Metal oxides in heterogeneous catalysis / edited by Jacques C. Vedrine ; series editor Ghenadii Korotcenkov.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Korotchenkov, G. S. (Gennadiĭ Sergeevich), editor.

Védrine, Jacques C., editor.

Series:

Metal Oxides Series

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Heterogeneous catalysis.

Metallic oxides.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (320 pages) : illustrations, tables.

Place of Publication:

Amsterdam, Netherland ; Oxford, [England] ; Cambridge, Massachusetts : Elsevier, 2018.

Summary:

Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis is an overview of the past, present and future of heterogeneous catalysis using metal oxides catalysts. The book presents the historical, theoretical, and practical aspects of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis.Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis deals with fundamental information on heterogeneous catalysis, including reaction mechanisms and kinetics approaches.There is also a focus on the classification of metal oxides used as catalysts, preparation methods and touches on zeolites, mesoporous materials and Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in catalysis. It will touch on acid or base-type reactions, selective (partial) and total oxidation reactions, and enzymatic type reactionsThe book also touches heavily on the biomass applications of metal oxide catalysts and environmentally related/depollution reactions such as COVs elimination, DeNOx, and DeSOx. Finally, the book also deals with future trends and prospects in metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis.- Presents case studies in each chapter that provide a focus on the industrial applications- Includes fundamentals, key theories and practical applications of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis in one comprehensive resource- Edited, and contributed, by leading experts who provide perspectives on synthesis, characterization and applications

Contents:

Front Cover

Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis

Copyright Page

Contents

List of Contributors

About the Editor

About the Series Editor

Preface to the Series

Introduction: Editorial

1 Fundamentals of heterogeneous catalysis

1.1 Introduction to catalysis

1.1.1 General aspects of catalysis

1.1.2 Main heterogeneous catalysts and industrial processes

1.2 Some historical features of industrial applications of catalysis

1.3 Solid catalysts, inorganic chemistry and material science

1.4 Catalyst activity

1.5 Kinetics and reaction mechanisms in heterogeneous catalysis

1.6 Active sites in heterogeneous catalysis

1.7 Deactivation by cocking or poisoning and regeneration

1.8 Main physical techniques used to characterise catalysts and reaction intermediates

1.9 Theoretical approach and calculations on oxide based heterogeneous catalysts

1.10 Concluding remarks

References

2 Synthesis of metal oxide catalysts

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Simple oxides

2.2.1 General

2.2.2 Synthesis of simple oxides

2.2.2.1 Polymerization in the gas phase

2.2.2.2 Precipitation from aqueous solutions

2.2.2.3 Sol-gel and solvothermal procedures

2.2.3 Organizing the support porosity

2.2.3.1 Microporous oxides

2.2.3.2 Mesoporous oxides

2.2.3.3 Macroporous and hierarchically porous oxides

2.2.3.4 Anodic oxides

2.3 Mixed oxides

2.3.1 Perovskites

2.3.1.1 Structure and general characteristics

2.3.1.2 Classical syntheses

2.3.1.3 Recent strategies for perovskite synthesis

2.3.2 Synthesis of hexaaluminates

2.3.2.1 Structure and general characteristics

2.3.2.2 Classical syntheses

2.3.2.3 New synthesis routes to increase the surface area of hexaaluminates

2.4 Supported catalysts

2.4.1 General

2.4.2 Chemistry at the solid-liquid interface.

2.4.2.1 Aqueous-phase speciation of the metal precursor

2.4.2.2 Active-phase deposition

Selective adsorption

Incipient wetness impregnation (high solid/solution ratio)

Wet impregnation (low solid/solution ratio)

Deposition-precipitation

Melt impregnation

2.4.2.3 Control of the surface speciation of the active phase: pH and concentration effects

2.4.2.4 Control of active-phase distribution at the impregnation step

2.4.2.5 Drying

2.5 Conclusion and perspectives

3 Nanoporous oxide catalysts: A new catalyst paradigm of SYNGAS production for sustainable energy and environmental applica...

