Structural cross sections : analysis and design / Naveed Anwar, Fawad Ahmed Najam.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Anwar, Naveed, author.

Najam, Fawad Ahmed, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Structural engineering.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (610 pages) : illustrations

Edition:

1st edition

Place of Publication:

Oxford, [England] ; Cambridge, Massachusetts : Butterworth-Heinemann, 2017.

System Details:

text file

Summary:

Structural Cross Sections: Analysis and Design provides valuable information on this key subject covering almost all aspects including theoretical formulation, practical analysis and design computations, various considerations and issues related to cross-sectional behavior, and computer applications for determination of cross-sectional response. The presented approach can handle all complex shapes, material behaviors and configurations. The book starts with a clear and rigorous overview of role of cross-sections and their behavior in overall structural design process. Basic aspects of structural mechanics are reviewed and procedures to determine basic cross-sectional properties, stress and strain distributions, stress resultants and other response parameters, are provided. A brief discussion about the role of material behavior in cross-sectional response is also included. The unified and integrated approach to determine axial-flexural capacity of cross-sections is utilized in development of P-M and M-M interaction diagrams of cross-sections of various shapes. The behavior and design of cross-sections subjected to shear and torsion is also included with emphasis on reinforced concrete sections. Several detailed flow charts are included to demonstrate the procedures used in ACI, BS and Euro codes for design of cross-section subjected to shear and torsion, followed by solved examples. The book also presents the discussion about various factors that can lead to ductile response of cross-sections, especially those made of reinforced concrete. The definition and development of action-deformation curves especially moment-curvature (-) curve is discussed extensively. Various factors such as confinement, rebar distribution and axial load effect on the ductility are shown through examples. The use of moment-curvature curve to compute various section response parameters is also explained though equations and examples. Several typical techniques and materials for retrofitting of cross-sections of reinforced concrete beams, columns and slabs etc. are reviewed. A brief discussion of various informative references related to the evaluation and retrofitting of structures is included for practical applications. Towards the end, the book provides an overview of various software applications available for cross-section design and analysis. A framework for the development of a general-purpose cross-section analysis software, is presented and various features of f...

Contents:

Front Cover

Structural Cross-Sections

Copyright Page

Dedication

Contents

About the Authors

Preface

Acknowledgments

One. Structures and Structural Design

The Hierarchy of Structures and Their Components

Physical Structures

Cable Structures: Using Cables as the Main Member Type

Skeletal Structures: Using Beam-Type Members

Spatial Structures: Using the Membrane/Plate/Shell-Type Members

Solid Structures: Using the Solid-Type Members

Mixed Structures: Using One or More of the Basic Element Types

Structural Members

Member Cross-Sections

The Structural Materials

Designing the Structures

The Design Objectives and Philosophy-A Historical Overview

The Role of Building Codes

Historical Development

Disaster Resilience and Environmental Sustainability in Building Codes

Typical Structural Design Process

Analysis and Design Levels

Traditional Approaches to Structural Design

Working Stress Design

Ultimate Strength Design

Limit State Design Concept

Shortcomings of Traditional Building Codes

From Force-Based to Displacement-Based Design

The Performance-Based Design

The Building Blocks of Structural Mechanics

Basic Concepts and Relationships

The Concept of Stiffness

The Structural Equilibrium and Role of Stiffness

The Nonlinearity of Response and Stiffness

The Concept of Degree of Freedom (DOF)

Member Cross-Sections and the DOFs

DOFs, Deformations, Strains, and Stresses

Stress Resultants and DOFs

Linear, Elastic Stiffness Relationships

Deformations for Applied Actions: Flexibility Relationships

Restraining Actions for Assumed Deformations

The Member Stiffness and Cross-Sectional Properties

Cross-Sectional Analysis and Design

The Significance of Cross-Sections in Design Process

Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Axial-Flexural Response

Shear and Torsion Response

Ductility of Cross-Sections

Cross-Sectional Design

References

Further Reading

Two. Understanding Cross-Sections

Introduction

Definition of Cross-Sections

Significance of Cross-Sections

Developing an Integrated Understanding

Applications and Classification of Cross-Sections

Overview

Classifications Based on Types of Structural Members

Classifications Based on Geometry

Classifications Based on "Compressed Zone"

Slender Sections

Compact Sections

Plastic Sections

Classifications Based on Material Composition

Classifications Based on Method of Construction

Definition and Representation

Defining Geometry

The standard Cross-Sections

The Parametrically Defined Simple Sections

The Built-Up and Composite Sections

Complex and Arbitrary Shapes

Defining Materials

Why Material Behavior is Important?

Basic Properties of Materials

Directional Behavior-Based Classification of Materials

Is it Easy to Determine and Define Material Properties?

