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A companion to the history of American science / edited by Georgina M. Montgomery and Mark A. Largent.
- Format:
- Book
- Series:
- Wiley-Blackwell companions to American history.
- Wiley Blackwell Companions to American History
- Language:
- English
- Subjects (All):
- Science--United States--History.
- Science.
- Physical Description:
- 1 online resource (882 pages) : illustrations.
- Edition:
- 1st ed.
- Place of Publication:
- Chichester, West Sussex, England : Wiley-Blackwell, 2016.
- Summary:
- A Companion to the History of American Science offers a collection of essays that give an authoritative overview of the most recent scholarship on the history of American science. * Covers topics including astronomy, agriculture, chemistry, eugenics, Big Science, military technology, and more * Features contributions by the most accomplished scholars in the field of science history * Covers pivotal events in U.S. history that shaped the development of science and science policy such as WWII, the Cold War, and the Women's Rights movement
- Contents:
- Intro
- Series
- Title page
- Copyright
- Dedication
- Notes on Contributors
- Introduction The History of American Science
- Part I Disciplines
- 1 Agricultural Sciences
- Agriculture Defined
- Agriculture Science Defined
- Historical Roots of Agricultural Science
- History of Agricultural Sciences in the United States
- Ethical and Social Influences
- The Green Revolution and Genetic Modification
- Agricultural Sciences Today
- Bibliographic Essay
- 2 Anthropology
- Philology and Native Americans in the Early Republic
- The American School of Ethnology
- Nineteenth-Century Professionalization
- Boas and the Boasians
- Hooton and the Hootonians
- New Currents and New Fractures
- 3 Astronomy and Astrophysics
- The Indigenous Period: Native American Astronomy
- Colonial American Astronomy
- The Early Republic and Antebellum Years
- American Astronomy's Gilded Era, 1865-1940
- Big Science for a Big Universe, 1940 to the Present
- Bibliographical Essay
- 4 Chemistry
- Classifying the Elements
- Atomic Weight
- The Discovery of Elements
- 5 Computer Science
- The Computer
- Early Computing during World War II
- Computer Centers and Early "Computer Science"
- Changing Associations
- Professionalization and Institutionalization
- Theorization
- 6 Conservation Biology
- Nineteenth-Century Conservation and the Continuum of Concern
- Conservation of Sites for Scientific Study
- The Broader Conservation Message
- Establishing the Science of Ecology
- Ecology and the New Environmental Movement
- A Synthesis for Conservation Biology
- 7 Economics
- In the Beginning was the Word Laissez-Faire
- Postbellum to Fin de Siècle: Advocacy, Objectivity, and Religion.
- Pluralism and Social Control: The First Half of the Twentieth Century
- Doing Economics with Models
- Doing Economics with Keynesian Models
- Models to Live By
- 8 Experimental Psychology
- Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener: The Laboratory Model
- William James: Darwinian Consciousness
- G.S. Hall: The Profession Builder
- Behaviorism: Psychology without a Mind
- Clark Hull: A Mechanics of Behavior
- 9 Genetics
- Professionalization of Genetics
- Key Discoveries and Breakthroughs in American Genetics
- Genetics, Policy and Ethics
- 10 Geophysics
- Geophysics Before the Civil War
- From the Civil War to World War II
- Cold War Geophysics
- 11 Marine Biology
- Open Ocean Research: Onboard Naturalists and Marine Zoologists
- Fisheries Research: Culturists and Fisheries Biologists
- Marine Stations: Fisheries and Academic Laboratories
- Marine Biology Defined
- Marine Biology in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
- 12 Medical Genetics
- The Emergence of Medical Genetics
- The Heredity Clinics
- Human Cytogenetics in the United States
- Building Genetic Medicine in Baltimore
- Diagnostic Medical Genetics
- Professionalization in Medical Genetics
- Medical Genetics and the Private Sector
- 13 Meteorology and Atmospheric Science
- Meteorology to 1870: The Emergence of a National Network
- 1870-1919: The Signal Service, the Weather Bureau, and the Political Contingency of Data
- 1900-1939: Climatology, Long-Range Forecasting, and the Persistence of Agricultural Interests
- 1919-1945: The Upper Atmosphere and the Change in Focus of Meteorology
- 1945-Present: From National to Global
- From Global Back to Local?
- 14 Molecular and Cellular Biology.