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Conversion routes of methane to syngas

3.2.1 Syngas: a key intermediate in the chemical industry and in energy conversion

3.3 Syngas, catalysis, and sustainability

3.4 Syngas from DRM

3.5 Syngas from POM

3.6 Syngas from SRM

3.7 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

4 Catalysts and catalysis for acid-base reactions

4.1 Roles of acid sites and base sites in acid- and base-catalyzed reactions

4.1.1 Advantages of heterogeneous acid and base catalysis over homogeneous ones

4.1.2 Definitions of Brønsted acid/base and Lewis acid/base

4.1.3 Roles of Brønsted acid sites

4.1.4 Roles of Lewis acid sites

4.1.5 Roles of Brønsted base sites

4.1.6 Roles of Lewis base sites

4.1.7 Cooperative action of acid and base sites

4.2 Characterization of acid and base sites

4.2.1 Indicator method

4.2.1.1 Acid strength based on H0 function

4.2.1.2 Base strength based on H− function

4.2.2 Infrared spectroscopy

4.2.2.1 Adsorption of pyridine

4.2.2.2 Surface OH groups

4.2.2.3 Adsorption of carbon dioxide

4.2.3 Temperature programmed desorption

4.2.3.1 TPD of ammonia

4.2.3.2 TPD of carbon dioxide

4.2.4 Calorimetry

4.2.5 MAS NMR.

4.2.5.1 1H MAS NMR of acidic OH groups

4.2.5.2 31P MAS NMR for acidity measurements

4.2.5.3 13C MAS NMR of adsorbed methyl iodide

4.2.6 Test reactions

4.2.6.1 Butene isomerization

4.2.6.2 Alcohol dehydration/dehydrogenation

4.2.6.3 Cyclization of acetonylacetone

4.2.6.4 Reactions of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (MBOH)

4.2.6.5 Rearrangement of cyclic acetals of α-bromophenyl ketone

4.2.6.6 Hexane cracking

4.3 Catalysis by solid acid catalysts

4.3.1 Hydrocarbon transformation

4.3.1.1 Cracking

4.3.1.2 Synthesis of ethylbenzene and cumene

4.3.1.3 Isomerization

4.3.2 Synthesis of organic chemicals

4.3.2.1 Methanol to hydrocarbons

MTH, MTG, MTO processes

Reaction mechanism

4.3.2.2 Alkylation of aromatics with alcohols

4.3.2.3 Acylation

4.3.2.4 Esterificatiion

4.3.2.5 Biodiesel synthesis

4.3.2.6 Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction and Oppenauer oxidation

