESSED NOUNS

3.6. PALAUAN NOUN PHRASES

3.7. NOUN PHRASES OF POSSESSION VS. NOUN PHRASES OF CHARACTERIZATION

3.8. UNPOSSESSIBLE NOUNS

3.9. NOUN PHRASES OF CHARACTERIZATION: FURTHER EXAMPLES

3.10. APPOSITIONAL STRUCTURES

3.11. SOME SPECIAL POSSESSED NOUNS

3.12. SUMMARY OF PALAUAN NOUN PHRASES

4 Palauan Pronouns

4.1. INDEPENDENT PRONOUNS AND AFFIX PRONOUNS

4.2. NON-EMPHATIC VS. EMPHATIC SUBJECTS

4.3. USE OF EMPHATIC PRONOUNS FOLLOWING ȩr.

4.4. EMPHATIC PRONOUNS IN COORDINATE NOUN PHRASES

4.5. EMPHATIC PRONOUNS PRECEDED BY di

4.6. OTHER USES OF EMPHATIC PRONOUNS

4.7. NON-EMPHATIC PRONOUNS AS PRONOMINAL TRACES

4.8. PRONOMINALIZATION

4.9. OBJECT PRONOUNS AND PERFECTIVE VERBS

4.9.1. The Zero (Ø) Object Pronoun

4.9.2. Further Examples of Perfective Verb Forms

4.9.3. Verbs with Limited Perfective Forms

4.9.4. Variant Forms of the Object Pronouns

4.10. HYPOTHETICAL PRONOUNS

4.10.1. Hypothetical Pronouns with Imperfective Verbs

4.10.2. Hypothetical Pronouns as Agents

4.10.3. Hypothetical Pronouns with the Past Tense

4.10.4. Reduced Variants of the Hypothetical Pronouns

4.10.5. Distribution of the Reduced Variants

4.10.6. Hypothetical Forms of Complex Verb Phrases

4.10.7. Imperative Verb Forms

4.10.8. Propositive Verb Forms

4.10.9. Summary of Hypothetical Pronouns

5 Palauan Verbs

5.1. IDENTIFICATION OF PALAUAN VERBS

5.1.1. Action Verbs: Transitive and Intransitive

5.1.2. State Verbs

5.1.3. Further Differences Between Action Verbs and State Verbs

5.2. DISTRIBUTION OF PALAUAN VERBS

5.3. TENSE

5.3.1. Present Tense

5.3.2. Past Tense

5.3.2.1. The Auxiliary mla.

5.3.3. Future Tense

5.4. THE VERB MARKER AND ERGATIVE VERB FORMS

5.5. IMPERFECTIVE VS. PERFECTIVE VERB FORMS

5.6. ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SENTENCES

5.7. FURTHER TYPES OF VERBS

5.8. SUMMARY OF PALAUAN VERBS

6 The Verb Marker and Perfective Verb Forms

6.1. THE VERB MARKER PREFIXES

6.1.1. The Prefix ou-

6.2. THE INFIXED VERB MARKER AND METATHESIS

6.2.1. Absence of the Verb Marker in Hypothetical Verb Forms

6.3. SELECTED LIST OF PERFECTIVE VERB FORMS

6.3.1. Metathesis in Perfective Verb Forms

6.3.2. The Metathesized Verb Marker and Vowel Blending

6.3.3. Deletion of the Metathesized Verb Marker.

6.4. VOWEL REDUCTION AND VOWEL DELETION IN PERFECTIVE VERB FORMS

*6.5. ADDITIONAL REMARKS ON PERFECTIVE VERB FORMS

6.6. PERFECTIVE FORMS OF TRANSITIVE VERBS IN o-

6.7. HYPOTHETICAL FORMS OF PERFECTIVE VERBS

7 State Verbs

7.1. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF STATE VERBS

7.2. STATE VERBS WITH PLURAL SUBJECTS

7.3. VERBS WITH mle AND -il- IN THE PAST

7.4. TRANSITIVE STATE VERBS

