Heat transfer in aerospace applications / Bengt Sundén, Juan Fu.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Sundén, Bengt, author.

Fu, Juan, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Heat--Transmission.

Heat.

Aerospace engineering.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (274 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st edition

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, [Netherlands] : Academic Press, 2017.

System Details:

text file

Summary:

Heat Transfer in Aerospace Applications is the first book to provide an overall description of various heat transfer issues of relevance for aerospace applications. The book contains chapters relating to convection cooling, heat pipes, ablation, heat transfer at high velocity, low pressure and microgravity, aircraft heat exchangers, fuel cells, and cryogenic cooling systems. Chapters specific to low density heat transfer (4) and microgravity heat transfer (9) are newer subjects which have not been previously covered. The book takes a basic engineering approach by including correlations and examples that an engineer needs during the initial phases of vehicle design or to quickly analyze and solve a specific problem. Designed for mechanical, chemical, and aerospace engineers in research institutes, companies, and consulting firms, this book is an invaluable resource for the latest on aerospace heat transfer engineering and research. Provides an overall description of heat transfer issues of relevance for aerospace applications Discusses why thermal problems arise and introduces the various heat transfer modes Helps solve the problem of selecting and calculating the cooling system, the heat exchanger, and heat protection Features a collection of problems in which the methods presented in the book can be used to solve these problems

Contents:

Front Cover

HEAT TRANSFER IN AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS

Copyright

CONTENTS

PREFACE

NOMENCLATURE

1 - Introduction

1.1 HEAT TRANSFER IN GENERAL

1.2 SPECIFICS FOR AEROSPACE HEAT TRANSFER

1.2.1 Thermal Management

1.2.2 Cryogenic Matters

1.2.3 Low-Density Heat Transfer

1.2.4 Gravity Effects

1.2.5 Heat Pipes

1.2.6 Auxiliary Equipment

1.2.6.1 Heat Exchangers

1.2.6.2 Fuel Cells

1.2.7 Miscellaneous Topics and SBLI

REFERENCES

2 - Ablation

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 AN ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE OF ABLATION

