Electronic measurements and instrumentation / K. Lal Kishore.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Lal Kishore, K.

Series:

Always learning.

Always Learning

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Electronic measurements.

Electronic instruments.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (1 v.) : ill.

Edition:

1st edition

Place of Publication:

New Delhi, India : Pearson, 2009.

System Details:

text file

Summary:

Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation provides a comprehensive blend of the theoretical and practical aspects of electronic measurements and instrumentation. It provides a comprehensive coverage of each topic in the syllabus with a special fo

Contents:

Cover

Brief Contents

Contents

Foreword

Preface

Acknowledgements

About the Author

Chapter 1: Measurements and Instruments

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Terminology

1.2.1 Advantages of Instrumentation Systems

1.2.2 Block Schematics of Measuring Systems

1.2.3 Other Systems

1.2.4 Objectives of Measurement

1.2.5 Comparison between Analog and Digital Instruments

1.2.6 Factors for the Selection of Analog and Digital Equipments

1.3 Performance Characteristics

1.3.1 Definitions

1.4 Significant Figures

1.5 Dynamic Characteristics

1.6 Types of Errors

1.6.1 Gross Errors

1.6.2 Systematic Errors

1.6.3 Random Errors

1.7 Statistical Analysis

1.7.1 Probability of Errors and Gaussian Curve

1.8 Measurement Standards

1.9 Suspension Galvanometer

1.10 D'Arsonval Movement

1.10.1 Taut-Band Suspension

1.10.2 Temperature Compensation

1.10.3 Shunt Resistor

1.10.4 Ayrton Shunt

1.11 Direct Current Meters

1.12 D'Arsonval Meter Movement Used in DC Voltmeters

1.12.1 Ammeter Loading Effect

1.13 DC Voltmeters

1.13.1 Multirange Voltmeter

1.14 Ohmmeter

1.14.1 Series-Type Ohmmeter

1.14.2 Shunt-Type Ohmmeter

1.14.3 D'Arsonval Meter Movement Used in Ohmmeter

1.14.4 Multiple Range Ohmmeters

1.14.5 Electrolyte Capacitor Leakage Tests

1.14.6 For Non-Electrolyte Capacitors

1.15 Multimeter

1.16 Alternating Current-Indicating Instruments

1.16.1 Electrodynamometer

1.17 Rectifier-Type Instruments

1.18 Meter Protection

1.19 Extension of Range

1.20 Frequency Compensation

1.21 Electronic Voltmeter (for DC)

1.22 Electronic Voltmeter (for AC)

1.22.1 Average Reading Voltmeter

1.22.2 Peak Reading Voltmeter

1.22.3 Peak-To-Peak Detector

1.23 DC Meter with Amplifier

1.24 Chopper-Stabilised Amplifier

1.25 AC Voltmeter using Rectifiers.

1.26 True RMS-Responding Voltmeter

1.27 Balanced Bridge Voltmeter (VTVM)

1.27.1 Advantages

1.27.2 Disadvantages

1.28 Transistor Voltmeter (TVM)

1.29 Electronic Multimeter

1.29.1 Resistance Ranges

1.30 AC Current Measurement

1.30.1 Differential Voltmeter

1.31 Differential Amplifier

1.32 Alternating Current Instruments (AC Meters)