- The Cell and the Emergence of American Cell Biology
- The Creation and Early Development of Molecular Biology
- Expansion of Molecular Biology and Molecular Cell Biology
- 15 Nuclear, High Energy, and Solid State Physics
- American Physics Ascendant
- Nuclear Physics
- High Energy Physics
- Solid State Physics
- 16 Nutrition
- Pioneering Calorimetry: Technologies of American Nutrition
- Nutrition in the United States
- Federal Food Guides Codify the Science
- Vitamins - A New Era in Nutrition
- 17 Paleoanthropology and Human Evolution
- Human Evolution Comes to the United States
- Modern Biology and Paleoanthropology Meet
- New Techniques and New Ideas
- The Focus on Africa
- 18 Paleontology
- The First American Fossils
- Paleontology and Western Exploration
- Paleontology Moves into Museums
- From Modern Evolutionary Synthesis to Paleobiological Revolution
- 19 Ecology
- Physiological and Physiographical Ecology
- Animal Ecology
- Ecosystem Ecology
- Ecology in the "Atomic Age"
- Ecology and Environmentalism
- Population Ecology
- Long-Term Ecological Research
- 20 Sociobiology and Evolutionary Psychology
- Establishing the Principles of Sociobiology
- Developments in Evolutionary Psychology
- 21 Sociology
- Narrating the Rise of Sociology as a Profession
- Cold War Social Science and the Rise of Modernization Theory
- Decentering the United States: Postcolonial Approaches to the History of Sociology
- 22 Space and Planetary Sciences
- NASA as an Engineering Agency
- Organizing Science in NASA
- The Space Sciences and Human Space Flight
- NASA and the National Academy of Science
- Building New Specialist Communities.
- Bibliographic Essay
- Part II Topics
- 23 Biotechnology
- Defining Biotechnology: Problems and Particulars
- Biotechnology before Biotechnologie
- Biotechnology from World War I to Genetic Engineering
- Biotechnology as Bioengineering
- 24 Darwinism
- What is Darwinism?
- The First Four Decades of American Darwinism
- The Evolutionary Synthesis
- Molecular Evolution
- Punctuated Equilibria
- Sociobiology and Evolutionary Psychology
- Perspective: Unification and "Dys-synthesis" in American Darwinism
- 25 Science Education
- Science in the American Colonies
- Teaching the Laws of Nature and Nature's God in the Early Republic
- Science Education and the American Civil War
- Teaching Science at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
- Science, Sputnik, and Cold War Education
- Science, Schools, and the Next Generation
- 26 Environmental Science
- Humboldtian Science and American Western Exploration
- Scientific Specialization
- The Progressive Era: Environmental Health, Conservation, and Preservation
- Ecology
- The Human Place in Nature: Environmentalism and Humanists
- 27 The American Eugenics Movement
- Setting the Stage for Eugenics
- The Rise of Eugenic Ideology
- Putting Eugenic Ideas into Practice
- Legal and Legislative Victories
- Cracks in the System
- 28 Evolution and Creation Debates
- The Debate Crosses the Atlantic
- The Debate Becomes a Culture War
- The Scopes Trial
- The Contemporary Legal Battles
- The Philosophical Debates
- Public and Private Debates
- 29 Field and Laboratory
- Rise of the Laboratory
- Modes of Field Practice
- Lab-Field Borderlands
- Lab and Field: Twentieth-Century Transformations
- 30 Gender and Science.
- The Scientific Origins of "Gender"
- Gender as a Feminist Category
- The History of Women in American Science
- The Maturation of a Feminist Science Studies Field
- Emergent Historiographical Themes
- 31 The Germ Theory
- Germs in Theory: Victorian Debates and the Architects of the Germ Theory
- Germs in Practice: The Laboratory, the Hospital, and the Home
- Beyond Germs: From Bacteria to Viruses and Beyond
- 32 Instrumentation
- Defining Scientific Instrumentation
- Historiography
- 33 Science and Literature
- Colonial Era and Gothic Fictions of Science
- Nineteenth-Century American Literature
- Medicine as a Site of Literary-Scientific Intersection
- 34 Museums
- From Peale to Barnum
- The United States National Museum
- Curation and Display
- Objects Today
- 35 Natural History
- American Natural History
- Natural History Institutions
- Educational Institutions
- 36 Nature Study
- The Nature Study Approach
- Framing a Movement
- Impact of Nature Study
- 37 Science and Policy
- Policy for Science: 1789-1940
- Policy for Science: 1940-1980
- Policy for Science: 1980 to the Present
- Science for Policy: Private-Interest Science
- Science for Policy: Public Engagement
- 38 Popularizing Science
- "Men of Science" and the Lecture Circuit
- Republicanism and Cheap Print
- The Graphic Revolution and the Celebrity Scientist
- Science, Religion, and the Mythology of Warfare
- Scientists, (Women) Popularizers, and Mythologies of the Public
- Modern Democracy and the Professional Popularizer
- Drama in Every Test Tube: Selling the Romance of Science
- Controversy, Democracy, and the Theater of Science.
- Post World War II and the Public Understanding of Science.
- Notes:
- Includes bibliographical references and index.
- Description based on online resource; title from PDF title page (ebrary, viewed December 14, 2016).
- ISBN:
- 9781119072232
- 1119072239
- 9781119072188
- 1119072182
- 9781119072218
- 1119072212
- OCLC:
- 939863489
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