Transport and town planning : the city in search of sustainable development / Jean Laterrasse.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Laterrasse, Jean, author.

Series:

Science, society and new technologies series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

City planning.

Municipal engineering.

Sustainable urban development.

Transportation--Planning.

Transportation.

Physical Description:

xiii, 310 pages : illustrations, maps ; 25 cm.

Place of Publication:

London : ISTE Ltd ; Hoboken, NJ : John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019.

Summary:

"In a context where climate change urgently requires us to alter our paradigms, this book explores the possibilities of cities that are both more energy efficient and more respectful of the environment. Based on the observation that urban planning has been detrimentally affected by the compartmentalization of knowledge and practices, this book is conceived as a dialog between transport and urban planning on the one hand, and between engineering and social science on the other. Systemic analysis and a historical approach, integrating the teachings of the last two centuries, constitute at the methodological level the framework in which this dialog unfolds. Based on examples of good practice, Transport and Town Planning identifies an effective set of levers of action and proposes an original method to guide and accompany urban transition with a large share of the initiative reserved for the actors concerned."--Page 4 of cover.

Contents:

Chapter 1 City and Complexity: How to Untangle the Skein? p. 1

1.1 Systemic thinking and its historical context p. 1

1.2 The system approach p. 3

1.3 Analytical and systemic methods are complementary rather than opposed p. 4

1.4 Transdisciplinarity of the concept of system and presentation of a typology of complexity p. 5

1.5 The concept of variety p. 10

1.6 Keys to analyzing a system: functions and structures p. 12

1.6.1 The concept of function p. 13

1.6.2 The concept of structure p. 15

1.7 From description to analysts and action: the example of flowcharts p. 16

1.8 Concept of model and systemic modeling p. 19

1.9 An application of systemic analysis: study of the relationships between transport networks and territory p. 21

1.10 Action as a method of knowledge p. 25

Chapter 2 Town Planning and Urban Pattern: the Emergence of Circulatory Function p. 29

2.1 The first urban fabrics: two founding patterns p. 29

2.2 Advent of circulatory function p. 31

2.2.1 Powerful changes implemented p. 31

2.2.2 Cerdà, the theoretician p. 32

2.2.3 Haussmann, the realist p. 33

2.3 The effects of the mechanization of modes of transport p. 35

2.3.1 The linear city of Arturo Soria y Mata p. 36

2.3.2 Garden cities p. 37

2.4 Urban transport: a chaotic development p. 39

2.4.1 A public interest service p. 39

2.4.2 Mechanization p. 40

2.5 Advent of electric traction and its success following the construction of the Paris subway p. 41

2.5.1 The accident "founder" of the Couronnes station p. 42

2.5.2 The first wave of automation p. 43

2.5.3 The triptych of innovation: technologies, organization and professions p. 44

2.6 The tramway: from its disappearance in France to its rebirth p. 45

2.6.1 The development period p. 46

2.6.2 Decline of the tramway p. 47

2.6.3 The rebirth p. 49

2.7 The automobile city p. 50

2.7.1 Progressive town planning and the functional specification of spaces p. 50

2.7.2 The convergence between functional ism and naturalism p. 52

2.8 Towards the public transport city? p. 54

2.8.1 The "omnipresent automobile" in question p. 54

2.8.2 "Transport-oriented development" p. 55

2.8.3 The end of Utopias? p. 57

Chapter 3 Building of New Towns: an Attempt at Linking Transport Networks to Urban Planning p. 59