1.32.1 D'Arsonval Meter Movement for AC Circuit

1.32.2 Modified Circuit for AC Measurements

1.32.3 D'Arsonval Meter Movement Circuit (FWR)

1.33 Electrodynamometer Movement

1.33.1 Transfer Instruments

1.33.2 Iron Vane-Meter Movement

1.34 Thermocouple Meter

1.34.1 Constant Voltage Source

1.34.2 Constant Current Source

1.34.3 Volt Box

1.34.4 Factors to be Considered in the Selection of an Analog Voltmeter

1.35 Digital Voltmeters

1.35.1 General Specifications

1.36 Ramp-Type DVM

1.37 Staircase Ramp-Type DVM

1.38 Dual Slope Integrating-Type DVM

1.39 Successive-Approximation Conversion (SAC)

1.39.1 Block Schematic

1.40 Continuous Balance-Type DVM

1.41 Automatic Polarity Indication for DVM

1.42 Autoranging for DVM

1.42.1 Typical Case

1.43 3 3 4 Digit Display

1.44 Picoammeter

1.44.1 Applications

1.45 Low-Current Ammeter Applications

1.45.1 Wafer-Level Photodiode Testing

1.45.2 Monitoring and Control of Focused Ion Beam Currents

1.46 High-Resistance Measurements

1.47 Summary

Points to Remember

Objective-type Questions

Review Questions

Unsolved Problems

Chapter 2: Waveform Generators

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Considerations in Choosing an Oscillator or Signal Generator

2.3 Sine Wave Generator

2.4 Oscillator Circuit

2.5 Attenuator

2.6 Frequency-Synthesised Signal Generator

2.7 Sweep-Frequency Generator

2.8 Pulse and Square Wave Generator

2.9 Function Generator.

2.10 Arbitrary Waveform Generator

2.10.1 Applications

2.11 Video Signal Generator

2.12 Summary

Chapter 3: Signal Analysers

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Wave Analyser

3.3 AF Wave Analyser

3.4 High-Frequency Wave Analyser

3.4.1 Frequency Mixers

3.5 Harmonic Distortion

3.5.1 Tunable Selective Circuit

3.5.2 Disadvantages

3.5.3 Heterodyne Wave Analyser (Wavemeter)

3.5.4 Fundamental Suppression Method of Distortion Measurement

3.6 Heterodyne Wave Analyser

3.6.1 Applications of Wave Analysers

3.7 Tuned Circuit Harmonic Analyser

3.8 Heterodyne Harmonic Analyser or Wavemeter

3.9 Fundamental Suppression Harmonic Distortion Analyser

3.10 Spectrum Analyser

3.10.1 Characteristics of a Spectrum Analyser

3.10.2 Applications of a Spectrum Analyser

3.10.3 Basic Spectrum Analyser

3.10.4 Factors to be Considered in a Spectrum Analyser

3.11 Low-Frequency Spectrum Analyser

3.11.1 Applications

3.12 Power Analyser

3.12.1 Communications Signal Analyser

3.12.2 Logic Analysers

3.12.3 Network Monitoring System

3.12.4 System Architecture

3.12.5 Features

3.12.6 Applications

3.13 Capacitance-Voltage Analysers

3.14 Oscillators

3.14.1 Considerations in Choosing an Oscillator

3.15 Summary

Chapter 4: Oscilloscopes

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Cathode Ray Oscilloscope

4.3 Block Diagram of a CRO

4.4 Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)

