Oxidative stress and antioxidant protection : the science of free radical biology and disease / edited by Donald Armstrong ; Robert D. Stratton ; contributors, Aneela Afzal [and sixty-one others].

Format:

Book

Contributor:

Armstrong, D., editor.

Stratton, Robert D., editor.

Afzal, Aneela, contributor.

Series:

THEi Wiley ebooks.

THEi Wiley ebooks

Language:

English

Subjects (All):

Oxidative stress--Physiology.

Oxidative stress.

Antioxidants--Physiology.

Antioxidants.

Free radicals (Chemistry)--Immunology.

Free radicals (Chemistry).

Physical Description:

1 online resource (609 p.)

Edition:

1st ed.

Place of Publication:

Hoboken, New Jersey : Wiley Blackwell, 2016.

Language Note:

English

System Details:

Access using campus network via VPN at home (THEi Users Only).

Summary:

Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Protection: The Science of Free Radical Biology and provides an overview of the basic principles of free radical formation. The text delves into free radical formation in molecular biology and its effect on subcellular damage, as well as the role of antioxidant reserves as a protective mechanism. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Protection begins with a historical perspective of pioneers in oxidative stress with an introductory section that explains the basic principles related to oxidative stress in biochemistry and molecular biology, demonstrating both pathways and biomarkers. This section also covers diagnostic imaging and differential diagnostics. The following section covers psychological, physiologic, pharmacologic and pathologic correlates. This section addresses inheritance, gender, nutrition, obesity, family history, behavior modification, natural herbal-botanical products, and supplementation in the treatment of disease. Clinical trials are also summarized for major medical disorders and efficacy of treatment, with particular focus on inflammation, immune response, recycling, disease progression, outcomes and interventions. Each of the chapters describes what biomarker(s) and physiological functions may be relevant to a concept of specific disease and potential alternative therapy. The chapters cover medical terminology, developmental change, effects of aging, senescence, lifespan, and wound healing, and also illustrates cross-over exposure to other fields. The final chapter covers how and when to interpret appropriate data used in entry level biostatistics and epidemiology. Authored and edited by leaders in the field, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Protection will be an invaluable resource for students and researchers studying cell biology, molecular biology, and biochemistry, as well professionals in various health science fields.

Contents:

Cover

Title Page

Copyright

Contents

List of Contributors

Special Recognition

Foreword

Preface

Section 1: Introduction

Chapter 1 Introduction to Free Radicals, Inflammation, and Recycling

Historical perspective

Oxidative stress concept

Free radicals

Inflammatory pathways

Mitochondria

Educational redox

References

Chapter 2 Diagnostic Imaging and Differential Diagnosis

Diagnostic method in clinical practice

History

Physical examination

Differential diagnosis

Biomarkers in biological investigation

Biochemical biomarkers

Electromagnetic biomarkers

Spectrographic biomarkers

Biological imaging

Acoustic imaging

Light imaging

Radioactive isotope imaging (scintigraphy)

Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Section 2: Clinical Correlations on Acute and Chronic Diseases

Chapter 3 Free Radicals: Their Role in Brain Function and Dysfunction

Introduction

The beneficial role of oxidative stress in the brain

The harmful role of oxidative stress in the brain

The role of oxidative stress (OS) in programmed neuronal death (apoptosis)

Oxidative stress in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)

OS in inflammatory brain disease due to infection

OS in neuroimmunological disorders

OS in cerebrovascular disease

OS in traumatic brain injury

OS in neurodegenerative disorders

Alzheimer disease

OS in Parkinson disease (PD)

Therapeutic implications and opportunities

Additional Reading

Chapter 4 Mediators of Neuroinflammation

Cells mediating neuroinflammation

Characteristics of microglial activation

Detrimental versus beneficial roles of microglial activation

Microglia-activating signals

Exogenous signals

Endogenous signals

Neuron-microglia interplay.

Pathological implications of dysregulated microglial activation

Neurodegenerative diseases

Brain injuries

Neuropsychiatric diseases

Microglial activation as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target

Chapter 5 Oxidative and Nitrative Stress in Schizophrenia

Oxidative stress and psychiatric disorders

Schizophrenia and oxidative stress

Biomarkers of oxidative stress in schizophrenia

Lipid peroxidation

Cell membrane phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in schizophrenia

Reactive nitrogen species in the central nervous system

Nitrative stress in schizophrenia

Role of glutathione in schizophrenia

Antioxidants

Nitric oxide and antipsychotics in schizophrenia

Concluding remarks

Chapter 6 The Effects of Hypoxia, Hyperoxia, and Oxygen Fluctuations on Oxidative Signaling in the Preterm Infant and on Retinopathy of Prematurity

Anatomy and physiology of the human eye in adult and development

Premature birth

Vascular development (retina and hyaloid) and effects from preterm birth

Oxidative stress and reserves in preterm compared to full-term birth

Oxygen and oxidative stress

Relationship of arterial oxygen and oxygen saturation and the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve

Role of oxygen levels on retinal vascular development

Oxygen levels and generation of oxidative compounds

Human ROP phases

Phase 1: delayed physiologic retinal vascular development

Phase 2: vasoproliferation

Phase 3: fibrovascular phase

The role of oxygen in ROP

High oxygen and ROP in the 1940s

Current levels of oxygen in regions with oxygen regulation and monitoring

Clinical trials on oxygen

Use of animal models to study ROP

Link between oxidative stress and oxygen in ROP.