Brittle and Ductile Materials

Classification Based on Stress-Strain Behavior

Generalized Stress-Strain Curves

Idealized Stress-Strain Curves for Steel

Idealized Stress-Strain Curves for Unconfined Concrete

Cross-Section Properties-An Overview

Difference Between Geometric and Cross-Sectional Properties

Role of Cross-Section Properties in Section Stiffness

Classification of Cross-Sectional Properties

Reference Axis

The Global Axes

The Local Member Axes

The Cross-Section Coordinate Axes

Basic Cross-Section Properties

Computation of Section Properties

The Modular Ratio

Definition

Significance

Mathematical Computation

Cross-Section Area

Mathematical Computation.

Moments of Area and Moments of Inertia

Shear Areas

Torsional and Warping Properties

Torsional Constant for Thin-Walled Open Shapes

The Torsional Constant

The Warping Constant

The General Torsional Equations

Finite Element Solution for Torsional Constant

Plastic Section Moduli

Mathematical computation

Derived Cross-Section Properties

The Geometric, Elastic, Plastic, and Shear Centers

Definitions

Elastic Section Moduli

Radii of Gyration

Principal Properties

Specific Properties of RC Sections

Equivalent Transformed Properties

Cracked Properties

Specific Properties of Steel Sections

Net Area and Effective Net Area

Width-to-Thickness Ratio

Height-to-Web Thickness Ratio

Numerical Computations of Section Properties

Overview-The Point, Polyline, and Polygon Method

Accuracy of the Polygon and Polyline Methods

Using Meshing to Compute Properties

Meshing of Sections Made Up from Polygon Shapes

Meshing of a Single Polygon

Merging of Shapes

Solved Examples

Cross-Sectional Area and Bearing Area

Given

Solution

Result

Specific Length

Result.

Properties of a Transformed Section

Results

First and Second Moment of Areas

Principal Axes, Moment of Inertia, and Radius of Gyration

Torsional Constant

Angle of Twist and Allowable Torque

Solution (a)

Solution (b)

Maximum Bending Stress

Shear Center of a Section

Effect of Cross-Sectional Shape on Moment of Inertia

Unsolved Examples

Symbols and Notation

Three. Axial-Flexual Response of Cross-Sections

Cross-Section Response

Actions, Stresses, Stress Resultants, and Capacity

External Actions and Internal Stresses

Combined Axial Stress-The Basic Equation

The Usefulness and Applicability of the Combined Stress Equation

The Combined Stress Ratio for Axial Stress

Interaction of Stresses Due to Axial Load and Moment

Principal Stresses and the Mohr's Circle

The Basic Concept

Significance of Principal Stresses in RC Beam Design

Axial-Flexural Stress Resultants

The Diversity of the Problem and the Need for Unified Approach

The Unification of Cross-Section Materials

The Unification of Cross-Section Shapes and Configurations

The Unification of Line-Type Structural Members

The Unification of Design Approaches and Design Codes

The General Stress Resultant Equations

The Basic Assumptions, Their Necessity, and Validity

The Basic Stress Resultant Equations-Simple Formulation

Integrating Design Codes

The Generalized Cross-Section and Materials

Extended Formulation of Stress Resultant Equations

Determination of Stress Field

Generation of Stress Profile.

Determination of Strain Distribution

Computing the BIAXIAL-FEXURAL Stress Resultants

Determining the Strain Profile

What Strain Profile to Use?

The Concept of Neutral Axis

Where Is the Neutral Axis?

The Practical Strain Distribution

Determination of Stress From Strain

Discretization of Cross-Section and Stress Field

Computation of Final Stress Resultants

The Use of General Stress Resultant Equations

The Capacity Interaction Surface

Generation of the Interaction Surface

Simplified Procedure

Extended Procedure

Visualization and Interpretation

The Moment-Moment Interaction Curve

The Load-Moment (PM) Interaction Curves

Capacity Reduction Factors

Effect of Material Strengths and Section Depth on P-M Interaction of RC Sections

Biaxial-Flexural Capacity

The Definition of Biaxial Bending

The Applied Eccentricity Vector

The Applied Moment Vector

The Resultant Moment Vector

Computing Cross-Section Capacity Ratio

Code-Based Design for Flexure

Direct and Shear Stress on a Rotated Element

Principal Axes and Principal Stresses

Neutral Axis of the Sections

P-M Interaction Curve

The Demand-to-Capacity (D/C) Ratio

Effect of Reinforcement Ratio on PM Interaction Curves

Effect of Yield Strength on PM Interaction Curves

Symbols and Notations

Four. Response and Design for Shear and Torsion

Basic Elastic Response

Shear Stresses

Shear Stress Due to Shear Force.

Shear Stress Due to Torsion.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed November 18, 2016).

OCLC:

967776437