Politics and power in the Maghreb : Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco from independence to the Arab spring / Michael J. Willis.

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Willis, Michael, author.

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Algeria--Politics and government--1962-1990.

Algeria.

Algeria--Politics and government--1990-.

Tunisia--Politics and government--1956-1987.

Tunisia.

Tunisia--Politics and government--1987-2011.

Morocco--Politics and government--1961-1999.

Morocco.

Morocco--Politics and government--1999-.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (420 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Oxford, [England] ; New York, New York : Oxford University Press, 2014.

Language Note:

English

Summary:

The overthrow of the regime of President Ben Ali in Tunisia on 14 January 2011 took the world by surprise. The popular revolt in this small Arab country and the effect it had on the wider Arab world prompted questions as to why there had been so little awareness of it up until that point. It also revealed a more general lack of knowledge about the surrounding western part of the Arab world, or the Maghreb, which had long attracted a tiny fraction of the outside interest shown in the eastern Arab world of Egypt, the Levant and the Gulf. This book examines the politics of the three states of the central Maghreb--Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco--since their achievement of independence from European colonial rule in the 1950s and 1960s. It explains the political dynamics of the region by looking at the roles played by the military, political parties and Islamist movements and addresses factors such as Berber identity and economics, as well as how the states of the region interact with each other and with the wider world.

Contents:

Cover

Half-title

Title

Copyright

Contents

Note on Transliteration

Introduction

1. The Imprint of History

Early History: Berbers, Arabs and Islam

The Forging of a Maghrebi Identity: The Almoravids and Almohads

The Emergence of Differentiated Identities

The Ottoman Regencies and the Moroccan Exception

European Colonisation

Resistance, Nationalism and Independence

The Threshold of Independence

2. Post-Independence State-Building

The Struggle for Power

Tunisia: The Battle for the Neo-Destour

Morocco: the Triumph of the Monarchy

Algeria: From Ben Bella to Boumedienne

Ideology and Personality

Personal Power

Tunisia: Bourguiba as the System

Morocco: Institutionalising the Monarch

Algeria: The Failure of Ben Bella and the Ultimate Triumph of Boumedienne

Elite Manipulation and Control

Tunisia: Rotation and Replacement

Morocco: The King as Arbiter and Patron

Algeria: Factional Struggle

Political Structures

Tunisia: The 'Party State' and the 'Presidential Monarchy'

Algeria: Institution Building and the Constitutions of 1963 and 1976

Morocco: The Dominant Monarchy

State and Society: Popular Participation

Tunisia: Authoritarian Paternalism and the Mass Organisations

Algeria: Institutionalised Populism

Morocco: A Restive but Controlled Population

State Agenda and Policies

Tunisia: Modernisation

Algeria: Socialism

Morocco: Survival

Conclusion

3. The Military

Morocco: A Very Royal Army

Algeria: The ALN as Kingmaker

Tunisia: The Fear of Coup d'Etat

Algeria: The Ousting of Ben Bella and the Assertion of the ANP

Morocco: Failed Coups and their Aftermath

Turbulent Years: Tunisia and Algeria

Tunisia: The Rise of Ben Ali

Algeria: Chadli, the FIS and the Palace Coup of 1992

Consolidation: the 1990s and After

Tunisia.

Algeria: The Black Decade and the Rise of Bouteflika

Morocco: M6 and the Military

Tunisia: The Army, the People and the Revolution

4. Political Parties

The Single-Party Regimes

Tunisia: From Neo-Destour to PSD

Algeria: The Transition from Revolution

Morocco's Stop-Go Multi-partyism

The Move to Multi-partyism: Tunisia and Algeria

Tunisia: Staged Opening

Algeria: The Rush to Pluralism

The Reassertion of the State: Tunisia and Algeria

Ben Ali Űber Alles

Algeria: Crisis and Confrontation

Morocco's Alternance Experiment

The New Multi-partyism

Regime Control and Legitimation

The Perils of Control: Delegitimation, Disillusionment and Radicalisation

The Arab Spring of 2011

5. Islamist Movements

Islam and the State

Origins

Tunisia

Algeria

Morocco

Entering the Political Field

Tunisia: the MTI and An-Nahda

Algeria: The Emergence of the FIS

Repression and Resistance: The Contrasting Experiences of Algeria and Tunisia

Algeria's 'Black Decade'

The Destruction of An-Nahda

Morocco: The PJD and Al-Adl wal Ihsan

Algerian Islamism After the Black Decade

The Shadow of Al Qaeda

Islamism and the Arab Spring of 2011

Conclusions

6. The Berber Question

Historical Evolution

French Colonialism and the 'Berber Myth'

Nationalism and the Liberation Struggles

Independence

Algeria and Kabylia

Morocco: The Royal Alliance

Berberism in the 1990s: Concessions from the State

Berberism and the Multi-party Opening in Algeria

Morocco: Royal Concessions

The Regime Concedes: Algeria

The Challenge of Islamism

Kabylia 2001: The Berber Spring Revisited?

Morocco: New King, New Openings?

The Dilemmas of Nationalism, Regionalism and Particularism

Algeria: The Challenge to the National Agenda.

Morocco: A Berber State in Part or in Whole?

Trans and Pan-nationalism

Berbers in an Arab Spring?

7. Politics and Economics

Economic Policy in the Immediate Post-Independence Period

Tunisia: The Rise and Fall of Ahmed Ben Salah's Socialist Experiment

Morocco: Patronage and the Elites

Algeria: The Consensus on Socialism

Crisis and the Move to Reform

Reforming Without Liberalising? Economics and Politics from the 1990s

Tunisia: Controlling Liberalisation

Morocco: Co-opting Liberalisation

Algeria: Conflict, Hydrocarbons and Clientelism

The International Dimension

8. Regional Relations

The Colonial Period and its Aftermath

The War of the Sands

Rapprochement

Morocco's Claim on the Western Sahara

Spanish Withdrawal and the Green March

Algerian Opposition

Polisario and the SADR

Conflict in the Western Sahara

Regional Manoeuverings in the 1980s

The Creation of the Arab Maghreb Union

The Course and Decline of the AMU

Resolution Attempts in the Western Sahara

9. International Relations

The Transition from Colonial Rule: Ties with France

The Cold War

The Arab World and the Middle East

The Western Sahara Conflict

Peacemaking in the Middle East

Domestic Reform and the End of the Cold War

The Gulf War

International Reactions to the Rise of Islamism in Algeria and Tunisia and the Onset of the Algerian Crisis

Reactions in France

Reactions in the United States

Morocco, the United States and France

The Rise of EU Influence: Barcelona, the ENP and Beyond

The Impact of the Oslo Process

11 September 2001

The Rise of Spain

The Realignment of External Interests

The Tunisian Revolution: Putting the Maghreb Back on the International Map?

Notes

Select Bibliography

Index.

Notes:

Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

0-19-932774-2

0-19-025723-7

OCLC:

903975001