Communications for control in cyber physical systems : theory, design and applications in smart grids / Husheng Li.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Li, Husheng, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Cooperating objects (Computer systems)--Automatic control.

Cooperating objects (Computer systems).

Smart power grids.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (312 pages) : illustrations, graphs, tables

Edition:

First edition.

Place of Publication:

Cambridge, Massachusetts : Morgan Kaufmann, 2016.

System Details:

text file

Summary:

Communications and Controls in Cyber Physical Systems: Theory, Design and Applications in Smart Grids provides readers with all they need to know about cyber physical systems (CPSs), such as smart grids, which have attracted intensive studies in recent years. Communications and controls are of key importance for maintaining and stabilizing the operation of the physical dynamics in these complicated systems. This book presents a systematic treatment on the communication and control aspects of CPSs, along with applications to the smart grid in four parts, including the basics of CPS, communications and controls, an explanation of the integration with CPS, coverage of controls with information constraints in CPS, and an applications oriented focus on smart grids as a CPS. Drawing upon years of practical experience and using numerous examples and illustrations, the authors’ discuss key communication and controls design methods that can be integrated into a CPS, how communication and control schemes can be applied in practical systems such as smart grids, new directions and approaches for traditional engineers and researchers in communications, and controls and power systems as they relates to CPSs. Presents a systematic treatment on the communication and control aspects of cyber physical systems (CPSs) Discusses key communication and controls design methods that can be integrated into a CPS Demonstrates how communication and control schemes can be applied in practical systems such as smart grids Includes new directions and approaches for traditional engineers and researchers in communications, controls, and power systems as they relate to CPSs

Contents:

Front Cover

Communications for Control in Cyber Physical Systems: Theory, Design and Applications in Smart Grids

Copyright

Dedication

Contents

Biography

Preface

Chapter 1: Introduction to cyber physical systems

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Elements of a CPS

Dynamics of CPS

Linear time-invariant systems

Observation model

Feedback control

1.2.1 Communications for CPSs: Theoretical Studies

Communication requirements

Impact of communications on control

Communication design

1.2.2 Communications for CPS: Industrial Systems

1.3 What is included and what is missing

1.3.1 Content

1.3.2 Missing Topics

Chapter 2: Basics of communications

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Information Measures

2.2.1 Shannon Entropy

2.2.2 Mutual Information

2.3 Communication channels

2.3.1 Typical Channels

2.3.2 Mathematical Model of Channels

2.3.3 Channel Capacity

2.4 Source Coding

2.4.1 Lossless Source Coding

2.4.2 Lossy Source Coding

2.5 Modulation and coding

2.5.1 Channel Coding

Error detection coding

Error correction coding

2.5.2 Modulation

2.6 Networking

2.6.1 Graph Representation

2.6.2 Layered Structure

2.6.3 Cross-Layer Design

2.6.4 MAC Layer

Multiple access schemes

Scheduling

2.6.5 Network Layer

2.6.6 Transport Layer

2.7 Typical communication systems

2.7.1 Wired Networks

2.7.2 Wireless Networks

2.8 Conclusions

Chapter 3: Basics of control

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Modeling of controlled dynamical systems