4.3.2.7 Dehydration of alcohols

Dehydration of ethanol

Dehydration of glycerol to acrolein

Dehydration of monoethanolamine

4.3.2.8 Hydration of alkenes and alkynes

4.3.2.9 Beckmann rearrangement

4.4 Catalysis by solid base catalysts

4.4.1 Isomerization of alkenes

4.4.2 Aldol and aldol-type reactions

4.4.3 Michael addition

4.4.4 Tishchenko reaction

4.4.5 Side chain alkylation

4.4.6 Hydrogenation

4.5 Solid acid catalysts

4.5.1 Zeolites

4.5.1.1 Characteristics of zeolites as solid acids

4.5.1.2 Structure of zeolites

4.5.1.3 Lewis acid catalysis by zeolites

4.5.1.4 Pore structure of zeolites and shape selectivity

4.5.1.5 Structure code of zeolites and related materials

4.5.1.6 Features of some important zeolites

4.5.2 Heteropolyacids

4.5.3 Silica-alumina

4.5.4 Sulfated zirconia

4.5.5 WO3-ZrO2 catalysts

4.5.6 Ion exchange resins

4.5.6.1 Polystyrene sulfonate-type resins.

4.5.6.2 Nafion

4.5.6.3 Nafion-silica composite

4.5.7 Solid phosphoric acid

4.6 Solid base catalysts

4.6.1 Alkaline earth oxides

4.6.2 Zirconia

4.6.3 Alumina

4.6.4 Hydrotalcite and mixed oxides derived from hydrotalcite

4.6.4.1 Structure of hydrotalcite

4.6.4.2 Thermal decomposition of hydrotalcite

4.6.4.3 Memory effect

4.6.4.4 Catalysis by hydrotalcite

4.6.4.5 Catalysis by mixed oxides

4.6.5 Alkaline salts supported on oxides

4.7 Perspectives in acid and base catalysis

5 Gas phase heterogeneous partial oxidation reactions

5.1 Principles of catalyst choice for selective oxidation reactions and historical aspects

5.2 Nature of active sites in selective oxidation reactions

5.3 Structural features of metal oxide catalysts for oxidation reactions

5.4 Selective oxidation and ODH of short chain alkanes

5.5 Propene oxidation on Bi-molybdate based catalysts

5.6 Butane direct oxidation to maleic anhydride on VPO type catalysts

5.7 Propane direct oxidation/ammoxidation on mixed MoVTe(Sb)Nb-O catalysts

5.8 Trends in partial oxidation processes

Further reading

6 Transition metal oxides for combustion and depollution processes

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Overview on the mechanisms of total oxidation reactions over metal oxides

6.2.1 Different types of mechanisms for total oxidation

6.2.2 Mechanisms of carbon monoxide oxidation

6.2.3 Mechanisms of methane oxidation

6.3 Oxidation of carbon monoxide

6.3.1 Cobalt oxide

6.3.2 Cerium oxides

6.3.3 Manganese oxides

6.3.4 Perovskite catalysts

6.4 Methane oxidation

6.4.1 Single oxides

6.4.2 Perovskite catalysts

6.4.3 Hexaaluminate catalysts

6.5 Other hydrocarbons and oxygenates

6.5.1 Hydrocarbons

6.5.2 Oxygenates

6.6 Oxidation of chlorine- and sulfur-containing compounds.

6.6.1 Chlorinated VOCs

6.6.2 Sulfur compounds

6.7 Oxidation of automotive soots

6.8 Nitrogen-containing compounds

6.8.1 Scope of the section

6.8.2 NO oxidation

6.8.3 Ammonia oxidation

6.8.4 Urea oxidation

6.8.5 NOx-trap systems (basic oxides)

6.8.6 NOx direct decomposition

6.9 Wet air oxidation

6.10 Conclusions and perspectives

7 Photocatalytic water splitting on metal oxide-based semiconductor photocatalysts

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1 Research background

7.1.2 Mechanism of photocatalytic water splitting on semiconductor photocatalyst

7.1.3 Types of photocatalytic water splitting

7.1.3.1 Overall water splitting on a single semiconductor photocatalyst

7.1.3.2 Half water splitting reaction in the presence of sacrificial reagents

7.1.3.3 Overall water splitting on two semiconductor photocatalysts linked with redox couples

7.1.4 Main metrics for evaluating photocatalytic water spitting

7.1.4.1 Photocatalytic activity

7.1.4.2 Photocatalytic durability

7.1.4.3 Scalability of photocatalyst materials

7.1.5 Apparatus for evaluating the photocatalytic water splitting performance

7.1.6 Preparation of metal oxide photocatalysts

7.1.6.1 Solid state reaction method

7.1.6.2 Polymerizable complex method

7.1.6.3 Hydrothermal (or solvothermal) method

7.1.7 Scope of this chapter

7.2 Typical metal oxide-based semiconductor for photocatalytic water splitting

7.2.1 UV light-responsive metal oxides

7.2.1.1 Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Ti-based oxides

7.2.1.2 Niobium oxide (Nb2O5) and Nb-based oxides

7.2.1.3 Tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) and Ta-based oxides

7.2.1.4 Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) and Ga-based oxides

7.2.1.5 Other UV light-responsive metal oxides

7.2.2 Visible light-responsive metal oxides

7.2.2.1 Tungsten trioxide (WO3).

7.2.2.2 Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4).

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (EBC, viewed February 12, 2018).

ISBN:

9780128116326

0128116323

9780128116319

0128116315