Fluctuations in oxygenation and activation of endothelial NADPH oxidase

Clinical applications

Clinical trials of antioxidants

Conclusions

Chapter 7 Oxidative Damage in the Retina

The vitreous

The retina

OS in the visual cycle

Recycling of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA)

Retinal dystrophies

Lipofuscin age pigment

RPE melanosomes

Bruch's membrane

Oxidative damage to the DNA

Mitochondrial base excision repair (mtBER) pathway

Age-related macular degeneration

VEGF in AMD

Parainflammation and complement in AMD

Polymorphism and complement factors

Iron in AMD

AMD treatment targets

OS in AMD etiology

Treatment of AMD

Diabetic retinopathy

Pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy

Treatment of diabetic retinopathy

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs)

OS in diabetic microangiopathy

Chapter 8 The Role of Oxidative Stress in Hearing Loss

Age-related hearing loss

Noise-induced hearing loss

Drug-induced hearing loss

Summary and conclusions

Chapter 9 Disorders of Children

Introduction - reactive oxygen species, antioxidative systems, and oxidative stress

Biomarkers for oxidative stress

Nitric oxide system blockade, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress

Pregnancy as a state of oxidative stress

Prenatal disorders

Oxidative stress in fetal-to-neonatal transition

Evaluation of oxidative stress status in neonates using specific biomarkers

Breast milk - a rich source of antioxidants

Oxidative stress biomarkers in pediatric medicine

Infectious and inflammatory disorders (especially acute encephalopathy)

Redox modulation strategy for severe influenza encephalopathy

Acknowledgments

References.

Chapter 10 Oxidative Stress in Oral Cavity: Interplay between Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Health, Inflammation, and Cancer

Oxidative stress - significance for oral and general environment

Reactive oxygen species - general outline

Oxidative stress - damage to cellular structures

Oxidative stress and antioxidants - implications in general and oral diseases

Chapter 11 Oxidative Stress and the Skin

Mechanisms of oxidative stress in the skin

Reactive oxygen species

Skin aging

Photodamage and photoaging

Smoking and skin aging

Skin cancer

Overview

Immunosuppression and skin cancer development

Oxidative stress and melanoma

Vitiligo

Intrinsic defenses against free radicals

Topical antioxidants

Vitamin C

Vitamin E

Vitamin A

Drug-induced skin photosensitization

Conclusion

Chapter 12 Oxidative Stress in Osteoarticular Diseases

Rheumatoid arthritis

Oxidative stress markers

Oxidative stress production

Oxidative stress and the immune system

Oxidative stress signaling

Synovial hyperplasia

Cartilage damage

Osteoarthritis

Osteoporosis

Pathogenesis of osteoporosis

Age-related alterations of bone tissue and osteoblastic function

Oxidative stress and bone loss

Chapter 13 Gene Therapy to Reduce Joint Inflammation in Horses

Animal model considerations

The nature and origins of horses

Pathobiology of joint disease

Current therapy for traumatic arthritis

Development of gene therapy in horses

Gene selection

Delivery system

Studies developing gene therapy for arthritis

Chapter 14 Muscle and Oxidative Stress

Vitamins E and C and oxidative stress in muscle

Muscular disease and nutrition.

Muscular dystrophy

Myopathy

Muscle cramps

The dehydration/electrolyte imbalance

Magnesium

Calcium

Inadequate carbohydrate stores

Chapter 15 Role of Oxidants and Antioxidants in Male Reproduction

Male infertility: an oxidative role

Background of oxidative stress and ROS

Redox reactions

Reactive nitrogen species

Sources of ROS and RNS in semen

Methods used to measure OS and TAC

Physiological role of ROS in reproductive system

Sperm maturation

Capacitation

Hyperactivation

Acrosome reaction (AR)

Sperm-oocyte fusion

Pathological roles of ROS in male reproduction

DNA damage

Apoptosis

Enzymatic antioxidants

Nonenzymatic antioxidants

Other antioxidants

Antioxidants: a therapeutic approach

Recommended dosage and regimen

Harmful effect of antioxidants

Conclusion and key points

Chapter 16 Role of Oxidants and Antioxidants in Female Reproduction

Characteristics of reactive oxygen species

General physiological roles

ROS and potential means of damage

Characteristics of reactive nitrogen species, physiological roles, and mechanisms of damage

Antioxidant treatment for female infertility

Methods of detection of ROS in the female

Physiological roles and sources of ROS

Oogenesis and folliculogenesis

Corpus luteum apoptosis and steroidogenesis

Endometrium and endometrial cycle

Factors contributing to oxidative stress in the female

Obesity and overnutrition

Malnutrition

Alcohol

Smoking

Recreational drugs

Chemical compound exposure

Pathological effects and associations of oxidative stress

Menopause and OS.

Reproductive diseases and oxidative stress.

Notes:

Description based upon print version of record.

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Description based on print version record.

ISBN:

9781118832400

111883240X

9781118832431

1118832434

9781118832370

111883237X

OCLC:

935921322