Multifunctional photocatalytic materials for energy / edited by Zhiqun Lin, Meidan Ye, Mengye Wang.

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Lin, Zhiqun, editor.

Ye, Meidan, editor.

Wang, Mengye, editor.

Series:

Woodhead Publishing in materials.

Woodhead Publishing in Materials

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Photocatalysis.

Energy development.

Materials science.

Physical Description:

1 online resource (335 pages) : illustrations (some color).

Place of Publication:

Duxford, England : Woodhead Publishing, 2018.

Summary:

Multifunctional Photocatalytic Materials for Energy discusses recent developments in multifunctional photocatalytic materials, such as semiconductors, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes and graphene, with an emphasis on their novel properties and synthesis strategies and discussions of their fundamental principles and applicational achievements in energy fields, for example, hydrogen generation from water splitting, CO2 reduction to hydrocarbon fuels, degradation of organic pollutions and solar cells. This book serves as a valuable reference book for researchers, but is also an instructive text for undergraduate and postgraduate students who want to learn about multifunctional photocatalytic materials to stimulate their interests in designing and creating advanced materials.- Covers all aspects of recent developments in multifunctional photocatalytic materials- Provides fundamental understanding of the structure, properties and energy applications of these materials- Contains contributions from leading international experts in the field working in multidisciplinary subject areas- Focuses on advanced applications and future research advancements, such as graphene-based nanomaterials and multi-hybrid nanocomposites- Presents a valuable reference for researchers and students that stimulates interest in designing advanced materials for renewable energy resources

Contents:

Front Cover

Multifunctional Photocatalytic Materials for Energy

Copyright

Contents

List of contributors

Chapter 1: Introduction

Chapter 2: Metal oxide powder photocatalysts

2.1 Historical developments and introduction

2.2 Semiconductors and photocatalysis

2.3 Fundamentals of photocatalysis

2.3.1 Mechanism

2.4 Metal oxides as powder photocatalysts

2.5 Applications of powdered metal oxides photocatalysts

2.5.1 Water purification

2.5.2 Deodorizing and air purification

2.5.3 Self-cleaning, self-sterilizing, and antifogging surfaces

2.5.3.1 Superhydrophilic

2.5.4 Antibacterial effect

2.5.5 Organic synthesis

2.5.6 Energy

2.6 Future perspectives

2.7 Conclusions

References

Chapter 3: Metal oxide electrodes for photo-activated water splitting

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Fundamentals of photoelectrochemical water splitting: An overview

3.3 Relevant case studies for photoanode development

3.3.1 Fe2O3-based materials

3.3.2 WO3-based materials

3.3.3 ZnO-based materials

3.3.4 BiVO4-based materials

3.4 Conclusions and future trends

Acknowledgments

Chapter 4: Energy band engineering of metal oxide for enhanced visible light absorption

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Electronic energy band structure of semiconductors

4.2.1 Electronic energy band of semiconductors

4.2.2 Light absorption of a semiconductor

4.2.3 Excitation and recombination of charge carriers

4.3 Principle of photocatalysis for solar fuel generation

4.3.1 Basic principle of photocatalysis

4.3.2 Solar energy conversion to chemical fuels

4.3.3 Photocatalysts requirements for catalytic reactions

4.3.4 Solar to chemical conversion efficiency

4.4 Metal oxide photocatalysts

4.4.1 Electronic energy band of metal oxide photocatalysts.

4.4.2 Representative metal oxide photocatalysts

4.4.2.1 TiO2

4.4.2.2 Hematite/Fe2O3

4.4.2.3 BiVO4 (BVO)

4.4.2.4 Cu-based oxides

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O)

Cu-based ternary oxides

4.5 Energy band engineering of metal oxides for enhanced visible light absorption

4.5.1 Doping with alien ions

4.5.2 Solid solution effects in multiple cation oxides

4.5.3 Photosensitizer-oxide heterostructures

4.5.4 Plasmonic photocatalysts

4.5.4.1 Photonic enhancement

4.5.4.2 Hot electron injection

4.5.4.3 Plasmon-induced resonance energy transfer (PIRET)

4.5.5 Multijunctional systems

4.6 Concluding remarks

Further reading

Chapter 5: Graphene photocatalysts

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Graphene and its derivatives

5.2.1 General properties of graphene-based materials

5.3 Graphene-based semiconductor photocatalysts

5.3.1 Synthesis of graphene-based titanium dioxide photocatalysts

5.3.2 Synthesis of other graphene-based semiconductor photocatalysts

5.4 Energy applications

5.4.1 Photocatalytic hydrogen generation

5.4.2 Photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide

5.5 Conclusions and outlook

Chapter 6: Carbon nitride photocatalysts

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Graphitic carbon nitride for hydrogen evolution

6.2.1 Tuning the reaction parameters and precursors

6.2.2 Copolymerization

6.2.3 Nanostructured carbon nitride

6.2.4 Doped carbon nitride

6.2.5 Carbon nitride-based heterojunctions

6.2.6 Carbonaceous/carbon nitride hybrids

6.2.7 Dye-sensitized carbon nitride

6.3 Carbon nitride for reduction of CO2

6.4 Carbon nitride for other energy applications

6.5 Conclusion and outlook

Chapter 7: Graphene-based nanomaterials for solar cells

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Properties of graphene.