3.2.1 Continuous-Time Case

Dynamics evolution

3.2.2 Discrete-Time Case

3.2.3 Discrete or Hybrid Dynamical Systems

3.3 Observability and controllability

3.3.1 Observability

3.3.2 Controllability.

3.4 Optimal control

3.4.1 LQR Control

3.4.2 LQG Control

3.5 Conclusions

Chapter 4: Typical cyber physical systems

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Power networks

4.2.1 Physical Dynamics

4.2.2 Protection

4.2.3 Smart Metering

4.2.4 Communication Systems in Industrial Control and Smart Grids

4.3 Robotic networks

4.3.1 Physical Dynamics

Deterministic model

Probabilistic model

4.3.2 Communications and Control

4.3.3 Coordination of Robots

Rendezvous

Connectivity maintenance

4.4 Conclusions

Chapter 5: Communication capacity requirements

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Methodologies and Contexts

5.1.2 Basic Models

5.2 Deterministic System: Stability

5.2.1 Topological Entropy

Spanning orbit-based definition

Separated orbit-based definition

Cover-based definition

Equivalence

5.2.2 Communication Capacity Requirements

System model

Communication requirements for estimation

Communication requirements for linear system control

Communication requirements for optimal control

5.2.3 Calculation of Topological Entropy

Linear systems

Generic systems

5.3 Stochastic Systems: Estimation

5.3.1 System Model

5.3.2 Separation

5.3.3 Sequential Estimation

Gauss-Markov source

Noiseless digital channel

5.4 Stochastic Systems: Stability

5.4.1 System Model

5.4.2 Inadequacy of Channel Capacity

5.4.3 Anytime Capacity

Necessity

Sufficiency

Encoding procedure

5.5 Stochastic Systems: Reduction of Shannon Entropy

5.5.1 Cybernetics Argument

Law of requisite variety

Shannon entropy in discrete-value dynamics

Shannon entropy in continuous-value dynamics

Controller design based on entropy

Criticisms on entropy-based control

5.5.2 Does Practical Control Really Reduce Entropy?.

Analytical results of entropy reduction

5.5.3 Discrete-State CPS: Entropy and Communications

Entropy reduction in one time slot

Entropy change in the long term

5.5.4 Continuous-State CPS: Entropy and Communications

Traditional Bode's law

Entropy reduction and Bode's law

Communication requirement

5.6 Networked Stochastic Systems

5.6.1 System Model of Networked CPS

Physical dynamics

Communication network

5.6.2 Entropy Propagation in CPS

Motivating example

Entropy propagation with perfect communications

Interdependency of entropy and communications

5.6.3 Joint Evolution of Communication and Entropy

5.6.4 Continuous Space Limit

Consensus dynamics

Space condensation

Diffusion of uncertainty

5.7 Control Communication Complexity

5.7.1 System Model

5.7.2 Control Communication Complexity

Communication complexity

Control communication complexity

5.8 Control and Information in Physics

5.8.1 Entropy and Control in Physics

Second law of thermodynamics

Maxwell's demon

Szilard engine

5.8.2 Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics of Feedback Control

Fluctuation theorem

Fluctuation theorem for feedback control

Nonequilibrium equalities for feedback control

Nonequilibrium equalities with efficacy

5.9 Conclusions

Chapter 6: Network topology design

6.1 Introduction

6.2 WDM networks and design constraints

6.2.1 WDM Networks

6.2.2 Design Constraints

6.2.3 Optimization Procedure

Tabu search

GDAP algorithm

6.3 Optimization based on topology design

6.3.1 Objective Function

Eigenvalue-based objective function

Physical dynamics cost-based objective function

Sum cost of control- and communication-based objective function.

Synchronization-based objective function

6.3.2 Optimization of Topology

Greedy algorithm

Relaxed optimization

Decomposition-based optimization

Structure-based optimization

6.4 Team decision theory

6.4.1 Team Decision Theory

Values of multiple information structures

Information structures in networks

6.4.2 Team Decision Theory in Optimal Control

State teams

Dynamic teams

6.5 Conclusions

Chapter 7: Communication network operation for CPSs

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Main Challenges

7.1.2 Main Approaches

7.2 Hybrid system modeling for CPSs

7.2.1 Hybrid Systems

Linear switching system

Control of linear switching systems

7.2.2 Hybrid System Model of a CPS

Communication mode

Relationship between communication and dynamics modes

7.3 Optimization of scheduling policy

7.3.1 Fundamental Challenges

7.3.2 Mode Provisioning

Generic procedure

Illustration by examples

7.3.3 Mode Scheduling

Centralized mode scheduling

Distributed scheduling

7.4 Scheduling: other approaches

7.4.1 Optimization-Based Scheduling

Communication constraints

7.4.2 Effective Information-Based Scheduling

Delay-tolerant Kalman filtering

Definition of virtual queues

Information bits

7.5 Routing

7.5.1 Estimation Oriented Routing

Encoder and decoder

Evolution of covariance

7.5.2 System Dynamics-Aware Multicast Routing

Single mode routing

Multiple routing modes

7.6 Conclusions

Chapter 8: Physical layer design

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1 Modulation

8.1.2 Coding

Source coding

Channel coding

8.2 Adaptive modulation

8.2.1 System Model

Communication channel.

8.2.2 Impact of Modulation on System Dynamics

Impact of communication delay

Impact of delay and packet loss

Markovian jump process

8.2.3 Hybrid System Modeling

SPAAM

SSAAM

8.3 Source coding in a CPS: point-to-point case

8.3.1 System Model

8.3.2 Structure of Causal Coders

Sliding block causal coders

Block causal coders

Block stationary coders

Finite-state causal coders

Rate distortion

8.3.3 Finite-State Transceiver

Transceiver structure

Major problem and conclusions

8.3.4 Channel Feedback

8.3.5 Sequential Quantization

Vector quantizer

Equivalent control problem

Dynamic programming

8.4 Source coding in a CPS: distributed case

8.4.1 Distributed Coding in Traditional Communications

8.4.2 System Model

8.4.3 Distortion and Quantization

Distortion

Lattice-based quantization

8.4.4 Coding Procedure

Slepian-Wolf coding

Coloring-based coding

8.4.5 Adaptation to Physical Dynamics

Prediction

Range adaptation

8.5 Physical dynamics-aware channel decoding

8.5.1 Motivation

8.5.2 System Model

8.5.3 Joint Decoding

A brief introduction to Pearl's BP

Iterative decoding

8.6 Control-oriented channel coding

8.6.1 Trajectory Codes

Concept of trajectory codes

Construction of trajectory codes

8.6.2 Anytime Channel Codes

Anytime reliability

Linear tree codes

Maximum likelihood decoding

Code construction

8.6.3 Convolutional LDPC for Control

8.7 Channel coding for interactive communication in computing

8.7.1 System Model

8.7.2 Tree Codes

Construction of potent tree codes

Explicit construction of tree codes

8.7.3 Protocol Simulation

8.7.4 Performance Analysis

8.8 Conclusions

Bibliography

Index

Back Cover.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9780128019641

0128019646

OCLC:

957279025