Nanotechnology, environmental health and safety : : risks, regulation and management / edited by Matthew Hull, Diana Bowman.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Hull.

Contributor:

Hull, Matthew, editor.

Bowman, Diana, 1979- editor.

Matthew.

Series:

Micro & nano technologies.

Micro and Nano Technologies

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Nanostructured materials industry--Safety regulations.

Nanostructured materials industry.

Nanotechnology--Risk assessment.

Nanotechnology.

Nanotechnology--Safety regulations.

Nanotechnology--Environmental aspects.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (463 p.)

Edition:

Second edition.

Place of Publication:

Oxford, [England] ; Waltham, [Massachusetts] : Elsevier, 2014.

Language Note:

English

System Details:

text file

Summary:

Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety, Second Edition focuses not only on the impact of nanotechnology and the discipline of nanotoxicity, but also explains each of these disciplines through in the context of management requirements and via risk scenarios — providing an overview of regulation, risk management, and exposure. Contributors thoroughly explain environmental health and safety (EHS) issues, financial implications, foreseeable risks (e.g., exposure, dose, hazards of nanomaterials), occupational hygiene, and consumer protection. Key new chapters have been included covering eco-toxicity, nanomedicine, informatics, and future threats. New case studies have also been added, including a chapter on the impact of nanosilver on the environment, as well as an assessment of how well lessons have been learned from the past, such as in the case of asbestos. The book also makes a business case for the importance of proactive EHS management - essential reading for existing or prospective producers of nanoscale products. Practical guidance on risk management and mitigation across different legislative frameworks worldwide Reviews toxicological studies and industrial initiatives, supported by numerous case studies Includes extensive new material on the implications of nanotechnology for medicine, energy and food, as well as assessing future threats.

Contents:

Front Cover

Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety

Copyright Page

Contents

Foreword

List of Contributors

1 PRECAUTION

1 Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety-What We've Learned and Where We're (Potentially) Heading

References

2 What Are the Warning Signs That We Should Be Looking For?

2.1 Early warning signs

2.2 Cautionary tales, but is anyone listening?

2.3 Two steps forward and one step back? Or one step forward and two steps back?

2.3.1 Lessons 1-3: Heed the "warnings"

2.3.2 Lessons 4 and 11: Reduce obstacles to action

2.3.3 Lessons 5 and 8: Stay in the real world

2.3.4 Lessons 6 and 9: Consider wider issues

2.3.5 Lesson 7: Evaluate alternative solutions

2.3.6 Lesson 10: Maintain regulatory independence

2.3.7 Lesson 12: Avoid paralysis by analysis

2.4 But have we done enough?

3 Are We Willing to Heed the Lessons of the Past? Nanomaterials and Australia's Asbestos Legacy

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Lessons of the past

3.3 Big problems with small materials

3.4 Controls and risk assessment

3.5 What needs to be done?

3.6 Answering the call for precaution?-SWA approach to ENMs post 2009

3.7 Emerging from the shadow: 2009 SWA report

3.8 A big shift: 2010-2012

3.9 A move toward higher levels of control

3.10 Conclusions

Acknowledgment

2 PROGRESS

4 Characterization of Nanomaterials for NanoEHS Studies

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Morphology

4.3 Chemical composition

4.4 Standard reference materials and method standards

4.5 Incidental nanoparticles and nanoparticle cycles under relevant conditions

4.6 Advanced measurement techniques

4.7 Routine analysis

4.8 Reporting recommendations

4.9 Conclusions

References.

5 Toxicological Issues to Consider When Evaluating the Safety of Consumer Products Containing Nanomaterials

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Types of consumer products that contain nanomaterials

5.3 Life cycle exposure to nanomaterials in consumer products

5.3.1 Occupational exposure to nanomaterials

5.3.2 Consumer exposure to nanomaterials

5.3.3 Environmental exposure

5.4 Nanotoxicology

5.5 Safety evaluations of consumer products containing nanomaterials

5.6 Characterizing nanomaterials for toxicological evaluation

5.6.1 TEM and SEM

5.6.2 Energy dispersive spectroscopy

5.6.3 Atomic force microscopy

5.6.4 Electron diffraction

5.6.5 X-ray diffraction

5.6.6 Inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy

5.6.7 X-ray fluorescence

5.6.8 Dynamic light scattering

5.6.9 Nanoparticle tracking analysis

5.6.10 Field-flow fractionation

5.6.11 Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET)

5.6.12 Raman and other spectroscopies

5.6.13 Summary of characterizing nanomaterials for toxicological studies

5.7 Recommendations for companies developing nano-containing consumer products

5.8 Conclusion

6 Nanomaterials Ecotoxicology: A Case Study with Nanosilver

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Importance of comprehensive assessment of in-use applications