7.5. STATE VERBS WITH bȩ-

7.6. THE PREFIXES bȩkȩ- AND sekȩ-

7.6.1. State Verbs with bȩkȩ- Denoting Smells

7.7. RESULTING STATE VERBS

7.8. ANTICIPATING STATE VERBS

7.8.1. The Anticipating State Suffix -all

7.8.2. Resulting and Anticipating State Verbs as Nouns

7.9. TRANSITIVE VERBS DERIVED FROM STATE VERBS

8 Noun Derivation

8.1. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF PALAUAN NOUNS

8.2. STATE VERBS FUNCTIONING AS NOUNS

8.3. NOUNS DERIVED WITH -(ȩ)l- FROM INTRANSITIVE VERBS

8.4. NOUNS DERIVED FROM RECIPROCAL VERBS

8.5. ABSTRACT NOUNS DERIVED WITH kl(ȩ)-

8.6. INSTRUMENT AND ACTION NOUNS WITH o-

8.7. NOUNS DERIVED WITH ul(ȩ)-

9 Causative Verbs

9.1. MEANING AND USE OF CAUSATIVE VERBS

9.2. FORMS OF THE CAUSATIVE PREFIX

9.2.1. The Prefix omȩ(k)-

*9.2.1.1. Technical Discussion of the Prefix omȩ(k)-

9.2.1.2. Additional Types of Causative Verbs with omȩ(k)-

9.2.1.3. Sample Sentences with omȩ(k)- Causatives

9.2.2. The Prefix ol(ȩ)-

*9.2.2.1. Technical Discussion of the Prefix ol(ȩ)-

9.2.2.2. Additional Types of Causative Verbs with ol(ȩ)-

9.2.2.3. Sample Sentences with ol(ȩ)- Causatives

9.3. VERB STEMS ALLOWING TWO CAUSATIVES

9.4. PERFECTIVE FORMS OF CAUSATIVE VERBS

9.5. ERGATIVE FORMS OF CAUSATIVE VERBS

9.6. HYPOTHETICAL FORMS OF CAUSATIVE VERBS

10 Reciprocal Verbs

10.1. MEANING AND USE OF RECIPROCAL VERBS

10.2. FORMS OF THE RECIPROCAL PREFIX.

10.2.1. Reciprocal Verbs Related to Causative Verbs

10.2.2. Reciprocal Verbs Related to Verbs in ou-

10.2.3. Reciprocal Verbs Derived From Transitive Verb Stems

10.2.4. The Reciprocal Prefix cha-

10.3. SAMPLE SENTENCES WITH RECIPROCAL VERBS

10.4. EXTENDED FUNCTIONS OF THE RECIPROCAL PREFIX

11 Reduplication and Further Verb Affixation

11.1. TYPES OF VERB DERIVATION

11.1.1. Previous Examples of Reduplication

11.2. REDUPLICATION OF SIMPLE STATE VERBS

11.2.1. Reduplication of Possessed Nouns

11.3. REDUPLICATION OF STATE VERBS IN mȩ-

11.4. REDUPLICATION OF DERIVED STATE VERBS

11.5. COMPLEX PATTERNS OF REDUPLICATION

11.6. REDUPLICATION OF INTRANSITIVE ACTION VERBS

11.7. REDUPLICATION OF TRANSITIVE ACTION VERBS

11.8. REDUPLICATION OF VERBS IN ou- AND o-

11.9. REDUPLICATION OF CAUSATIVE VERBS

11.10. REDUPLICATION OF RECIPROCAL VERBS

11.11. "FOSSILIZED" REDUPLICATION

11.12. THE PREDICTIVE AND INCHOATIVE SUFFIXES

11.12.1 Predictive and Inchoative Forms of Intransitive Action Verbs

11.12.2. Predictive and Inchoative Forms of Ergative Verbs

11.12.3. Predictive and Inchoative Forms of Imperfective Verbs

11.12.4. Inchoative Forms of State Verbs

11.12.5. Predictive and Inchoative Forms of mo

11.12.6. The Predictive Word ku