2.3 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

3 - Aerodynamic Heating: Heat Transfer at High Speeds

3.1 INTRODUCTION

3.2 HIGH VELOCITY FLOW ALONG A FLAT PLATE

3.3 CALCULATION OF THE HEAT TRANSFER

3.4 TURBULENT FLOW

3.5 INFLUENCE OF THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES

3.6 TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN THE BOUNDARY LAYER

3.7 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE

3.8 AN ENGINEERING EXAMPLE OF A THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.8.1 Thermal Analysis

3.8.2 Finite Element Analysis of Heat Transfer

3.8.3 Thermal Results

3.9 AERODYNAMIC HEAT REDUCTION

FURTHER READING

4 - Low-Density Heat Transfer: Rarefied Gas Heat Transfer

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 KINETIC THEORY OF GASES

4.3 FLOW REGIMES FOR RAREFIED GASES

4.4 METHODS OF ANALYSIS

4.5 INTERACTION BETWEEN GAS AND SURFACE

4.6 HEAT TRANSFER AT HIGH VELOCITIES

4.7 SLIP FLOW REGIME

4.7.1 Heat Conduction in Rarefied Gases

4.7.1.1 Parallel Plates

4.7.2 Example: Cylinder in Crossflow

4.7.3 Sphere

4.7.4 Flat Plate: Tangential Flow

4.8 TRANSITION REGIME

4.9 FREE MOLECULAR FLOW REGIME: THE KNUDSEN FLOW

4.10 EXAMPLE: LOW-DENSITY HEAT TRANSFER

4.11 EXAMPLE: HEAT TRANSFER IN AN EVACUATED SPACE

4.12 MICROCHANNEL APPLICATIONS.

4.12.1 The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method

5 - Cryogenics

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 KAPITZA RESISTANCE

5.2.1 Kapitza Number

5.3 CRYOGENIC TANKS

5.4 ANALYSIS OF PRESSURIZATION AND THERMAL STRATIFICATION IN AN LH2 TANK

5.4.1 Mathematical Model

5.4.2 Thermal Environment

5.4.3 Numerical Solution Procedure

5.4.4 Results

5.5 CRYOGENIC HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS

5.6 HYDROGEN IN AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS

6 - Aerospace Heat Exchangers

6.1 INTRODUCTION

6.2 APPLICATIONS OF AEROSPACE HEAT EXCHANGERS

6.2.1 Gas Turbine Cycles

6.2.2 Environmental Control System

6.2.3 Thermal Management

6.3 GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR AEROSPACE HEAT EXCHANGERS

6.4 PLATE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGERS

6.5 PRINTED CIRCUIT HEAT EXCHANGERS

6.6 MICRO HEAT EXCHANGERS

6.7 OTHER AEROSPACE HEAT EXCHANGERS

6.7.1 Primary Surface Heat Exchangers

6.7.2 Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger

6.7.3 Heat Exchangers Using New Materials

6.7.3.1 Foam Materials

6.7.3.2 Ceramic Materials

6.8 SUMMARY

7 - Heat Pipes for Aerospace Application

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF HEAT PIPES

7.3 CAPILLARY LIMITATION

7.3.1 Capillary Pressure

7.3.2 Normal Hydrostatic Pressure Drop

7.3.3 Axial Hydrostatic Pressure Drop

7.3.4 Liquid Pressure Drop

7.3.5 Vapor Pressure Drop

7.4 OTHER LIMITATIONS

7.4.1 Viscous Limitation

7.4.2 Sonic Limitation

7.4.3 Entrainment Limitation

7.4.4 Boiling Limitation

7.5 DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING CONSIDERATIONS FOR HEAT PIPES

7.5.1 Selection of Working Fluid

7.5.2 Importance of the Wicking Structures

7.5.3 Compatibility of Materials

7.5.4 Sizes and Shapes of Heat Pipes

7.5.5 Reliability and Lifetime Tests

7.6 VARIOUS TYPES OF HEAT PIPES

7.6.1 Heat Pipes with Variable Conductance

7.6.2 Rotating Heat Pipes.

7.6.3 Cryogenic Heat Pipes

7.6.4 Vapor Chamber

7.6.5 Loop Heat Pipes

7.6.6 Micro Heat Pipes

7.6.7 Nanofluids in Heat Pipe Applications

7.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS AND SUMMARY

8 - Fuel Cells

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 TYPES OF FUEL CELLS

8.2.1 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells or Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (PEFCs)

8.2.2 Alkaline Fuel Cells

8.2.3 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFCs)

8.2.4 Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

8.2.5 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs)

8.2.6 Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)

8.2.7 Reversible Fuel Cells

8.2.8 Proton Ceramic Fuel Cells

8.3 BASIC TRANSPORT PROCESSES AND OPERATION OF A FUEL CELL

8.3.1 Electrochemical Kinetics

8.3.2 Heat and Mass Transfer

8.3.3 Charge and Water Transport

8.4 AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS

9 - Microgravity Heat Transfer

9.1 INTRODUCTION

9.2 SOLIDIFICATION IN MICROGRAVITY

9.3 GRAVITY EFFECTS ON SINGLE-PHASE CONVECTION

9.4 CONDENSATION UNDER MICROGRAVITY

9.5 BOILING/EVAPORATION IN MICROGRAVITY

9.6 MICROGRAVITY EFFECTS IN CRYOGENIC TANKS

9.6.1 Results

10 - Computational Methods for the Investigations of Heat Transfer Phenomena in Aerospace Applications

10.1 INTRODUCTION

10.2 GOVERNING EQUATIONS

10.3 NUMERICAL METHODS TO SOLVE THE GOVERNING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

10.3.1 The Finite Volume Method

10.3.1.1 Convection-Diffusion Schemes

10.3.1.2 Source Term

10.3.1.3 Solution of the Discretized Equations

10.3.1.4 The Pressure in the Momentum Equations

10.3.1.5 Procedures for Solution of the Momentum Equations

10.3.1.6 Convergence

10.3.1.7 Number of Grid Points and Control Volumes

10.3.1.8 Complex Geometries

10.4 THE CFD APPROACH

10.4.1 Turbulence Models

10.4.2 Wall Effects

10.4.3 CFD Codes

10.5 TOPICS NOT TREATED

10.6 EXAMPLES.

10.6.1 Chemical Nonequilibrium Turbulent Flow in a Scramjet Nozzle

10.6.1.1 Some Results

10.6.2 Shock Wave-Boundary Layer Interactions

10.7 CONCLUSIONS

11 - Measuring Techniques

11.1 INTRODUCTION

11.2 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

11.3 FLOW MEASUREMENT

11.3.1 Typical Flow Meters

11.3.2 Two-Phase Flow Measurements

11.3.3 Microscale Fluid Flow Measurement

11.4 LIQUID MASS GAUGING IN MICROGRAVITY

11.4.1 Review

11.4.2 Compression of Mass Gauging

11.4.2.1 Description of Ground Experiments

11.4.2.1.1 Experimental Apparatus

11.4.2.1.2 Experimental Procedures

11.4.2.2 Test Results and Discussion

11.4.2.2.1 Normal Tests

11.4.2.2.2 Attitude Disturbance Tests

11.4.2.2.3 Heat Transfer Tests

11.4.3 Summary and Concluding Remarks

1: Governing Equations for Momentum, Mass, and Energy Transport

A1.1 CONTINUITY EQUATION (MASS CONSERVATION EQUATION)

A1.2 THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS

A1.2.1 The Stress Tensor σij

A1.2.2 The Navier-Stokes Equations for Two-Dimensional and Incompressible Flows

A1.2.3 Derivation of the Complete Temperature Field Equation

A1.2.3.1 Determination of ΔE˙

A1.2.3.2 Determination of the Heat Transfer Rate Q˙

A1.2.3.3 Determination of the Work Rate W˙

A1.2.3.3.1 The Energy Equation in its Primary Form

A1.2.3.3.2 Rewriting the Energy Equation

A1.3 THE BOUNDARY LAYER FORM OF THE TEMPERATURE FIELD EQUATION

A1.4 BOUNDARY LAYER EQUATIONS FOR THE LAMINAR CASE

A1.5 DIMENSIONLESS GROUPS AND RULES OF SIMILARITY

2: Dimensionless Numbers of Relevance in Aerospace Heat Transfer

Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Back Cover.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed November 3, 2016).

ISBN:

9780128097618

0128097612

OCLC:

967513908