4.5 Graticules

4.6 Electrostatic Deflection Sensitivity

4.6.1 Design Criteria

4.7 Different Controls in a CRO

4.7.1 How to Operate a CRO

4.8 Time Base Generators

4.8.1 Time Base Circuits

4.9 Triggered Mode

4.9.1 Free-Running Mode.

4.9.2 Synchronisation of the Sweep Circuit

4.9.3 Types of CROS

4.9.4 Sections of CRTs

4.9.5 Deflection Sensitivity Equation

4.10 Neon Time Base Circuit

4.10.1 Frequency of Neon Time Base

4.10.2 Neon Lamp

4.10.3 Free-Running Mode of CRO

4.10.4 Using CRO in Triggered Mode

4.10.5 Automode of Sweep

4.10.6 Normal Mode

4.11 Time Base Circuit for a General-Purpose CRO

4.11.1 Synchronisation Issues

4.11.2 Line Synchronisation

4.12 Lissajous Figures

4.13 Types of CRO Probes

4.13.1 Direct Probe

4.13.2 High-Impedance Probe

4.13.3 Detector Probe

4.13.4 High-Voltage Probe

4.14 High-Frequency CRO Considerations

4.15 Delay Lines in CROs

4.15.1 Lumped Parameter Delay Line

4.15.2 Distributed Parameter Delay Line

4.16 Applications of CRO

4.17 Summary

Chapter 5: Special Types of CROs

5.1 Special Types of Oscilloscopes

5.2 Dual Beam CRO

5.3 Dual Trace CRO

5.4 Sampling Oscilloscope

5.4.1 Sampling Oscilloscopes - Vertical and Time Base

5.4.2 Sampling Vertical

5.4.3 Sampling Time Base

5.5 Storage Oscilloscopes

5.5.1 Mesh Storage

5.5.2 Variable Persistence

5.5.3 Phosphor Storage

5.5.4 Phosphor Characteristics

5.5.5 Persistence of Phosphor Materials

5.5.6 CRO Subsystems

5.6 Digital Storage CRO

5.6.1 CRO Probes

5.7 Frequency/Period-Timer/Counter Circuit

5.8 Frequency Measurement

5.9 Period Measurement

5.9.1 Advantages

5.10 Errors in Frequency/Period Measurements

5.10.1 Errors Because of Crystal Stability

5.11 Universal Counters

5.12 Extending the Range of Frequency Counters

5.13 Glossary

5.14 The ABC's of Oscilloscopes

5.15 Summary

Unsolved Problems.

Chapter 6: DC and AC Bridges

6.1 Introduction

6.2 DC Bridges

6.3 Wheatstone Bridge

6.3.1 Operation

6.3.2 Measurement Errors

6.3.3 Thevenin's Equivalent Circuit

6.4 Kelvin Bridge

6.4.1 Kelvin Double Bridge

6.4.2 Applications

6.5 Strain Gauge Bridge Circuit

6.6 AC Bridges

6.6.1 General Form of Bridge Circuit

6.7 Maxwell Bridge

6.7.1 Phasor Diagram for the Maxwell Bridge

6.8 Hay Bridge

6.8.1 Phasor Diagram for Hay Bridge

6.9 Schering Bridge

6.9.1 Phasor Diagram for a Schering Bridge

6.10 Wien Bridge

6.10.1 Phasor Diagram for the Wien Bridge

6.11 Anderson Bridge

6.12 Resonance Bridge

6.13 Similar Angle Bridge

6.14 Radio Frequency Bridge (Subtitution Technique)

6.15 Wagner's Ground Connection

6.16 Twin-T Null Network

6.17 Bridged-T Network

6.18 Detectors for AC Bridges

6.19 Phasor Diagrams

6.20 Recorders

6.20.1 Introduction

6.21 Strip-Chart Recorders

6.21.1 Galvanometric Recorders

6.21.2 Sensitivity

6.21.3 Transient Response

6.22 Pen-Driving Mechanism

6.23 Other Features

6.24 Servorecorders

6.25 Servobalancing Potentiometric Recorder

6.26 Characteristics of Typical Servorecorders

6.27 Oscillographic Recorders

6.28 Magnetic Tape Recorders

6.28.1 Direct AM Recording

6.28.2 Frequency Modulation Recording

6.29 Recorders (Contd.)

6.29.1 X-Y Recorders

6.29.2 Self-Balancing Potentiometers

6.29.3 Working of a Servotype Motor

6.29.4 Chopper

6.29.5 Servotype X-Y Recorders

6.29.6 Y-Scale

6.30 Galvonometer Oscillographs

6.30.1 Applications

6.31 Summary

Chapter 7: Transducers

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Examples

7.2 Classification of Transducers

7.3 Active and Passive Transducers.

7.3.1 Factors that Affect the Performance of a Transducer.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (Safari, viewed Mar. 18, 2013).

ISBN:

9788131775547

8131775542

9789332500792

9332500797

OCLC:

830532638