12 Imperfective vs. Perfective Verbs

12.1. MEANING OF IMPERFECTIVE VS. PERFECTIVE VERB FORMS

12.2. IMPERFECTIVE VS. PERFECTIVE VERB FORMS IN VARIOUS TENSES

12.3. FURTHER EXAMPLES OF CONTRAST BETWEEN IMPERFECTIVE AND PERFECTIVE VERB FORMS

12.4. IMPERFECTIVE VS. PERFECTIVE VERB FORMS AND SPECIFIC OBJECTS

12.5. CONTEXTUAL RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF IMPERFECTIVE VS. PERFECTIVE VERB FORMS

12.6. THE TRANSITIVE VERB omes

12.7. THE TRANSITIVE VERB orrengȩs

13 Directional Verbs

13.1. THE THREE DIRECTIONAL VERBS OF PALAUAN.

13.2. MEANING AND USE OF THE DIRECTIONAL VERBS

13.3. DIRECTIONAL VERBS FOLLOWED BY ACTION VERBS

13.4. THE DIRECTIONAL VERBS AND FUTURE TIME

13.5. THE DIRECTIONAL VERB mo AND CHANGE OF STATE

13.5.1. Change of State Expressions With Noun Phrases

13.6. SPECIAL VERBAL EXPRESSIONS WITH mo

14 Relational Phrases

14.1. DISTRIBUTION AND FUNCTION OF RELATIONAL PHRASES

14.2. LOCATIONAL PHRASES

14.2.1. Locational Phrases With Nouns Describing Spatial Relationships.

14.2.2. Additional Examples of Nouns Describing Spatial Relationships

14.3. DIRECTIONAL PHRASES

14.3.1. Further Types of Directional Phrases

14.4. SOURCE PHRASES

14.4.1. Further Types of Source Phrases

14.5. CAUSE PHRASES

14.6. TEMPORAL PHRASES

14.7. SENTENCES WITH MORE THAN ONE RELATIONAL PHRASE

14.8. RELATIONAL PHRASES USED TO EXPRESS COMPARISON

14.9. FURTHER TYPES OF PALAUAN RELATIONAL PHRASES

15 Dependent Clauses

15.1. CHARACTERISTICS OF DEPENDENT CLAUSES

15.2. PURPOSE CLAUSES

15.2.1. Purpose Clauses Containing Directional Verbs

15.2.2. Purpose Clauses Following Nouns

15.3. INSTRUMENT CLAUSES

15.4. PURPOSE AND INSTRUMENT CLAUSES WITH PAST TENSE VERB FORMS

15.5. MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION CLAUSES

15.6. ACCOMPANIMENT CLAUSES

15.7. SPECIFYING CLAUSES

15.7.1. Specifying Clauses Containing Directional Verbs

15.7.2. Specifying Clauses Following lmuut

15.7.3. Specifying Clauses Following dmak

15.7.4. Specifying Clauses Containing the Perfective Forms of mȩrkui

15.7.4.1. Regional Variation in the Use of ȩl rokir and ȩl rokui

15.7.5. Specifying Clauses Designating Periods of Time

15.7.6. Specifying Clauses in Sentences Designating Manner

15.7.7. Specifying Clauses Following Special Verbs

16 Object Clauses

16.1. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF OBJECT CLAUSES.

16.2. OBJECT CLAUSES FOLLOWING omuchȩl AND mo mȩrek.

Notes:

Includes index.

Bibliography: p. [547]

Description based on print version record.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

0-8248-7906-6

OCLC:

1053883872

Access Restriction:

Open Access Unrestricted online access