7.3 Synthesis of graphene-based materials

7.4 Graphene in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)

7.4.1 Graphene as transparent conductive layer

7.4.2 Graphene as semiconducting layer in DSSC

7.4.3 Graphene as sensitizer in DSSC

7.4.4 Graphene as electrolytes in DSSC

7.4.5 Graphene as counter electrode in DSSC

7.4.6 Graphene in perovskite solar cells (PSC)

7.4.7 Graphene in Schottky junction solar cells

7.4.8 Graphene in organic-based solar cells

7.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgment

Chapter 8: Metal-based semiconductor nanomaterials for thin-film solar cells

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Fabrication of metal-based semiconductor nanomaterials

8.2.1 Titanium dioxide (TiO2)

8.2.1.1 Fabrication of TiO2 NPs

8.2.1.2 Fabrication of TiO2 NRs/NWs

8.2.1.3 Fabrication of TiO2 NTs

8.2.2 Zinc oxide (ZnO)

8.2.2.1 Fabrication of ZnO NPs

8.2.2.2 Fabrication of ZnO NRs

8.2.2.3 Fabrication of ZnO NTs

8.2.3 Niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5)

8.2.4 Other materials

8.3 Semiconductor nanomaterials as interfacial materials for solar cells

8.3.1 Electron-transporting materials

8.4 Semiconductor nanomaterials as mesoporous layers for DSSCs

8.4.1 NPs

8.4.2 1D nanomaterials

8.4.3 Hierarchical TiO2 microspheres

8.4.3.1 Two-step self-template method

8.4.3.2 Titanium precursor transformation method

8.4.3.3 One-pot hydrothermal method

8.4.3.4 Self-assembly strategy

8.4.3.5 Template method

8.5 Concluding remarks and outlook

Chapter 9: Metal-based semiconductor nanomaterials for photocatalysis

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Thermodynamics and kinetics of the water splitting process

9.3 Photocatalyst requirements

9.4 Catalytic water photosplitting

9.4.1 Metal-semiconductor heterojunction nano-photocatalysts.

9.4.2 Semiconductor-semiconductor heterojunction metal-based nano-photocatalysts

9.5 Catalytic photoreforming

9.6 Operating variables affecting photocatalyst activity

9.7 Conclusion

Chapter 10: Photocatalysts for hydrogen generation and organic contaminants degradation

10.1 Introduction

10.1.1 Semiconducting nanocrystals

10.1.2 Conjugated polymers

10.1.3 Role of photocatalytic materials

10.1.4 Fundamental approach to hydrogen generation and organic contaminants' degradation using semiconductors

10.2 Hydrogen economy and photocatalytic splitting of water

10.3 Photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants

10.4 Conclusion

Chapter 11: Multidimensional TiO2 nanostructured catalysts for sustainable H2 generation

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Preparations of multidimensional TiO2 nanostructures

11.2.1 Controlled growth of 0D TiO2 nanostructures

11.2.2 Rational synthesis of 1D TiO2 nanostructures

11.2.2.1 TiO2 nanotubes

11.2.2.2 TiO2 nanowires

11.2.2.3 TiO2 nanorods

11.2.2.4 TiO2 nanofibers

11.2.3 Formation of 2D TiO2 nanostructures

11.2.4 Synthesis of 3D TiO2 hollow and hierarchical materials

11.2.4.1 Porous TiO2 films

11.2.4.2 Porous/hierarchical hollow TiO2 spheres

11.3 Solar WS by nanostructured TiO2 materials

11.3.1 Pure TiO2 nanomaterials for hydrogen production

11.3.2 Synthesis of pristine TiO2-based active photocatalysts

11.3.2.1 Enlargement of the photocatalytically active area

11.3.2.2 Optimizing the crystallinity and exposed facets

11.3.3 Development of visible light-sensitized photocatalysts

11.3.3.1 Bulk doping with metal and nonmetal elements

11.3.3.2 Sensitization with noble metal particles

11.3.3.3 Surface modification with graphene, narrow band gap semiconductors, and complex compounds.

11.4 Conclusions and perspectives

Chapter 12: Hybrid Z-scheme nanocomposites for photocatalysis

12.1 Introduction

12.1.1 Research background

12.1.2 Important aspects of photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction

12.1.3 Metal-complex photocatalysts

12.1.4 Semiconductor photocatalysts

12.2 Powder-based Z-scheme photocatalysts of metal-complex/semiconductor hybrids

12.3 Photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction using molecular-based photocathode coupled with a semiconductor photoanode

12.4 Photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction using semiconductor electrodes modified with a catalytic metal complex

12.5 Summary and outlook

Chapter 13: Ferroelectrics for photocatalysis

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Ferroelectric fundamentals

13.3 Ferroelectric semiconductor photocatalysts

13.3.1 Titanates: ATiO3 (A = Ba, Pb, Sn)

13.3.2 Niobates: ANbO3 (A = Li, K, Na, Ag)

13.3.3 Tantalates: ATaO3 (A = Li, K, Na, Ag)

13.4 Synthesis and characterization of ferroelectric photocatalysts

13.5 Theoretical and computational methods proposed for ferroelectric photocatalysts

13.6 Architectural design of ferroelectric semiconductor photocatalysts

13.6.1 Single to integrated components

13.6.2 Cationic/anionic dopant

13.6.3 Single/dual co-catalysts

13.6.4 Plasmonic metals and LSPR effect

13.6.5 Core-shell and hybrid structures

13.7 Factors influencing photocatalytic reaction

13.7.1 Effect of crystal structure

13.7.2 Effect of morphology

13.7.3 Effect of crystal size

13.7.4 Effect of pH of the solution

13.8 Conclusion

13.9 Outlook

Index

Back Cover.

Notes:

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (EBC, viewed April 13, 2018).

ISBN:

9780081019788

0081019785

9780081019771

0081019777