Complex plasmas and colloidal dispersions : particle-resolved studies of classical liquids and solids / Alexei Ivlev [and others].

Format:

Book

Author/Creator:

Ivlev, Alexei.

Contributor:

Emma Louise McClellan Fund.

Series:

Series in soft condensed matter ; v. 5.

Series in soft condensed matter ; vol. 5

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Dusty plasmas.

Colloids.

Physical Description:

xv, 320 pages : illustrations ; 23 cm.

Place of Publication:

Singapore ; Hackensack, NJ : World Scientific, [2012]

Summary:

Many fundamental issues in classical condensed matter physics can be addressed experimentally using systems of individually visible mesoscopic particles playing the role of "proxy atoms". The interaction between such "atoms" is determined by the properties of the surrounding medium and/or by external tuning. The best-known examples of such experimental model systems are two different dominas of soft matter - complex plasmas and colloidal dispersions.

The major goal of this book - written by scientists representing both complex plasmas and colloidal dispersions - is to bring the two fields together. In the first part of the book the basic properties of the two systems are summarized, demonstrating huge conceptual and methodological overlop of the fields and emphasizing numerous cross-connections between them and their essential complementarity. This "introductory part" should serve to help each community in understanding the other field better. Simulataneously, this provides the necessary basis for the second part focused on particle-resolved studies of diverse generic phenomena in liquids and solids - all performed with complex plasmas and/or colloidal dispersions. The book is concluded with the discussion of critical open issues and fascinating perspectives of such interdisciplinary research. Book jacket.

Contents:

2 Basic Properties of Complex Plasmas 9

2.1 Charging of Particles 9

2.1.1 Collection of electrons and ions in isotropic plasmas 10

2.1.2 Effect of an external electric field 14

2.1.3 Other mechanisms of charging 15

2.2 Interaction Between Microparticles 15

2.2.1 Electrostatic mechanisms in isotropic plasmas 15

2.2.2 Effect of an external electric field 18

2.2.3 Other mechanisms of interaction 20

2.3 Momentum Exchange Between Species 22

2.4 Major External Forces 24

3 Basic Properties of Colloidal Dispersions 29

3.1 One-Body Properties 30

3.1.1 Dynamics 30

3.1.2 Charging of colloids 32

3.2 Two-Body Properties: Pair Interactions and Stability 34

3.2.1 One-component approach and many-body effects 36

3.2.2 Non-acqueous solvents: weak charging, steric stabilization, and experimental hard spheres 37

3.2.3 Colloidal microgels 38

3.3 Interactions Between Different Species 39

3.4 Hydrodynamic Interactions 41

3.5 Major External Fields 43

3.5.1 Confinement 43

3.5.2 Gravity 44

3.5.3 DC electric fields 44

3.5.4 AC electric and magnetic fields 45

3.5.5 Optical fields 46

3.5.6 Shear 47

4 Complex Plasmas and Colloidal Dispersions: Similarity and Complementarity 49

4.1 Important Dimensionless Parameters 50

4.1.1 Complex plasmas 50

4.1.2 Colloidal dispersions 52

4.2 Dynamic Regimes: Role of the Background 53

4.2.1 Kinetics in the Newtonian and Brownian regimes 55

4.2.2 Crossover between the dynamic regimes 58

4.2.3 Influence of particles on surrounding fluid 63

4.3 Role of Nonconservative Interactions 64

4.3.1 Wake-mediated interactions 64

4.3.2 Hydrodynamic interactions 68

4.3.3 Variable charges 71

4.4 Summary 72

5 Overview of Experimental Methods 75

5.1 Complex Plasmas 75

5.1.1 RF discharges 75

5.1.2 DC discharges 83

5.1.3 Other types of complex plasmas 86

5.2 Colloidal Dispersions 87

5.2.1 Preparation of colloidal dispersions 88

5.2.2 Optical/confocal microscopy 89

5.3 Real Space Analysis 92

5.3.1 Spatial particle tracking 93

5.3.2 Tracking in time 94

5.3.3 Non-equilibrium systems 94

5.3.4 Recent developments 95

6 Simple Liquids 97

6.1 Liquid Structure 97

6.2 Liquid Dynamics 99

6.3 Liquid-Vapor Phase Transition 103

6.4 Summary 108

7 Liquid-Solid Phase Transitions 109

7.1 Equilibrium Phase Diagram 111

7.1.1 3D systems 111

7.1.2 2D systems 114

7.2 Liquid-Solid Interfaces and Kinetics of 3D Transitions 118

7.2.1 Liquid-solid interface in equilibrium 119

7.2.2 Homogeneous versus heterogeneous nucleation 120

7.2.3 Kinetics of phaselets 124

7.2.4 Grain-boundary melting 125

7.3 Kinetic Processes in 2D Crystals 126

7.3.1 Scaling laws of 2D crystallization 126

7.3.2 Dynamics of dislocations 131

7.4 Confined Systems 135

7.4.1 Crossover between 3D and 2D melting 135

7.4.2 Crystalline structures in slit confinement 137

7.4.3 Other types of confinement 144

7.5 Summary 146

8 Binary Mixtures 149

8.1 Static Liquid Structure 149

8.2 Crystallization 150

8.2.1 3D systems 151

8.2.2 2D systems 155

8.3 Fluid Demixing 162

8.3.1 Phase equilibrium 162

8.3.2 Demixing kinetics 165

8.3.3 Limitations of mean-field approach 169

8.3.4 Particle-resolved studies 170

8.4 Summary 176

9 Slow Dynamics 177

9.1 Principal Characteristics and Concepts 179

9.1.1 Supercooled liquids 179

9.1.2 Dynamic heterogeneity and dynamic length scales 181

9.1.3 Boson peaks 182

9.1.4 Glass transition and soft matter 183

9.2 Basic Theories of Liquid-to-Glass Transition 184

9.2.1 Adam-Gibbs theory 184

9.2.2 Random first-order/mosaic theory 185

9.2.3 Mode coupling theory 186

9.3 Real-Space Analysis of Supercooled Liquids 188

9.4 Real-Space Analysis of Gels 190

9.5 Local Structure and Dynamic Arrest 192

9.6 Aging of Glasses 195

9.7 Summary 196

10 Driven Systems 199

10.1 Stable Shear Flows 199

10.2 Rheology 203

10.2.1 Theoretical approaches 204

10.2.2 Comparison with experiments and simulations 208

10.3 Heat Transport 212

10.4 Sedimentation and Basic Hydrodynamic Instabilities 215

10.4.1 Sedimentation 215

10.4.2 Rayleigh-Taylor instability 218

10.4.3 Shear-induced instabilities 219

10.5 Non-Equilibrium Phase Transitions 223

10.5.1 Laning 223

10.5.2 Banding 233

10.6 Motion of Particles in Channels 235

10.7 Summary 240

11 Anisotropic Interactions 243

11.1 Interactions Tunable by External Fields 243

11.1.1 Uniaxial fields 243

11.1.2 Multiaxial fields 252

11.2 Anisotropic Particles 253

11.3 Summary 261

12 Outlook 263.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references (pages 277-316) and index.

Local Notes:

Acquired for the Penn Libraries with assistance from the Emma Louise McClellan Fund.

ISBN:

9789814350068

9814350060

OCLC:

707966885