6.2.1 Incorporation into applications

6.3 General ecotoxicology

6.3.1 Toxicity

6.3.2 Bioaccumulation

6.3.3 Mechanism/mode of toxicity (MoA)

6.4 Environmental modifying factors

6.5 Dosimetry considerations

6.5.1 Mass standard

6.5.2 Particle size and shape

6.5.3 Particle number and number density

6.5.4 Total surface area

6.5.5 Dissolved fraction and kinetics

6.5.6 Corrected molar concentrations

6.5.7 Covariance between metrics and dose-response visualizations

6.6 Ecotoxicology related to modeled environmental concentrations.

6.7 Conclusions and applicability of nanosilver to general nanotoxicology

7 A Nanomaterial Registry

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Mission

7.1.2 Overview of the current Registry tool

7.2 Registry concepts

7.2.1 Data content: MIANs

7.2.2 Data content: IOC

7.2.3 Data quality: compliance to the MIAN

7.3 Data curation

7.3.1 Example of data curation: assigning IOCs

7.3.2 Example of data curation: PCC data

7.4 Leveraging initiatives in nanotechnology

7.5 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

8 Nanoinformatics: Data-Driven Materials Design for Health and Environmental Needs

8.1 Overview

8.2 Introduction-the information challenge

8.3 Quantifying information complexity in nanoscience

8.4 Harnessing nanoinformatics: case studies

8.4.1 Data-driven design of nanoparticles: attribute selection methods

8.4.2 A data science framework for exploring beyond physics: mapping the property landscape with limited information

8.5 Big data for nanotechnology policy

3 PERSPECTIVES

9 A Case Study of a Nanoscale-Research Facility: Safety Through Design and Operation

9.1 The BNC facility

9.2 Safety considerations

9.3 Designing in safety

9.4 Identification of hazard potentials in the BNC

9.5 Designing in safety-key examples

9.6 Gas hazard mitigation design

9.7 Summary

10 Commercialization of Cellulose Nanocrystal (NCC™) Production: A Business Case Focusing on the Importance of Proactive EH ...

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Regulatory framework in Canada

10.3 Physical-chemical characterization of NCC™

10.3.1 Characterization of NCC™ in aqueous solutions

10.3.2 Characterization of spray-dried NCC™

10.4 Ecotoxicological and toxicological test results for NCC™

10.5 Occupational and environmental testing at the NCC™ demonstration plant.

10.5.1 Testing of spray-dried NCC™ in the laboratory

10.5.2 Testing for potential occupational exposure to NCC™ at the CelluForce demonstration plant

10.5.3 Fate of NCC™ released to the effluent treatment system

10.6 Conclusions

11 Nanotechnology Risk Management: An Insurance Industry Perspective

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Risk management strategies

11.2.1 Risk avoidance

11.2.2 Risk mitigation

11.2.3 Risk retention (self-insurance)

11.2.4 Risk transfer (insurance)

11.3 Which strategy to choose?

11.3.1 The role of insurance

11.3.2 Relationship between insurance and innovation

11.4 Insurance exposure and tools for risk management

11.4.1 Product liability

11.4.2 Environmental liability

11.4.3 Selecting the "Best" nanotechnology risk management option: MCDA as a tool

11.5 Potential risk management and regulatory issues for nanomaterials

11.6 Likely insurance scenarios

11.6.1 Stage I: The early study phase

11.6.2 Stage II: The fear phase

11.6.3 Stage III: The mature phase

11.7 Conclusions

12 A Nanotechnology Legal Framework

12.1 Nano-product legal life cycle

12.1.1 Supply stage

12.1.2 Manufacturing stage

12.1.3 Intermediate use stage

12.1.4 Consumer stage

12.1.5 Disposal stage

12.2 Legal issues

12.2.1 Intellectual property

12.2.2 Workplace and occupational liability

12.2.3 Worker's compensation

12.2.4 Intentional workplace torts

12.2.5 Commercial and contractual liability

12.2.6 Government regulation

12.2.7 Product and tort liability in the US

12.2.8 Product and tort liability in the EU

12.3 Conclusion

13 Two Steps Forward, One Step Back: Shaping the Nanotechnologies Landscape Through Regulatory Choice

13.1 Shaping behavior through regulation: subtle and not so subtle approaches.

13.1.1 State-based regulation

13.1.2 Civil-based regulation

13.1.3 Co-regulation

13.2 Key lessons and recommendations of regulatory reviews to date

13.3 Multilateral and multiparty initiatives: the story so far

13.4 Moving forward amidst uncertainty

4 SUSTAINABILITY

14 Exploring Boundaries Around the Safe Use of Advanced Materials: A Prospective Product-Based Case Studies Approach

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Defining advanced materials

14.3 Advanced material risks and safe use-a prospective product-based case study approach

14.4 Testing the prospective product case study methodology-an example using a hypothetical dynamic food product label

14.5 A prospective product case study-a graphene-based dynamic labels for food products

14.5.1 Product description

14.5.2 Material generation

14.5.3 Intermediary production

14.5.4 Final production

14.5.5 Product storage and transportation

14.5.6 Product use

14.5.7 Product disposal

14.5.8 Exposure potential

14.5.9 Risk red flags

14.5.10 Summary

14.6 Utility of the prospective product case study methodology

15 Nanomaterial Governance, Planetary Health, and the Sustainocene Transition

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Nanotechnology safety in global context

15.3 Regulatory uncertainty and nano-sunscreens

15.4 Regulatory uncertainty and nanosilver

15.5 Paths to greater nanoregulatory certainty

15.6 Reorienting global regulation so nanotechnology assists the Sustainocene

15.7 Reorienting the scientific quest toward nanotechnology's role with the Sustainocene

15.8 Rethinking the ethics of corporate globalization

15.9 Reorienting international law to nanotechnology's role with the Sustainocene

15.10 The moral culmination of nanoregulation in globalized artificial photosynthesis.

References.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed June 28, 2014).

ISBN:

9781455731909

1455731900

OCLC:

884584966