Advances in concentrating solar thermal research and technology / edited by Manuel Blanco, Lourdes Ramirez Santigosa.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Blanco, Manuel, author.

Contributor:

Ramirez Santigosa, Lourdes, editor.

Blanco, Manuel J., editor.

Series:

Woodhead Publishing in energy.

Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Renewable energy sources.

Environmental engineering.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (496 pages) : illustrations, tables.

Edition:

1st edition

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, [Netherlands] : Woodhead Publishing, 2017.

System Details:

text file

Summary:

After decades of research and development, concentrating solar thermal (CST) power plants (also known as concentrating solar power (CSP) and as Solar Thermal Electricity or STE systems) are now starting to be widely commercialized. Indeed, the IEA predicts that by 2050, with sufficient support over ten percent of global electricity could be produced by concentrating solar thermal power plants. However, CSP plants are just but one of the many possible applications of CST systems. Advances in Concentrating Solar Thermal Research and Technology provides detailed information on the latest advances in CST systems research and technology. It promotes a deep understanding of the challenges the different CST technologies are confronted with, of the research that is taking place worldwide to address those challenges, and of the impact that the innovation that this research is fostering could have on the emergence of new CST components and concepts. It is anticipated that these developments will substantially increase the cost-competitiveness of commercial CST solutions and reshape the technological landscape of both CST technologies and the CST industry. After an introductory chapter, the next three parts of the book focus on key CST plant components, from mirrors and receivers to thermal storage. The final two parts of the book address operation and control and innovative CST system concepts. Contains authoritative reviews of CST research taking place around the world Discusses the impact this research is fostering on the emergence of new CST components and concepts that will substantially increase the cost-competitiveness of CST power Covers both major CST plant components and system-wide issues

Contents:

Front Cover

Advances in Concentrating Solar Thermal Research and Technology

Related titles

Copyright

Contents

List of contributors

Editors' biographies

Acknowledgment

1 - Introduction

1 - Introduction to concentrating solar thermal (CST) technologies

1.1 The sun as an energy source

1.2 Defining characteristics of CST technologies

1.3 Thermal efficiency and the need for concentration

1.4 Limits of concentration

1.5 Optimum operating temperature to maximize light-to-work conversion efficiency

1.6 Main commercially available solar concentrating technologies

1.6.1 Line focus solar concentrators

1.6.1.1 Parabolic trough

1.6.1.2 Linear Fresnel

1.6.2 Point-focus solar concentrators

1.6.2.1 Parabolic dish

1.6.2.2 Heliostat field-central receiver

1.7 Industry and market trends

1.7.1 Solar thermal electricity

1.7.2 Industrial process heat

1.7.3 Solar chemistry and material processing

1.8 Research priorities, strategies, and trends

References

2 - Advances in the collection and concentration of sunlight

2 - Advanced mirror concepts for concentrating solar thermal systems

Nomenclature

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Anti-soiling coatings

2.3 High-reflective mirror materials

2.4 High-temperature mirrors for secondary concentrators

2.5 Low-cost mirrors based on stainless steel

2.6 Conclusions

3 - Improved design for linear Fresnel reflector systems

3.1 Introduction (motivation)1

3.1.1 Low energy cost

3.1.2 Concentration

3.1.3 Etendue

3.1.4 CAP Concentration acceptance product [7]

3.1.5 Summary: one recipe for low-cost energy delivery

3.2 Advanced linear Fresnel reflector concentrators

3.2.1 Conventional LFR

3.2.2 Advanced concepts.

3.2.2.1 "Etendue" conservation

3.2.2.2 Toward maximal concentration

3.3 Conclusion

3 - Advances in the thermal conversion of concentrated sunlight

4 - A new generation of absorber tubes for concentrating solar thermal (CST) systems

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Glass cover

4.2.1 Glass composition

4.2.2 AR coating

4.3 Steel tube

4.3.1 Steel composition and durability

4.3.2 Selective absorber

4.4 Vacuum maintenance

4.4.1 Glass to metal seal

4.4.2 Getters

4.4.3 Hydrogen-permeable membranes

4.4.4 Low partial pressure inert gases

4.4.5 Re-evacuable pipes

4.5 Bellows

4.6 Conclusion

5 - Innovative working fluids for parabolic trough collectors

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Direct steam generation

5.2.1 Advantages and disadvantages of the DSG process versus thermal oil

5.2.2 Thermo-hydraulic aspects

5.2.3 State of the art of direct steam generation in parabolic trough collectors

5.3 Molten salts

5.3.1 Thermo-hydraulic aspects

5.3.2 State of the art of molten salt as heat transfer fluid in parabolic trough collectors

5.4 Compressed gases

5.4.1 Thermo-hydraulic aspects

5.4.2 State of the art of pressurized gases as heat transfer fluids in parabolic trough collectors

5.5 Conclusions

6 - A new generation of solid particle and other high-performance receiver designs for concentrating solar thermal (CST) ce ...

