Essentials of molecular biology

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Malathi, V., Author.

Series:

Always learning.

Always Learning

Language:

English

Physical Description:

1 online resource (1 v.) : ill.

Edition:

1st edition

Other Title:

Molecular biology

Place of Publication:

[Place of publication not identified] Pearson 2012

Language Note:

English

System Details:

text file

Summary:

Molecular Biology provides an introduction to the concepts of molecular biology in strict adherence to the UGC curriculum for undergraduate students of biochemistry, microbiology, biotechnology, bioinformatics, botany and zoology offered by all Indian universities. Replete with vivid illustrations, the book probes the recent developments in epigenetics, drug discovery, genomics proteomics, prions and oncology. Exhaustive coverage of the fundamentals of molecular biology as well as comprehensive review questions and multiple-choice questions make this book a perfect text for classroom.

Contents:

Cover

Contents

Preface

Acknowledgements

Chapter 1: Nucleic Acids

Introduction

DNA and RNA as Genetic Materials DNA

DNA

RNA

Structure of Nucleic Acids

The Chemical Nature of DNA and RNA

Keto-Enol Tautomerism of the Nitrogenous Bases

Nucleosides

Pyrimidines Exist Entirely in the Anti Conformation

Chargaff Rule

Nucleotides

The Primary Structure of DNA

Watson and Crick Model of DNA - Secondary Structure of DNA

The DNA Grooves

DNA Conformations

Triple Stranded DNA

Cruciforms or Holliday Junction

Tertiary Structure

Properties of the DNA

Physical Properties of the DNA

Chemical Stability of Nucleic Acids

DNA Topology

Linking, Twisting and Writhing

Topoisomerases

Types of RNA

Types of DNA

The Chromosomal DNA

The Autosomal DNA

Y-DNA

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)

Chloroplast DNA

Plasmid DNA

DNA as Vehicle of Inheritance

Griffith Transformation

Oswald Avery, Colin Mac Leod and Maclyn McCarty Experiment

Disadvantages of the Experiment

Hershey and Chase Experiment

Summary

Review Questions

References

Chapter 2: Gene Organization

Genes

Non-coding DNA

Repetitive DNA Sequences

Satellite DNAs

Cot Value - Renaturation Kinetics of DNA

Chromatin

Chromosomes

Prokaryotic Gene Organization

Gene Organizationin Eukaryotes

Chapter 3: DNA Replication

Chemistry of DNA Synthesis

Modes of DNA Replication

Semi-Conservative Mode of Replication/Meselson and Stahl Experiment

Enzymes of Replication

Prokaryotic DNA Polymerases

Eukaryotic DNA Polymerases

Helicases

Primases

Single-Strand Binding Proteins

Ligases

Models of Replication

Replication

Rolling Circle Replication.

Bacteriophage X174 Replicates by Rolling Circle Replication

D-loop Replication

Prokaryotic Replication

Origin of Replication

Initiation of DNA Replication

Fidelity of DNA Replication

Eukaryotic Replication

Cell Cycle Control of DNA Replication

Eukaryotic Replication Origins

Elongation

Licensing of DNA Replication

Termination of Replication

Telomeres and Telomerases

Inhibitors of Replication

Inhibitors of Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Inhibitors of Purine Biosynthesis

Analogues of Purine and Pyrimidine Bases

Inhibitors of Folate Synthesis

Inhibitors of Deoxynucleotide Synthesis

Catabolite Analogs

Inhibitors that Modify DNA

Inhibitors that Affects Enzyme of Replication

Chapter 4: Transcription

Differences Between Replication and Transcription

Chemistry of Transcription

RNA Polymerase of Prokaryotes

The Sigma Subunit

Promoters

Promoter Types

Prokaryotic Transcription

Binding of RNA Polymerase

DNA Foot Printing

Transcriptional Events

Termination

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

RNA Polymerase-I

RNA Polymerase-II

RNA Polymerase-III

Template-independent RNA Polymerases

Mechanism of Action of RNA Pol-II

Transcriptional Events of Eukaryotic RNA

Class-I Transcriptional Units

Class-II Transcription Units

Class-III Transcriptional Unit

Transcription of tRNA Gene

Transcription of 5S rRNA Gene

Post-Transcriptional Modifications

m RNA Processing

RNA Editing

RNA Editing of apoB mRNA

Processing of rRNA

Processing of tRNA

Inhibitors of RNA Metabolism

Inhibitors Acting by Binding to DNA

Inhibitors Acting by Bindingto RNA Polymerase

Inhibitors Acting by Bindingto Growing RNA Chain

Reverse Transcription.