3.1 From imaginary new towns to their achievement p. 60

3.1.1 The initial project p. 60

3.1.2 A new territorial organization p. 65

3.1.3 The structuring role of big transportation infrastructures p. 66

3.1.4 A period rich in innovations p. 66

3.1.5 An undeniable success? p. 67

3.2 The case of Marne-la-Vallée p. 68

3.2.1 Marne-la-Vallée's entry into the regional space p. 68

3.2.2 The evolution of the overall administrative and institutional framework of new towns p. 72

3.2.3 The specific institutional organization of Marne-la-Vallée p. 74

3.3 A mixed report p. 77

3.3.1 Population growth stimulated by housing construction p. 77

3.3.2 Activities, employment and job/active population balance in new towns p. 80

3.3.3 The importance of areas reserved for activities p. 82

3.3.4 Employment location areas and source of active population p. 83

3.3.5 Internal circulation in Marne-la-Vallée new town - the most overlooked of urban planning p. 84

3.3.6 Motorization and servicing of the population by public transport p. 87

3.3.7 Gradual saturation of the main road network p. 88

3.3.8 What lessons can be drawn? p. 90

Chapter 4 Models and Definitions: Changing the Paradigm p. 93

4.1 The mobility model that was developed in France from the 1950s p. 95

4.1.1 Mobility and urban sprawl p. 96

4.1.2 Mobility and land market p. 98

4.1.3 Characteristics specific to France? p. 102

4.1.4 Planning "formatted" by the use of cars p. 104

4.2 A model whose coherence and sustainability are undermined p. 107

4.2.1 Lessons of the subprime crisis p. 110

4.2.2 Land rents create shortages p. 113

4.2.3 A system that aggravates socio-spatial disparities p. 115

4.2.4 The forms taken by urbanization in France present real advantages p. 116

4.3 Back to town planning p. 117

4.3.1 Two essential models p. 118

4.3.2 From models to concrete cities p. 121

4.3.3 Town planning as a coherent layout of places, functions, structures, representations and forms p. 123

Chapter 5 Good Practices and Levers of Action p. 125

5.1 Influence of urban metrics p. 125

5.1.1 Urban form: what is it all about? p. 125

5.1.2 Reflecting on real cities and choosing a systematic approach p. 129

5.2 Innovations and good practices p. 130

5.2.1 European cities p. 132

5.2.2 The North American case p. 146

5.3 Major levers of action p. 159

5.3.1 Land use planning and transport networks p. 160

5.3.2 Transport-specific measures p. 164

5.3.3 Tariff and regulatory measures p. 170

5.3.4 What should be expected of new technologies? p. 172

Chapter 6 What if the 21st Century was the Century of Suburbs? p. 177

6.1 French cities: undeniable progress but a long way to go p. 177

6.1.1 Legislative progress p. 178

6.1.2 Tangible results, but shortcomings and strong resistance p. 179

6.2 Suburbs: characteristics, challenges and future prospects p. 181

6.2.1 History and semantics of the suburb p. 182

6.2.2 The suburbs change dimension with the industrial revolution p. 183

6.2.3 From workers' houses to the construction of large complexes p. 184

6.2.4 Transport in difficulties p. 185

6.2.5 A real potential for sustainable urban development p. 189

6.3 A prospective reflection by 2050 p. 190

6.3.1 The context of the study p. 190

6.3.2 Assumptions adopted for establishing a "target scenario" p. 192

6.3.3 Method used for the simulation of the target scenario p. 193

6.3.4 Achieved results p. 196

6.3.5 Elements concerning the financial equation p. 197

6.4 Transport and town planning articulation at the local level: the case of the southern suburbs of Ile-de-France p. 198

6.4.1 The Trans Val-de-Marne p. 199

6.4.2 Setting up of the line 183 dedicated bus lane p. 202

6.5 Significance and diversity of local approaches p. 207

6.5.1 The municipalities that objected p. 208

6.5.2 Municipalities that might have wished to do better p. 211

6.5.3 Municipalities that succeeded in making dedicated lanes a lever for urban restructuring: the case of Vitry-sur-Seine p. 215

6.5.4 What lessons? p. 222

Chapter 7 Methods and Tools for Urban Transition p. 229

7.1 Urban transition and prospective p. 229

7.2 An iterative and interactive approach p. 231

7.3 Backcasting and forecasting approaches p. 233

7.4 Development of a conceptual framework for the assessment and monitoring of the transition process (backcasting approach) p. 235

7.4.1 Importance of territorial diagnosis p. 235

7.4.2 The establishment of a complete and coherent set of indicators p. 236

7.4.3 Advantages of the proposed conceptual framework p. 244

7.5 Assessment methods p. 245

7.5.1 Methods based on life cycle assessment (LCA) p. 245

7.5.2 Socio-economic methods p. 254

7.6 Transport models and the difficult question of demand forecast p. 263

7.6.1 Rebound phenomenon p. 263

7.6.2 Transport models p. 266

7.6.3 Land use models p. 270.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Other Format:

Electronic version: Laterrasse, Jean. Transport and town planning.

ISBN:

1786303299

9781786303295

OCLC:

1079413661