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 Background

6.1.2 Technical challenges and requirements

6.1.3 Overview of chapter and introduction to next-generation receivers

6.2 Particle receivers1

6.2.1 Direct particle heating receivers

6.2.1.1 Free-falling particle receivers

6.2.1.2 Obstructed particle receivers

6.2.1.3 Rotating kiln/centrifugal receivers

6.2.1.4 Fluidized particle receivers.

6.2.2 Indirect particle heating receivers

6.2.2.1 Gravity-driven particle flow-through enclosures

6.2.2.2 Fluidized particle flow-through tubes

6.2.3 Summary of particle receiver technologies

6.3 Other high-performance receiver designs

6.3.1 Light-trapping receiver designs

6.3.1.1 Surface features

6.3.1.2 Spiky receiver

6.3.1.3 Bladed geometries

6.3.1.4 Fractal-like geometries

6.3.2 Air curtains

6.4 Summary and conclusions

Acknowledgments

7 - Next generation of liquid metal and other high-performance receiver designs for concentrating solar thermal (CST) central tower

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Thermophysical properties of liquid metals

7.3 Liquid metals in central receiver systems

7.3.1 Experience in central receiver systems

7.3.2 The CRS-SSPS project of the International Energy Agency

7.3.3 Other projects with liquid metals in solar receivers

7.4 Innovative power conversion cycles with liquid metals as heat transfer fluid

7.5 Conclusions and outlook

4 - Advances in the power block and thermal storage systems

8 - Supercritical CO2 and other advanced power cycles for concentrating solar thermal (CST) systems

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Stand-alone cycles

8.2.1 Steam Rankine cycles

8.2.2 Gas Brayton cycles

8.2.2.1 Air Brayton cycle

8.2.2.2 Helium Brayton cycle

8.2.2.3 Supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycles

Simple cycle

Recompression cycle

Partial cooling cycle

8.2.3 Comparison of the presented cycles

8.3 Combined cycles

8.3.1 Organic Rankine cycle

8.3.2 Supercritical organic Rankine cycle

8.3.3 Absorption power cycles

8.3.3.1 Kalina cycle

8.3.3.2 Goswami cycle

8.4 Summary and conclusions

9 - Advances in dry cooling for concentrating solar thermal (CST) power plants

9.1 Introduction.

9.2 Current cooling technologies for concentrating solar thermal power plants

9.2.1 Wet cooling towers

9.2.2 Dry cooling towers

9.3 Air-cooled heat exchanger and cooling tower sizing

9.3.1 Thermohydraulics of air-cooled heat exchanger

9.3.2 Mechanical draft cooling tower

9.3.3 Natural draft cooling tower

9.4 Advances in dry cooling technologies for concentrating solar thermal power plants

9.4.1 Solar hybrid natural draft dry cooling tower

9.4.2 Water hybrid cooling

9.4.2.1 Inlet air precooling with wet media

9.4.2.2 Inlet air precooling with nozzle spray

9.4.3 Windbreak wall hybrid natural draft dry cooling tower

9.4.3.1 CFD modeling

9.4.3.2 Experimental study

9.4.4 Advances in tower structure

9.5 Conclusions

10 - High-temperature latent heat storage for concentrating solar thermal (CST) systems

10.1 General introduction

10.2 Introduction to latent heat storage

10.3 General challenges for concentrating solar thermal latent heat storage systems

10.3.1 Phase change material selection

10.3.2 Corrosion and containment compatibility

10.3.3 Latent heat storage sizing for a concentrating solar thermal power plant

10.3.4 Understanding charge/discharge characteristics

10.3.5 Exergetic efficiency

10.4 Latent heat storage configurations for concentrating solar thermal applications

10.4.1 Tank phase change material latent heat storage

10.4.1.1 Finned tubes

10.4.1.2 Heat pipe/thermosyphons

10.4.1.3 Particles and metal structures

10.4.1.4 Metal foams

10.4.2 Encapsulated phase change material latent heat storage

10.4.3 Heat transfer comparison between the tank phase change material latent heat storage-based and encapsulated phase change materialebased latent heat.

10.4.4 System integration of latent heat storage with concentrating solar thermal power plants

10.4.5 Large-scale demonstrations

10.5 Summary

11 - Thermochemical energy storage for concentrating solar thermal (CST) systems

11.1 Introduction to thermochemical energy storage

11.1.1 Energy and exergy analysis for thermochemical energy storage systems

11.1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of thermochemical energy storage for CST systems

11.2 General challenges for CST thermochemical storage systems

11.2.1 Particle sintering

11.2.2 Catalyst poisoning

11.2.3 Side reactions

11.3 Power plant and chemical plant

11.3.1 Corrosion

11.3.2 High-temperature containment stability

11.3.3 Difficulties matching optimal rate of reaction with needs of power production

11.3.4 Lack of history of operational systems

11.4 Le Châtelier's principle and thermochemical energy storage

11.4.1 Metal oxides

11.4.2 Nonmetal oxides

11.4.3 Carbonation

11.4.4 Synthesis reactions

11.4.5 Metal hydrides

11.5 Conclusions

12 - Thermal energy storage concepts for direct steam generation (DSG) solar plants

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Overview on direct steam generation solar plants

12.3 Basic considerations on thermal energy storage

12.3.1 Thermodynamics considerations

12.3.2 Relevant materials with thermal storage capabilities

12.3.2.1 Liquid materials

12.3.2.2 Solid materials

12.3.2.3 Phase change materials

12.3.3 Technical aspects in the design of thermal energy storage systems

12.4 Integration of thermal energy storage systems in direct steam generation solar plants

12.4.1 Operation of thermal energy storage in direct steam generation solar plants

12.4.2 Thermal energy storage systems based on sensible heat storage

12.4.2.1 Steam accumulators.

12.4.2.2 Two-tank molten salts thermal energy storage system.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed Novermber 23, 2016).

OCLC:

967513895