Reverse Transcriptase

Steps Involved in Reverse Transcription

Chapter 5: Translation

Genetic Code

Codons

Deciphering the Genetic Code

Nirenberg and Khorana Experiment

Characteristic Features of the Genetic Code

The Mitochondrial Genetic Code

Wobble Hypothesis

Codon-anticodon Interactions

Ribosome Structure

Prokaryotic Ribosome-70S Ribosome

Self-assembly of Ribosomes

Eukaryotic Ribosome-80S Ribosome

Protein Synthesis in Prokaryotes

Protein Synthesis in Eukaryotes

Post-Translational Modifications

Chapter 6: Protein Sorting

Signal Sequences

Translocation of Secretory Proteins Across the ER

The Signal Sequences of Secretory Proteins to ER

The Signal Recognition Particle

SRP Receptor

Translocation into the ER Lumen

Insertion of Proteins into the ER Membrane

GPI-anchored Proteins

Protein Modifications in the ER

Protein Glycosylation

Disulphide Bond Formation

The Role of N-linked Glycosylation in ER Protein Folding

Protein Targeting to Mitochondria and Chloroplast

Transport of Proteins to Mitochondria

Transport of Proteins to Chloroplast

Protein Targeting to the Nucleus

Nuclear Localization Signals

Transport of Proteins into the Nucleus

Transport of Proteins Out of the Nucleus

Transport and Sorting of Proteins to the Golgi Apparatus

Transport of Proteins to the Lysosomes

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and Sorting of Internalized Proteins

Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis

Streptomycin

Puromycin

Diphtheria Toxin

Ricin

Chapter 7: Gene Regulation

Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

Induction and Repression.

Types of Operons

Lac Operon

The Lactose Operon

The Repressor

The Operator

The structural Genes

Regulation of Lactose Operon

Negative Regulation of Lactose Operon

Catabolite Repression

Positive Regulation of Lac Operon

Positive Regulation by cAMP

Gratuitous Inducers

Tryptophan Operon and Attenuation

Structural Genes

Regulatory Gene

Operator

Co-repressor

Attenuation

Regulation of Eukaryotic Gene Expression

Regulation of the Chromatin Structure

Chromatin Remodelling

Nucleosome-Remodelling Factors

Histone Modifications

DNA Methylation

Regulation of Gene Expression at Transcription Level

Cis-Acting Regulatory Sequences: Promoters and Enhancers

Transcriptional Regulatory Proteins

Eukaryotic Repressors

RNA Interference

MicroRNAs (miRNAs)

The DNA-Binding Domains of the Regulatory Proteins Involved in Transcriptional Control

Regulatory Proteins also have Protein-Protein Interaction Domain

Leucine Zipper

HLH Domain

Regulation of Gene Expression by Hormone Action

At the Level of Post-transcriptional Modification

By Controlling the Stability of mRNA Molecule

At Translational Level

At Post-translational Level

By Hormone Action

Chapter 8: Gene Mutation and DNA Repair

Types of DNA Damages

Endogenous DNA Damages

Exogenous DNA Damages

DNA Damages and Mutations

Mutations and Types

Classification of Mutations

Physical and Chemical Mutagens

Chemical Mutagens

Physical Mutagens

Biological Agents of Mutation

Test for Mutagenicity

Chromosomal Aberrations

Chromosomal Numerical Changes

Polyploidy

Repair of DNA

Direct Repair Systems

Excision Repair Systems

Base Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Mismatch Repair.

Recombination Repair

SOS Repair/Error-Prone Repair

Oncogenes

Chapter 9: Recombinant DNA Technology

DNA Isolation and Sequencing

Tools of Recombinant DNA Technology

Restriction Endonucleases

Types of Restriction Endonucleases

Nomenclature of Restriction Endonuclease

Type II Restriction Endonucleases

Producing rDNA by Sticky-End Ligation

Producing rDNA by Blunt-End Ligation

Homopolymer Tailing

Other Enzymes Used in rDNA Technology

S1 Nuclease

DNA Pol-I, Klenow Fragment

Alkaline Phosphatase

Reverse Transcriptase

Deoxyribonuclease I (DNAse I)

Cloning Vectors

Types of Cloning Vectors

Cosmid Vectors

Shuttle Vectors

Yeast Episomal Plasmids

YAC Vectors

Vectors for Plants

Genes of Ti Plasmid and their Function

Nucleic Acid Hybridization and Probes

Nick Translation

End Labelling or End Filling

Non-radioactive Labelling

Fluorescein Labelling

Enzyme Labels

Advantages of non-radioactive Labels

In Situ Hybridization

Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH)

Molecular Cloning

Preparation of Vector DNA

Preparation of Target DNA

Construction of rDNA

Transport into the Host Cell (Transfection)

Selection of Transformed Cells

Construction of C-DNA and Genomic Libraries

Genomic Library

Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology

In Pharmaceutical Industry

Construction of Industrially Important Bacteria

Chapter 10: Epigenetics

Heterochromatin and Histone Interactions

Telomeric Silencing

Polycomb and Trithorax

CpG Islands

Genomic Imprinting

Epigenetic Effects and Inheritance

The Epigenetic Inheritance of X Chromosomes

Prions

References.

Chapter 11: Genomics and Proteomics.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.

ISBN:

9788131798607

8131798607

OCLC:

1024264849